Factores asociados al componente pedagógico del uso ocupacional del laboratorio de simulación de las facultades de ciencias de la salud en Colombia

Está demostrado en el plano internacional,que la simulación clínica utilizada como estrategiadidáctica para la enseñanza en las ciencias dela salud, aporta grandes beneficios para los docentes,estudiantes y en especial para los pacientescuando se usa de manera adecuada y permanentepor los profesionales en salud; sin embargo no seconoce el grado de utilidad en los programas deciencias de la salud en Colombia. Este estudioexplora la frecuencia, usos y propósitos pedagógicosque se persiguen en los laboratorios de simulaciónclínica con miras a determinar factoresasociados en el uso ocupacional del laboratoriode simulación como herramienta pedagógica parala enseñanza en las facultades de ciencias de lasalud. Se encuestaron 22 laboratorios adscritos ala Asociación Colombiana de Simulación Clínicaen Ciencias de la Salud ACS-CS y pertenecientesa universidades de carácter público y privado,mediante un instrumento que fue validado porexpertos. Los resultados reflejan que esta experienciadebe estar ligada a los currículos o planesacadémicos de cada asignatura que lo necesite;debe capacitar a los docentes por asignaturas enlos equipos y simuladores, para que se conozca latecnología con la que cuenta el laboratorio y quese cree la necesidad de su uso desde el mismodocente que imparte la teorí

Modelo empresarial de competitividad e inclusión de productores de aguacate Hass de pequeña escala en el Valle del Cauca

De acuerdo con las estadísticas de Faostat (2019), entre 2010 y 2017 la producción mundial de aguacate mostró una tendencia de crecimiento equivalente al 6,4 % anual, con un índice de exportación promedio del 28 % del total de aguacates producidos cada año. Esto quiere decir que el incremento de las exportaciones mundiales en el período enunciado fue cercano al 15,3 % anual. A manera de ejemplo, en 2017 se registró una producción mundial de 6,1 millones de toneladas de la fruta, de las cuales se transaron en el mercado internacional 2,1 millones de toneladas

La imagen y la narrativa como herramientas para el abordaje psicosocial en escenarios de violencia.

Este trabajo es el resultado de un análisis reflexivo y analítico sobre la imagen y la narrativa como herramienta para el abordaje psicosocial en escenarios de violencia. La intención principal del trabajo es analizar y valorar eventos psicosociales implicados en las narrativas de las víctimas, argumentando una postura coherente desde la técnica de análisis del relato, en un escenario de violencia. La aproximación conceptual con los enfoques narrativos y la documentación sugerida en el entorno de conocimiento, permite al grupo colaborativo realizar análisis desde la perspectiva narrativa, logrando una retroalimentación colaborativa para la construcción de preguntas aplicadas a los relatos de vida estudiados. El objetivo de este trabajo es principalmente comprender, sensibilizar y reconocer los distintos contextos de violencia a los que la sociedad colombiana ha estado expuesta por más de 60 años de conflicto y los efectos psicológicos que esta ha dejado en la memoria individual y colectiva de un país, un pueblo o una comunidad. Desde una mirada como psicólogos en formación, el acompañamiento e intervención psicosocial, realizar procesos de atención psicológica focalizada a las víctimas, realizar acciones a integrar lo emocional y lo relacional con una comprensión desde la realidad social, no es una tareas sencilla, donde se debe tener presente una acción sin daño tanto individual como colectivo. Este trabajo permite al grupo colaborativo comprender desde la subjetividad las causas, consecuencias y posibles daños psicológicos de las víctimas de la violencia, identificados en los múltiples contextos sociales, emocionales, culturales y políticos, y proponiendo herramientas para el abordaje psicosocial en estos escenarios.This work is the result of a reflexive and analytical analysis, about the image and the narrative as a tool, for the psychosocial approach in scenarios of violence. The main intention of the work is to analyze and evaluate psychosocial events involved in the narratives of the victims, arguing a coherent position from the technique of analysis of the story, in a scenario of violence. The conceptual approach with the narrative approaches and the suggested documentation in the knowledge environment, allows the collaborative group to perform analysis from the narrative perspective, obtaining a collaborative feedback for the construction of questions applied to the life stories studied. The objective of this work is mainly to understand, sensitize and recognize the different contexts of violence to which Colombian society has been exposed for more than 60 years of conflict, and the psychological effects that this has left, in the individual and collective memory of a country, a town or a community. From a perspective like psychologists in formation, the accompaniment and psychosocial intervention, to carry out processes of psychological attention focused on the victims, to carry out actions to integrate the emotional and the relational with an understanding from the social reality, it is not a simple task, where keep in mind an action without harm both individually and collectively. This work allows the collaborative group to understand from the subjectivity the causes, consequences and possible psychological damage of the victims of violence, identified in the multiple social, emotional, cultural and political contexts, and proposing tools for the psychosocial approach in these scenarios

Comparación plan de estudios programa administración de empresas Uniminuto y Columbus State University

