8 research outputs found

    Value at Risk using an 伪-Stable Conditional Heterocedastic Model

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    El objetivo de esta investigaci贸n es describir y comparar la estimaci贸n del Valor en Riesgo (VaR), considerando un modelo GARCH univariado con la innovaci贸n de la distribuci贸n 伪-estable. Los resultados estad铆sticos sugieren que el modelo VaR 伪-estable proporciona estimaciones del VaR m谩s precisas que el modelo bajo la hip贸tesis gaussiana, el cual subestima significativamente el VaR en per铆odos de alta volatilidad.聽 Por el contrario, en el per铆odo posterior a la crisis, el VaR al 95% bajo la hip贸tesis gaussiana muestra resultados aceptables y el obtenido bajo el modelo 伪-estable se encuentra por debajo del rango admisible. La principal aportaci贸n de esta investigaci贸n es que propone una distribuci贸n condicional alternativa para los rendimientos de los precios de los activos en el mercado financiero mexicano, considerando un modelo GARCH con la innovaci贸n de la distribuci贸n 伪-estable.聽 Por 煤ltimo, esta investigaci贸n proporciona evidencia de que el modelo VaR 伪-estable estima satisfactoriamente el VaR para niveles altos de confianza incluso en per铆odos de alta volatilidad.聽 En contraste, en per铆odos de relativa tranquilidad para niveles de confianza bajos este modelo sobrestima las p茅rdidas potenciales.The aim of this research is to describe and compare the estimation of Value at Risk (VaR), considering a univariate GARCH model with the innovation of the a-stable distribution. The statistical results suggest that the a-stable VaR model provides more accurate VaR estimations than the traditional Gaussian model, which significantly underestimates VaR in periods of high volatility. In contrast, in the post-crisis period, VaR at 95% under the Gaussian hypothesis shows acceptable results, and that obtained under the a-stable model is below the admissible range. The main contribution of this research is that it proposes an alternative conditional distribution for asset price yields in the Mexican financial market, considering a GARCH model with the innovation of the a-stable distribution. Finally, this research provides evidence that the a-stable VaR model satisfactorily estimates the VaR for high levels of confidence even in periods of high volatility. In contrast, in periods of relative financial tranquility for low confidence levels, this model overestimates potential losses

    Topological gravity on plumbed V-cobordisms

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    An ensemble of cosmological models based on generalized BF-theory is constructed where the role of vacuum (zero-level) coupling constants is played by topologically invariant rational intersection forms (cosmological-constant matrices) of 4-dimensional plumbed V-cobordisms which are interpreted as Euclidean spacetime regions. For these regions describing topology changes, the rational and integer intersection matrices are calculated. A relation is found between the hierarchy of certain elements of these matrices and the hierarchy of coupling constants of the universal (low-energy) interactions. PACS numbers: 0420G, 0240, 0460Comment: 29 page

    Estimaci贸n del VaR mediante un modelo condicional multivariado bajo la hip贸tesis 伪-estable sub-Gaussiana (A conditional approach to VaR with multivariate 伪-stable sub-Gaussian distributions)

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    Abstract The purpose of this investigation is to propose a multivariate volatility model that takes into consideration time varying volatility and the property of the 伪-stable sub-Gaussian distribution to model heavy tails. The principal assumption is that returns follow a sub-Gaussian distribution, which is a particular multivariate stable distribution. The proposed GARCH model is applied to a Value at Risk (VAR) estimation of a portfolio composed by 5 companies listed in the Mexican Stock Exchange Index (IPC) and compared with the one obtained using the normal multivariate distribution, t-Student and Cauchy. In particular, we examine performances during the financial crisis of 2008. Resumen El objetivo de esta investigaci贸n es proponer un modelo de volatilidad multivariable, el cual combina la propiedad de la distribuci贸n 伪-estable para ajustar colas pesadas con el modelo GARCH para capturar cl煤ster de volatilidad. El supuesto inicial es que los rendimientos siguen una distribuci贸n sub-Gaussiana, la cual es un caso particular de las distribuciones estables multivariadas. El modelo GARCH propuesto se aplica en la estimaci贸n del VaR a un portafolio compuesto por cinco activos que cotizan en la Bolsa Mexicana de Valores (BMV). En particular, se compara el desempe帽o del modelo propuesto con la estimaci贸n del VaR obtenida bajo la hip贸tesis multivariada Gaussiana, t-Student y Cauchy durante el per铆odo de la crisis financiera de 2008

