On the Relationship Between North India Summer Monsoon Rainfall and East Equatorial Indian Ocean Warming

Generally, a strong north India summer-monsoon rainfall (NISR) is associated with anomalous upper troposphere ridge over northwest of India. This ridge triggers anomalous northerly winds over Tibetan Plateau and easterlies over India. The easterly anomaly over India reduces the tropospheric wind shear, while the northerly at Tibetan plateau allows frequent intrusions of high-latitude dry and cold meridional winds to interact with the lower-level relatively warm and moist easterly monsoonal flow, enhancing the NISR. The current study, using a suite of observations, reanalysis products and numerical model sensitivity experiments, explores the changes in NISR, and its association with the warming in the equatorial Indian Ocean. In the recent two decades (1996-2017), the NISR has been exhibiting a decreasing trend with increased variability, much larger than the earlier period (1979-2000). A possible reason for this is due to the rise in warm sea surface temperature (SST) observed in the east equatorial Indian ocean, which shows a negative correlation to NISR. The current analysis indicates that the warmer SST induce strong convection and associated northward propagating off-equatorial Rossby gyres to the west of the equatorial eastern Indian ocean, spreading the tropospheric heating towards the northeast of India, thereby elevating the geopotential height. This creates upper troposphere low pressure anomaly at the northwest of India. These factors are consistent with the suppression of the NISR, resulting in the observed decreasing trend in the recent decade

OCT Findings in Myopic Traction Maculopathy

The prevalence of myopia is constantly on a rise. Patients with high myopia and pathological myopia can lose vision due to a number of degenerative changes occurring at the macula. With recent advances in imaging techniques such as spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) and swept-source OCT, our understanding of macular pathology in myopia has improved significantly. New conditions such as myopic traction maculopathy have been identified and defined. Treatment approaches are now being planned on the basis of the pathoanatomy of myopic traction maculopathy on OCT. In this chapter, we discuss the role of OCT imaging in myopic traction maculopathy

Torpedo Retinopathy

Purpose: Torpedo lesions in the retina are rare. This study aimed to investigate torpedoshaped lesions in the retina in an adult population and to determine the spectrum and features of the disease. Methods: The review of a database for clinical diagnosis identified nine patients who were diagnosed with torpedo-shaped lesions in the retina between June 2017 and February 2019. Fundus photography and optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging were used to analyze the cases. Multicolor imaging was also performed. Results: Nine patients with torpedo-shaped lesions in the fundus were identified. Fundus images revealed that the lesion involved the macula in six eyes; in the remaining three eyes, the lesion was present outside the macula. OCT identified six patients with type 1 torpedo lesions, one with type 2, and two with type 3. On multicolor imaging, the lesion was visualized as a region of increased reflectance in blue, green, and infrared light in all eyes, with notably increased infrared reflectance in eyes with focal choroidal excavation. Choroidal neovascular membrane was evident in one patient on OCT angiography. Conclusion: Torpedo lesions in the retina can occur away from the macula and exhibit features similar to those of torpedo maculopathy. As such, the authors propose a change in the nomenclature for torpedo lesions in the retina from “torpedo maculopathy” to “torpedo retinopathy.

OPTIMIZATION OF MILLING PROCESS PARAMETERS OF HSS USING TAGUCHI PARAMETER DESIGN APPROACH

Manufacturing endeavors to produce high quality products at a lower cost to remain competitive in the market. Products can be manufactured using different manufacturing methods, such as machines, etc. Grinding is one of the most common processing processes used in surface making by faster removal of materials and good surface quality. The basic objective of metal cutting is to solve practical problems related to effective and accurate removal of metals from the workpiece. It has been recognized that reliable quantitative predictions of different technological performance measures, preferably in the form of comparisons, are necessary to develop improvement strategies for selecting cutting conditions in the planning of operations. In this thesis, experiments will be conducted to improve the quality of aluminum alloy working surface using carbide tips. The type is the nose tip of the bull. A series of experiments will be performed by changing the cutter parameters, speed, feed rate and cut depth. The speed is 800 rpm, 1000 rpm and 1200rpm. Application rates are 150mm / min, 200mm / min and 250mm / min. The cutting depth is 0.5mm, 1.0mm, and 1.5mm. The Taguchi method is used to determine the effect of process parameters and to determine the relationship between speed, feed and cut depth in relation to the large machining factor, surface finish. Micro-validation checks appear to be good under the agreement with experimental data

NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: ENHANCING COMMUNICATION AND UNDERSTANDING

NPL is one of the AI models that have changed the course of AI by including natural language processing abilities. Thus, the study has discussed the possibilities of NPL in order to enhance communication and understanding. In addition, related questions and objectives were discussed based on the topic in the introduction part. Literature Review- Here, clear challenges and possibilities of natural language processing have been provided through analyses of previous works and critical debates in the literature review. Additionally, studies have developed fresh viewpoints based on literary data. Methodology- The paper includes a theoretical debate based on “The Situated Theory of Language”. Additionally, a thematic analysis based on the elements that influenced the research's development was offered. Findings and Analysis- It was noted that the implication of sentimental analysis and consumer perspective was found to be beneficial for the NPL implication at a mass level. Discussion- The study's discussion section covered each of the study's results in detail and also included a separate discussion of the findings. Conclusion- The analytical section concludes the overall analysis. A summary of the study's overall results is also provide

Genomic Tools to Accelerate Improvement in Okra (<em>Abelmoschus esculentus</em>)

Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench), is an important vegetable crop with limited studies on genomics. It is considered as an essential constituent for balanced food due to its dietary fibers, amino-acid and vitamins. It is most widely cultivated for its pods throughout Asia and Africa. Most of the okra cultivation is done exclusively in the developing countries of Asia and Africa with very poor productivity. India ranks first in the world with a production of 6.3 million MT (72% of the total world production). Cultivated okra is mostly susceptible to a large number of begomoviruses. Yellow vein mosaic disease (YVMD) caused by Yellow vein mosaic virus (YVMV) of genus Begomovirus (family Geminiviridae) results in the serious losses in okra cultivation. Symptoms of YVMD are chlorosis and yellowing of veins and veinlets at various levels, small size leaves, lesser and smaller fruits, and stunting growth. The loss in yield, due to YVMD in okra was found ranging from 30 to 100% depending on the age of the plant at the time of infection. Exploitation of biotechnological tools in okra improvement programmes is often restricted, due to the non availability of abundant polymorphic molecular markers and defined genetic maps. Moreover, okra genome is allopolyploid in nature and possess a large number of chromosomes (2n = 56–196) which makes it more complicated. Genomics tools like RNA- seq. for transcriptome analysis has emerged as a powerful tool to identify novel transcript/gene sequences in non-model plants like okra

In vitro investigation of phytochemicals, Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective activity of Selaginella bryopteris

The present study investigated the total phenolic content, free radical scavenging activity and hepatoprotective effect of Selaginella bryopteris (SB) against acetaminophen (APAP) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced hepatotoxicity on HepG2 cell lines. The preliminary phytochemicals screening of SB aqueous and ethanolic extract confirmed the presence of phytochemical constituents and total phenolic contents. Both extracts exhibited radical scavenging activities in dose dependent manner (100-500 μg/mL). The maximum concentration (500 μg/mL) showed highest DPPH, ABTS and H2O2 free radical scavenging activity in ethanolic extract of SB followed by aqueous extract. Hepatoprotective activity was assessed by MTT assay which confirmed that SB extracts at three doses (25μg/mL, 50μg/mL and 100μg/mL) appeared to have considerable cellular protection (72- 88%) against CCl4 and APAP induced toxicity in HepG2 cell line in dose-dependent manner. At 100μg/mL, the cell viability rate was found to be higher in SB ethanolic extract compared to the aqueous extract. No adverse effect was observed in the SB treated HepG2 cell line. LDH leakage assay also confirmed that SB extract significantly reduced the level of cellular LDH leakage into the cell culture medium. The results indicate that Selaginella bryopteris extract has significant hepatoprotective activity against APAP and CCL4-inducedtoxicity which might be due to its free radical scavenging activity