La circulación y su estructura: Período 2003-2009

Presenta la evolución del numerario no sólo en cuanto a su variación en nivel sino también en sus componentes (billetes, monedas, denominaciones) en valor y en unidades, enlazando dicha dinámica con el comportamiento de las principales variables macroeconómicas y financieras.

Transfer learning or design a custom CNN for tactile object recognition

International Workshop on Robotac: New Progress in Tactile Perception and Learning in RoboticsNovel tactile sensors allow treating pressure lectures as standard images due to its highresolution. Therefore, computer vision algorithms such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) can be used to identify objects in contact. In this work, a high-resolution tactile sensor has been attached to a robotic end-effector to identify objects in contact. Moreover, two CNNs-based approaches have been tested in an experiment of classification of pressure images. These methods include a transfer learning approach using a pre-trained CNN on an RGB images dataset and a custom-made CNN trained from scratch with tactile information. A comparative study of performance between them has been carried out.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. Spanish project DPI2015-65186-R, the European Commission under grant agreement BES-2016-078237, the educational project PIE-118 of the University of Malag

Recent Trends and Outlook of the Spanish Energy System

During the last decade the Spanish energy system has become more energy and carbon intensive, and more dependent on external energy resources. The regulation of the electricity market has significantly changed. Two scenarios for the 2030 time horizon are analysed with the POLES-Spain energy model. Under the baseline scenario, the main energy challenges persist even if the energy-GDP intensity reverses its increasing trend. According to a second scenario that assumes significant progress in energy efficiency and higher international energy prices, the energy system undergoes a transformation towards cleaner technologies and renewable energy resourcesJRC.J.2-The economics of climate change, energy and transpor

Spectrophotometric determination of the formation constants of calcium(II) complexes with 2,2'-bipyridyl and 1,10-phenanthroline in acetonitrile

The oxygen-evolving complex (OEC), which consists of a calcium-manganese cluster, is the reaction center of the Photosystem II. At this catalytic site, the water-splitting reaction in dioxygen and hydronium ions occurs. In order to partially reproduce the water splitting process, several studies have reported the synthesis of functional model complexes. Nevertheless, there is a small amount of reports, concerning the spectral behavior of calcium complexes or the calcium role in the cluster. In this work, in order to explore the absorption spectrum of calcium species in acetonitrile, an equilibrium study of the calcium complexes with 2,2'-bipyridyl or 1,10-phenanthroline, was carried out. The formation constants and the calculated electronic spectrum of each complex was obtained by a modified method of continuous variations consisting in a correlation of the experimental spectrophotometric data with the HypSpec software. The values of the formation constants for the calcium(II) complexes with 2,2'-bipyridyl and 1,10-phenanthroline, are Log β110 = 4.39 ± 0.02 and Log β110 = 5.94 ± 0.05, respectively

Ingeniería Basada en Modelos en Prácticas de Robótica

Muñoz-Ramírez, A.J., Fernández-Lozano, J.J. y Gómez-de-Gabriel, J.M. (2015), "Ingeniería Basada en Modelos en Prácticas de Robótica", XXXVI Jornadas de Automática CEA/IFAC, Bilbao 2015.En este artículo se recoge la experiencia de usar una herramienta de desarrollo de ingeniería basada en modelos ó MDE (Model-Driven Engineering) para la realización de clases prácticas de robótica. La principal característica de los enfoques es que se prescinde de la fase de programación, por lo que se puede pasar del diseño a la implementación de manera autom´atica permitiendo dedicar más tiempo a los objetivos del aprendizaje. Para determinar la eficiencia de estas herramientas se ha utilizado una plataforma robótica móvil y se han realizado experimentos con alumnos utilizando Simulink con generación de código de Arduino y se han medido los resultados de manera subjetiva y objetiva.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Design of haptic vibrational feedback control in upper extremity myoelectric prostheses

Current prosthesis systems use haptic technology, have a brain-machine interaction that is dependent on visual feedback from the user, also have limitations by the details of the sense of touch both textures, roughness, weights, and contact forces applied. This research shows the development and implementation of haptic technology in a myoelectric prosthesis of the upper extremity, to simulate the sense of touch in the claw of the prosthesis to obtain a better control in the grip force taking as parameter the reaction and efficiency that the device has in different conditions for the patient to have an improvement in the feedback and the grip force of the prosthesis. For the development of the investigation, the VDI2206 methodology was used, simulating each part of the myoelectric prosthesis in different software for an improvement in the process of signal interpretation. Also by diagramming the motor execution process it facilitates the interpretation of the design. The results of the investigation show an alternative model of the conventional ones contributing with improvements in the signals received by the haptic prosthesis and better ergonomics, in addition, the perceived signals showed a better subjection and sensitivity. From the presented design it is desired to replicate to future research since the presented model can be taken as research material

Evaluación y estimación de los puntos de referencia para la jaiba azul, Callinectes sapidus (Decapoda: Portunidae) del Golfo de México

Background. The Blue crab Callinectes sapidus (Rathbun, 1896) is an important fishery in socio-economic terms for the Mexican waters of the Gulf of Mexico. Despite its relevance, the blue crab has been little studied. Fisheries management generally involves decision-making based on the assessment of population size and dynamics. Goals. Determine the level of exploitation of the Blue crab resource in the Gulf of Mexico using official catch data from 1980 to 2018. Methods. The Catch-Maximum Sustainable Yield (C-MSY) method allows estimation of reference points that can be used for management of a fishery, including Catch at Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY), Biomass associated with MSY (BMSY) and Mortality associated with MSY (FMSY) using limited data. Results. The values of MSY and BMSY found by the C-MSY method were 16,491 t and 27,687 t, respectively. The FMSY value was 0.596, with a k value of 55,374 t, varying between 33,842 and 90,604 t. The highest viable r value of maximum net productivity was equal to 1.19. Conclusions. The results indicate that the blue crab (C. sapidus) fishery in the Gulf of Mexico is at healthy levels, but wich maximum levels of exploitation. To maintain the stock status, it is recommended that catch do not exceed the 14,842 t (0.9 MSY) and/or fishing mortality equal to 0.9 FMSY.Antecedentes. La jaiba azul Callinectes sapidus (Rathbun, 1896) es una pesquería importante en términos socioeconómicos para el Golfo de Mexico. A pesar de su relevancia la jaiba azul ha sido poco estudiada. El manejo pesquero generalmente implica la toma de decisiones basadas en la evaluación del tamaño y la dinámica de la población. Objetivos. Determinar el nivel de explotación de la jaiba azul del Golfo de México utilizando datos oficiales de captura de 1980 a 2018. Métodos. El método de rendimiento máximo sostenible de captura (C-RMS) permite estimar los puntos de referencia que pueden utilizarse para la gestión de una pesquería, incluidas las capturas con rendimiento máximo sostenible (RMS), la biomasa asociada al RMS (BMSY) y la mortalidad asociada al RMS (FMSY) utilizando datos limitados. Resultados. Los valores de RMS y BMSY encontrados por el método C-MSY fueron 16,491 y 27,687 t, respectivamente. El valor de FMSY fue de 0.596, con un valor k de 55,374 t, variando entre 33,842 y 90,604 t. El valor r más alto viable de la productividad neta máxima fue igual a 1.19. Conclusiones. Los resultados indican que la pesquería de jaiba azul (C. sapidus) en el Golfo de México se encuentra en niveles saludables, pero con niveles máximos de explotación. Para mantener la situación de la población, se recomienda que la captura no exceda las 14,842 t (0.9 RMS) y/o una mortalidad por pesca igual a 0.9 FMSY