INFLUENCE OF FUNDING ACTIVITY AS ACOMPONENT OF SANITATION FINANCING PROGRAM ON COMMUNITY LIVELIHOOD IN URBAN INFORMAL SETTLEMENT OF OBUNGA, KISUMU COUNTY, KENYA

The study sought to investigate the influence of funding activities as a component of sanitation financing programme on community livelihood in urban informal settlements of Kisumu County, Kenya. The purpose of the study was to assess the influence of funding activities on community livelihood in urban informal settlement of Obunga, Kisumu County Kenya. The study adopted inferential analysis and descriptive survey research design with sample size of 384 households and 10 key informants. The study sample was obtained through stratified simple random, and purposive sampling strategies. Quantitative data was analysed using means, standard deviations, frequencies, and percentages. Qualitative data was transcribed and analysed in emergent themes and sub-themes. Results were interpreted and requisite recommendations made. According to the results, there is a statistically significant positive correlation between funding activities and community livelihood (p < 0.05). Coefficient of determination showed that funding activities accounted for 24.1% of the changes in community livelihood. Findings from the study established that there was statistically significant correlation between funding activities as a component of sanitation financing program and community livelihood. The study recommends the funding activity should be sustained in the sanitation financing program for purposes of improving community livelihood .The study concluded that investing in funding activities of sanitation financing programme in Obunga urban informal settlement of Kisumu County, Kenya has a positive influence on community livelihood. The study calls for further research on the influence of funding activities as a component of sanitation financing program on community livelihood using other predictors of community livelihood as well as influence of sanitation financing program on community livelihood; a comparison between formal and informal urban settlements.  Article visualizations

Discutindo agricultura de precisão - aspectos gerais.

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Water-Energy Nexus in Saudi Arabia

Water and energy systems have often been treated as separate "silo" systems over the entire pathway from production to consumption. However, their close interdependence requires some perspective of the water-energy nexus (WEN), especially in regions with very high water stresses combined with a myriad of rapid changes in resource production and consumption. This work provides a comprehensive analysis of the interdependence of water and energy in Saudi Arabia, including collecting data to map out energy and water consumption across the Kingdom. By combining and cross-referencing numerous data sources, this work creates the first country-wide Sankey diagram describing the interdependence of water and energy use in the Kingdom, and provides the most comprehensive mapping of power plant type and size. Additionally, this work reviews the energy and water industries, including outlining trends in population, urbanization, natural gas, oil, electricity, desalination, water use in energy production, and energy use in water production. Overall, a clear pattern has emerged: converging trends of rapid population increases, dwindling water resources, and rapidly growing desalination means that water use must be one of the primary driver of resource planning in Saudi, and plans to shift energy production to reduce GHG emissions must include water needs

Activated carbon from polyurethane residues as molecular sieves for kinetic adsorption/separation of CO2/CH4

Activated carbon-based molecular sieves were synthetized, characterized and their kinetics of adsorption were evaluated to be used in separation processes of CO2/CH4 mixtures. Polyurethane (PU) foams were used as carbon precursors and the PU-derived carbons were physical activated with CO2. All the samples present a preferential adsorption of CO2 over methane in kinetic adsorption experiments. Samples activated at 800 ºC during 6 h exhibited the highest selectivity due to the absence of methane adsorption at lower resident times, which makes those samples very interesting for industrial processes of natural gas purification. Kinetic studies were performed to explain the kinetic profiles obtained, confirming that in the samples with smallest pore size, intraparticle diffusion was the limiting step, evidencing that certain oxygen groups favour CO2 adsorption, whereas adsorption was the limiting step in the samples with wider pores.This research was funded by MINECO (MAT2016-80285-p), GV (PROMETEOII/2014/004), H2020 (MSCA-RISE-2016/NanoMed Project). Financial support from the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq-Brazil) is also acknowledged

Understanding the information needs of public health practitioners: A literature review to inform design of an interactive digital knowledge management system

AbstractThe need for rapid access to information to support critical decisions in public health cannot be disputed; however, development of such systems requires an understanding of the actual information needs of public health professionals. This paper reports the results of a literature review focused on the information needs of public health professionals. The authors reviewed the public health literature to answer the following questions: (1) What are the information needs of public health professionals? (2) In what ways are those needs being met? (3) What are the barriers to meeting those needs? (4) What is the role of the Internet in meeting information needs? The review was undertaken in order to develop system requirements to inform the design and development of an interactive digital knowledge management system. The goal of the system is to support the collection, management, and retrieval of public health documents, data, learning objects, and tools.Method:The search method extended beyond traditional information resources, such as bibliographic databases, tables of contents (TOC), and bibliographies, to include information resources public health practitioners routinely use or have need to use—for example, grey literature, government reports, Internet-based publications, and meeting abstracts.Results:Although few formal studies of information needs and information-seeking behaviors of public health professionals have been reported, the literature consistently indicated a critical need for comprehensive, coordinated, and accessible information to meet the needs of the public health workforce. Major barriers to information access include time, resource reliability, trustworthiness/credibility of information, and “information overload”.Conclusions:Utilizing a novel search method that included the diversity of information resources public health practitioners use, has produced a richer and more useful picture of the information needs of the public health workforce than other literature reviews. There is a critical need for public health digital knowledge management systems designed to reflect the diversity of public health activities, to enable human communications, and to provide multiple access points to critical information resources. Public health librarians and other information specialists can serve a significant role in helping public health professionals meet their information needs through the development of evidence-based decision support systems, human-mediated expert searching and training in the use information retrieval systems

Exclusive measurement of coherent eta photoproduction from the deuteron

Coherent photoproduction of eta mesons from the deuteron has been measured from threshold up to incident photon energies of 750 MeV using the photon spectrometer TAPS at the tagged photon facility at the Mainz microtron MAMI. For the first time, differential coherent cross sections have been deduced from the coincident detection of the eta meson and the recoil deuteron. A missing energy analysis was used for the suppression of background events so that a very clean identification of coherent eta-photoproduction was achieved. The resulting cross sections agree with previous experimental results except for angles around 90 deg in the photon-deuteron cm-system where they are smaller. They are compared to various model calculations.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

Small-angle X-ray Scattering Studies of the Oligomeric State and Quaternary Structure of the Trifunctional Proline Utilization A (PutA) Flavoprotein from \u3ci\u3eEscherichia coli\u3c/i\u3e

Background: Trifunctional proline utilization A (PutA) proteins are multifunctional flavoproteins that catalyze two reactions and repress transcription of the put regulon. Results: PutA from Escherichia coli is a V-shaped dimer, with the DNA-binding domain mediating dimerization. Conclusion: Oligomeric state and quaternary structures are not conserved by PutAs. Significance: The first three-dimensional structural information for any trifunctional PutA is reported

Small-angle X-ray Scattering Studies of the Oligomeric State and Quaternary Structure of the Trifunctional Proline Utilization A (PutA) Flavoprotein from \u3ci\u3eEscherichia coli\u3c/i\u3e

Background: Trifunctional proline utilization A (PutA) proteins are multifunctional flavoproteins that catalyze two reactions and repress transcription of the put regulon. Results: PutA from Escherichia coli is a V-shaped dimer, with the DNA-binding domain mediating dimerization. Conclusion: Oligomeric state and quaternary structures are not conserved by PutAs. Significance: The first three-dimensional structural information for any trifunctional PutA is reported