Variability of lightning, convective rain and solar activity study over South/Southeast Asia during ENSO episode for the period of 1998-2010

Abstract Analysis of monthly mean data of lightning and convective rain for the region 8° N - 35° N, 60° E - 120° E and for the period 1998-2010 show that lightning and convective rain are not significantly influenced by solar parameters such as sunspot number, total solar irradiance (TSI) and solar radio flux whereas CAPE anomaly and temperature anomaly have significant impact on the total lightning flash rate and convective rain during ENSO periods. Further no significant relation between cosmic ray flux and total lightning flash rate during La Niña period is obtained. On the other hand, for the El Niño period and for the total period, we get statistically some significant negative correlation between cosmic ray flux and total lightning flash rate. However, it is not possible to make any comment on the general relation between cosmic ray flux and total lightning flash rate due to contaminating global effects, regional effects and cloud microphysics. In the monthly variation of the parameters, temperature anomaly can be used as a proxy for the total lightning flash rate for the region under consideration. Most of the variation in ozone during the ENSO period is due to lightning. In the region considered here, role of aerosols in producing lightning and rainfall is quite comparable during La Niña period. On the other hand, aerosols contribute more towards production of lightning than producing rain during El Niño due to changes in cloud microphysics and cloud electrification

Evaluation of indigenous marine periphytic Amphora, Navicula and Cymbella grown on substrate as feed supplement in Penaeus monodon postlarval hatchery system

Three isolated marine diatoms (Amphora, Navicula and Cymbella) grown on substrate were evaluated as feed supplement for Penaeus monodon postlarvae (PL) in hatchery system for a period of 19 days without changing water. Specific growth rate (day)1) (0.27 ± 0.0) and survival (%) (56.3 ± 1.8) of PLs were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in treatment tanks when compared with the control (0.20 ± 0.0; 36.0 ± 1.5, respectively). Shrimp PLs reared in substrate-based tanks had significantly higher (P < 0.05) levels of protein, lipid (521.0 ± 7.0; 304.0 ± 2 g kg)1 dry weight, respectively), ecosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)(189.0 ± 2.0; 176.0 ± 2 g kg)1 of total fatty acid, respectively) than the control (435.0 ± 22.0; 258.0 ± 22 g kg)1 dry weight; 172.0 ± 5.0; 152 ± 2 g kg)1 total fatty acid, respectively). The periphytic diatoms contained protein and lipid (430–490; 230–260 g kg)1 dry weight, respectively), EPA (30–150 g kg)1 of total fatty acids), DHA (20–30 g kg)1 of total fatty acids) and nine essential amino acids. The results showed that isolated marine periphytic diatoms grown on substrate could be used as feed supplement in enhancing the growth and survival of P. monodon postlarvae

Monofunctional bidentate schiff base complexes of ruthenium(III) containing triphenylphosphine or triphenylarsine

1079-1082The synthesis and characterisation of several hexacoordinated ruthenium(III) schiff base complexes of the type [RuX2(EPh3)2(LL')] (E = P or As; X = Cl or Br and LL' = anion of the schiff bases derived from salicylaldehyde with aniline, o-toluidine, m- toluidine and p-toluidine) are reported. IR, EPR, electronic spectra and cyclic voltammetric data of the complexes are discussed. An octahedral geometry has been proposed for all the complexes

In Vitro Antioxidant Activity and Hepatoprotective Effects of Lentinula edodes against Paracetamol-Induced Hepatotoxicity

Background: The objective of this study was to investigate the antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of methanolic extracts of L. edodes and the determination of their total phenolics content. Results: The amount of total phenolics was estimated to be 70.83 mg Gallic Acid Equivalent (GAE) per gram of dry extract. The antioxidant activity of the L. edodes extract was 39.0% at a concentration of 1 mg/mL and was also concentration dependant, with an EC50 value of 4.4 mg/mL. Different groups of animals (Wister albino mice) were administered paracetamol (1 g/kg, p.o.). L. edodes extract at a dose of 200 mg/kg was administered to the paracetamol treated mice for seven days. The effects of L. edodes extract on serum transaminases (SGOT, SGPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and bilirubin were measured in the paracetamol-induced hepatotoxic mice. L. edodes extract produced significant (p &lt; 0.05) hepatoprotective effects by decreasing the activity of serum enzymes and bilirubin. Conclusions: From these results, it was suggested that L. edodes extract could perhaps protect liver cells from paracetamol-induced liver damage by its antioxidative effect on hepatocytes, hence diminishing or eliminating the harmful effects of toxic metabolites of paracetamol

Assessment of hashtag Covid in social media

Introduction: The time of Covid pandemic had mandated most of the people to be distanced individually and connected through social medias. The social medias serve as a medium to communicate about covid related issues without any barriers and assures maximum reachability Objectives: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the pattern of posts which is shared via covid-related posts and to assess the characteristics of the posts under hashtags about this worldwide pandemic among three social media platforms, namely, Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study which analysed# covid posts in Instagram, Facebook, and Twitter. Public posts related to that were searched and assessed separately. Source, popularity, credibility, type, background and other characteristics were assessed about each postwas assessed. Results: Out of 3600 posts, 3120(86.7%) were related to the study. Instagram displayed more of individual posts (40.2%) and more popular (50.4%) with positive perception (42.1%) and more credible (45.4%)compared to other social media. Also, Instagram posts were more frequent (54%) and related with the subject (42%) in comparison to other social medias.Among the credible posts 79.4% were sourced by individual, 87.5% with positive perception, 80.7% awareness related and 81.3% were images. Conclusion: The study showed that the subject covid pandemic were supported and promoted by social media mainly through images and most of the posts were popular with credibility. Also, the posts were mostly related to awareness and positively perceived by the viewers. Instagram showed more popular, individual sourced, credible, positively perceived, awareness related posts among the related posts in the study