    Valor en Riesgo mediante un modelo heteroced谩stico condicional 伪-estable

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    Abstract: The aim of this research is to describe and compare the estimation of Value at Risk (VaR), considering a univariate GARCH model with the innovation of the a-stable distribution. The statistical results suggest that the a-stable VaR model provides more accurate VaR estimations than the traditional Gaussian model, which significantly underestimates VaR in periods of high volatility. In contrast, in the post-crisis period, VaR at 95% under the Gaussian hypothesis shows acceptable results, and that obtained under the a-stable model is below the admissible range. The main contribution of this research is that it proposes an alternative conditional distribution for asset price yields in the Mexican financial market, considering a GARCH model with the innovation of the a-stable distribution. Finally, this research provides evidence that the a-stable VaR model satisfactorily estimates the VaR for high levels of confidence even in periods of high volatility. In contrast, in periods of relative financial tranquility for low confidence levels, this model overestimates potential losses.Resumen: El objetivo de esta investigaci贸n es describir y comparar la estimaci贸n del Valor en Riesgo (VaR), considerando un modelo GARCH univariado con la innovaci贸n de la distribuci贸n 伪-estable. Los resultados estad铆sticos sugieren que el modelo VaR 伪-estable proporciona estimaciones del VaR m谩s precisas que el modelo bajo la hip贸tesis gaussiana, el cual subestima significativamente el VaR en per铆odos de alta volatilidad. Por el contrario, en el per铆odo posterior a la crisis, el VaR al 95% bajo la hip贸tesis gaussiana muestra resultados aceptables y el obtenido bajo el modelo 伪-estable se encuentra por debajo del rango admisible. La principal aportaci贸n de esta investigaci贸n es que propone una distribuci贸n condicional alternativa para los rendimientos de los precios de los activos en el mercado financiero mexicano, considerando un modelo GARCH con la innovaci贸n de la distribuci贸n 伪-estable. Por 煤ltimo, esta investigaci贸n proporciona evidencia de que el modelo VaR 伪-estable estima satisfactoriamente el VaR para niveles altos de confianza incluso en per铆odos de alta volatilidad. En contraste, en per铆odos de relativa tranquilidad para niveles de confianza bajos este modelo sobrestima las p茅rdidas potenciales

    Valor en riesgo en el sector petrolero:: un an谩lisis de la eficiencia en la medici贸n del riesgo de la distribuci贸n 伪-estable versus las distribuciones t-Student generalizada asim茅trica y normal

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    In the oil sector, value at risk (VaR) can be used to quantify as best as possible the maximum oil price changes, because these have an impact on economic activity and finds evidence of its importance in explaining movements in the stock returns (Sadorsky, 1999). With this purpose, in this paper we quantify the VaR of three types of oil (Brent, WTI and MME) and analyze the performance of the one-day VaR estimation by Kupiec test considering GARCH models with three alternative distributions in the innovation process: stable, Student-t generalized and normal in a period of high volatility. The results of the performance evaluation of the model based on the Kupiec statistic indicate that the VaR-stable model is a more robust and accurate model for both confidence levels than those based on the generalized asymmetric and normalized Student t-distributions. This result is crucial in the financial sector, because it directly impacts the provision of reserves necessary to face potential losses.En el sector petrolero, el VaR se ha implementado con el objetivo de cuantificar lo mejor posible los movimientos extremos de los precios del petr贸leo, debido a que estos repercuten la actividad econ贸mica y afectan significativamente los movimientos en el mercado accionario (Sadorsky, 1999). Con este prop贸sito, en esta investigaci贸n cuantificamos el VaR considerando tres tipos de petr贸leo (Brent, WTI y MME) y analizamos el desempe帽o de la estimaci贸n del VaR a un d铆a mediante el estad铆stico de Kupiec considerando modelos GARCH con tres distribuciones alternativas en el proceso de innovaci贸n: estable, t-Student generalizada asim茅trica y normal en un per铆odo de alta volatilidad. Los resultados de la evaluaci贸n de desempe帽o del modelo basado en el estad铆stico de Kupiec se帽alan que el modelo VaR-estable es un modelo m谩s robusto y preciso para ambos niveles de confianza que los basados en las distribuci贸nes t-Student generalizada asim茅trica y normal. Este resultado es crucial en el sector financiero, debido a que impacta directamente en la previsi贸n de reservas necesarias para afrontar potenciales p茅rdidas

    Value-at-risk predictive performance: a comparison between the CaViaR and GARCH models for the MILA and ASEAN-5 stock markets

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    Purpose. This paper tests the accuracies of the models that predict the Value-at-Risk (VaR) for the Market Integrated Latin America (MILA) and Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) emerging stock markets during crisis periods. Design/methodology/approach. Many VaR estimation models have been presented in the literature. In this paper, the VaR is estimated using the Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity, EGARCH and GJR-GARCH models under normal, skewed-normal, Student-t and skewed-Student-t distributional assumptions and compared with the predictive performance of the Conditional Autoregressive Value-at-Risk (CaViaR) considering the four alternative specifications proposed by Engle and Manganelli (2004). Findings. The results support the robustness of the CaViaR model in out-sample VaR forecasting for the MILA and ASEAN-5 emerging stock markets in crisis periods. This evidence is based on the results of the backtesting approach that analyzed the predictive performance of the models according to their accuracy. Originality/value. An important issue in market risk is the inaccurate estimation of risk since different VaR models lead to different risk measures, which means that there is not yet an accepted method for all situations and markets. In particular, quantifying and forecasting the risk for the MILA and ASEAN-5 stock markets is crucial for evaluating global market risk since the MILA is the biggest stock exchange in Latin America and the ASEAN region accounted for 11% of the total global foreign direct investment inflows in 2014. Furthermore, according to the Asian Development Bank, this region is projected to average 7% annual growth by 2025
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