Realizar comparaciones entre los modelos educativos enfocándonos en las asignaturas que se enseñan a los estudiantes de la Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios y Columbus State University (CSU), es un proceso que se inicia con el conocimiento de la malla curricular de las dos Universidades para intentar así, identificar cuáles serían las asignaturas con mayor similitud en Columbus, sin embargo los enfoques que se manejan son diferentes, teniendo en cuenta que la demanda y población a la cual se dirigen, por razones económicas, condiciones sociales y características de los estudiantes, como también el mercado laboral que ofrece el entorno

Comparación plan de estudios programa administración de empresas Uniminuto y Columbus State University

Realizar comparaciones entre los modelos educativos enfocándonos en las asignaturas que se enseñan a los estudiantes de la Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios y Columbus State University (CSU), es un proceso que se inicia con el conocimiento de la malla curricular de las dos Universidades para intentar así, identificar cuáles serían las asignaturas con mayor similitud en Columbus, sin embargo los enfoques que se manejan son diferentes, teniendo en cuenta que la demanda y población a la cual se dirigen, por razones económicas, condiciones sociales y características de los estudiantes, como también el mercado laboral que ofrece el entorno

Regulation of Extracellular Protease Production and Its Impact on the Staphylococcus aureus Virulence Factor Repertoire and Pathogenesis

Staphylococcus aureus is an overwhelming pathogen capable of thriving in virtually any tissue of the human body. Thus, it is commonly isolated from a plethora of diseases, ranging from superficial skin infections to deep-seeded, life-threatening infections. From all S. aureus infections, osteomyelitis is one of the most devastating with the high recurrence rates due to the difficulty of achieving full therapeutic effects with antibiotics alone. Chronic infections, like osteomyelitis, are a major clinical problem that requires improved outcomes for the affected individuals. To this end, understanding the pathogenic mechanisms underlying this disease is key to uncover new therapeutic targets that can be used alone or to enhance antibiotic therapy. In this dissertation, changes in the virulence factor repertoire of S. aureus associated with increased production of extracellular proteases in regulatory mutants were studied aiming at identifying loci contributing to virulence either directly, by interacting with the host, or indirectly, by modulating the accumulation of virulence factors through protease-mediated degradation. We demonstrated that virulence in a murine osteomyelitis model can be impacted by means of reduced accumulation of virulence factors due to their decreased production or increased degradation by S. aureus own extracellular proteases. Included among the virulence factors that differed the most in abundance in a manner that correlated with virulence in our osteomyelitis model were FnBPs, Coa, Sbi, Ald1 and an uncharacterized protein. Additionally, as a result of the major role that extracellular proteases play in modulating virulence we studied regulatory mutants that impact protease production in a direct manner aiming at prioritizing loci that warrant further studies and could be exploited as potential therapeutic targets due to their protease-mediated impact on the virulence factor repertoire. We confirmed that sarA plays a predominant role in this regard followed by rot, sarS and mgrA, all of which were found to have a more strain-dependent impact on protease production by comparison to sarA. Lastly, we identified S. aureus proteases that play key roles in different clinically relevant phenotypes, these being aureolysin as main contributor to cytotoxicity to osteoblasts and osteoclast-like cells and staphopains as the contributors defining biofilm formation

Nutrition in cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) crops: What determining factors should be considered?

Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) is an important commercial crop and agricultural commodity worldwide; for some Latin American countries, it is an essential part of export products. In Colombia, this crop has promising conditions to extend and strengthen this agriculture sector. However, their productivity is low under current agricultural practices, mainly due to insufficient modernization and inadequate or no management of their nutritional schemes. This publication  reviewed the different findings currently in the scientific literature regarding the factors that determine the nutritional status of cacao plants, such as the function and distribution of minerals, nutritional efficiency, soil properties, establishment systems, organic and organic and inorganic sources examined. Additionally, it highlighted the importance of using and expanding diagnostic tools to determine nutritional needs and the design of effective programs according to the particular conditions of each region and the genotypes planted. This conceptual journey highlights the existing theoretical and experimental gap in the identification of the factors that determine the nutritional status of the plantations and their effect on the implementation of the fertilization programs used today. Information together provides elements to adequately address this agronomic practice and the economic impact on farmers and the cacao production chain

Intragenic loci within TOMM40 enhances APOE expression in human microglia

Background Previously, we demonstrated that the ancestry‐related risk for Late Onset Alzheimer’s Disease (LOAD) is driven by a local genomic region (termed Local Ancestry; LA) around APOEε4. Furthermore, we showed that in the brain of individuals bearing European LA there is higher expression of APOEε4 compared to those with African LA. In a follow‐up study, utilizing reporter assays and Capture‐C data we located two intronic regions within the European LA, both in the TOMM40 gene (named B10 and B13), that increased APOE expression in microglia and astrocytes. In this study, we sought to validate their regulatory role in APOE expression using CRISPR interference/activation (CRISPRi/a). Method Human Microglial Clone 3 (HMC3) CRISPRi/a lines were produced by transducing inducible dCas9‐VP64 (Activation), dCas9‐KRAB (Interference) or dCas9 (control) using lentiviral vectors. To direct the dCas9 constructs to our regions of interest, we generated multiplex vectors that encode 4 short‐guide RNAs (sgRNAs) targeting either B10 or B13. We used 4 different sgRNAs in each case to ensure full‐length coverage of the tested regions (∼850bp size). An empty multiplex vector was used as a control. We then transduced either of the multiplex vectors into the HMC3 CRISPRi/a lines. We induced expression of the dCas9 constructs for 2 or 6 days with Doxycycline (2ug/ml). RNA was extracted and the expression of APOE and TOMM40 was measured by qRT‐PCR. Result APOE expression significantly increased when targeting B10 or B13 (p=0.001; p=0.003 respectively) with dCas9‐VP64 after 2 days of Doxycycline treatment. Six days after treatment the significance persisted only when targeting B10 (p=0.01). No significant changes in APOE expression were observed in the cells bearing the dCas9‐KRAB presumably due to low endogenous APOE levels. Expression of TOMM40 did not vary under any treatment. Conclusion These preliminary results support our previous findings that regions B10 and B13 may act as regulators for APOE expression as demonstrated by the elevation of ApoE expression when targeting an activator to these regions. The expression of TOMM40 did not vary across cell lines in the evaluated time points supporting that the effect observed is specific for APOE

Using Oligodendrocytes for studies in Alzheimer disease

Background Genomic regulatory architecture (GRA) has been primarily studied in European ancestry. As part of the functional Consortium of the Alzheimer Disease Sequencing Project, we are determining the GRA in African and Amerindian ancestries. Oligodendrocytes (OLs) are the largest glial population in the adult central nervous system. While their main role is to support neuronal metabolism and connectivity, few studies have examined their importance in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), despite reports of low numbers of oligodendrocytes and reduced myelin in the early stages of AD and a demonstrated role of myelinating oligodendrocytes in learning and memory. Several studies have reported the derivation of OLs from pluripotent cells, such as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) to be challenging. Here, we optimized a protocol to derive oligodendrocytes from iPSC for studies in AD patients with different ancestries and how ancestry‐specific genomic differences drive the onset and pathogenesis of AD. Method iPSC lines derived from AD patients were cultured and differentiated into oligodendrocytes using different induction media, as well as different seeding densities. The cells in each treatment were compared at multiple time points using immunocytochemistry (ICC) and qRT‐PCR for oligodendroglia lineage markers with the goal of identifying the culture conditions that increase the yield of O4+ cells and myelinating oligodendrocytes. Result Our results showed that increasing the initial seeding density positively correlates with the number of Olig2+ cells that subsequently transitioned into mature O4+ cells capable of producing myelin. Additionally, we showed that the addition of N2 supplement to the induction media was necessary to maintain the cell viability during the initial stage of differentiation. Conclusion We have optimized a protocol to derive OLs from human iPSC lines. We determined that both the seeding density and the media supplements used during the initial stage of differentiation directly influence viability and, consequently the amount Olig2+ cells that could be obtained to be terminally differentiated into O4+ and myelinating cells. Our optimized protocol will be used to evaluate the GRA and functionality of potential GWAS driving loci in cultured oligodendrocytes from individuals of African and Amerindian ancestries

Deciphering the Genomic Regulatory Architecture of iPSC Derived Oligodendrocytes from Diverse Ancestries for Alzheimer’s Disease Studies

Abstract Background The effect of variants associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) can be influenced by ancestry, which determines the genomic regulatory architecture (GRA). A global understanding of GRA in the context of AD is imperative to interpret the variability associated with AD risk genes across populations. Most studies up to date have focused on studying GRA in European ancestry, in this study we aimed at determining the GRA in African, Amerindian, and European ancestries. Since GRA is cell specific, we developed a human induced pluripotent cells (hiPSC) based model for oligodendrocytes (OLs), a cell type which has limited studies focused on AD. Method Cells from AD patients or non‐cognitively impaired controls with >90% of either Amerindian, African or European global ancestry were differentiated using a modified multi‐stage protocol that promotes the development and enrichment of oligodendrocytes in neural spheroids. After terminal differentiation, cells were collected and lysed to isolate nuclei for Multiomic profiling of chromatin accessibility and transcriptome using Single Cell ATAC and Single Cell RNA‐seq. Additionally, we examined chromatin interactions using Hi‐C analyses. Result We identified oligodendrocyte lineage cells at different stages of development ranging from dividing cells with transcriptional profiles consistent with those of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPC) to mature myelinating oligodendrocytes. We compared the oligodendrocytes clusters across ancestries, cases versus controls and APOE genotypes to characterize the genomic landmarks and signatures associated with AD related GWAS loci. Astrocytes and neurons were also derived within our 3D spheroids, allowing us to study ancestry‐related cell type specific changes in GRA. Conclusion Our results provide ancestry‐specific insights into oligodendrocyte chromatin structure and gene regulation in the context of AD. These results offer an integrated view of the GRA of a previously overlooked cell lineage that constitute a large population in the central nervous system and is compromised during AD in terms of abundance and function. This will expand the available functional resources for gene identification studies in African American and Hispanic/Latino studies