Sistematización de la asistencia de enfermería: enfoque en un paciente portador de úlcera venosa. Estudio de caso.

Venous ulcers account for about 70% to 90% of leg ulcer cases and are associated with chronic venous insufficiency. The study was aimed to demonstrate the importance of nursing care towards patients with venous ulcers. The case study was developed in a hospital in Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil, during the month of March 2010, with a patient with venous insufficiency and venous ulcers in the left leg. To obtain the data the Systematization of Nursing Care (SNC) was used as a basis. An Interview was performed with the patient and attendant, with consultations to medical records and the physical examination of the patient, who was informed about the objectives and importance of the study. The problems were raised and identified following nursing diagnoses according to NANDA Taxonomy 2007-2008: impaired tissular integrity related to impaired circulation and mechanical factors, impaired ambulation related to cognitive impairment, neuromuscular and musculoskeletal and muscular strength insufficient; chronic pain related to chronic physical disability, anxiety related to impaired health; and body image disturbance in connection with the injury. Later were planned nursing interventions. It is essential to the role of nurse care to patients with venous ulcers because it is a chronic disease with a slow recovery and with the possibility of recurrence and potential major implications for the patient's life.Las úlceras venosas representan cerca de 70% a 90% de los casos de úlceras de pierna, estando asociadas a la insuficiencia venosa crónica. El estudio tuvo como objetivo demostrar la importancia de la asistencia de enfermería al paciente portador de úlcera venosa. Estudio de caso, desarrollado en una institución hospitalaria, en Fortaleza-Ceará-Brasil, durante el mes de marzo de 2010, con un paciente portador de insuficiencia venosa, presentando úlcera venosa en miembro inferior izquierdo. Para la obtención de los datos se utilizó como base la Sistematización de la Asistencia de Enfermería (SAE). Fue realizada la entrevista con el paciente y acompañante, consulta al prontuario y examen físico del paciente, siendo este aclarado en cuanto a los objetivos e importancia del estudio. Fueron levantados los problemas e identificados los siguientes diagnósticos de enfermería según la Taxonomía de la NANDA 2007-2008: integridad tisular perjudicada relacionada a la circulación afectada y factores mecánicos; deambulación afectada relacionada a perjuicio cognitivo, neuromuscular y musculo-esquelético y fuerza muscular insuficiente; dolor crónico relacionado con incapacidad física crónica; ansiedad relacionada con estado de salud afectado; y disturbio en la imagen corporal relacionado con lesión. Posteriormente fueron planificadas las intervenciones de enfermería. Es fundamental el papel de la enfermería en los cuidados al paciente portador de úlcera venosa, por tratarse de una enfermedad crónica, con recuperación lenta, con posibilidad de recidivas e implicaciones importantes en la vida del paciente

Epidemiology of falls in older adults in Brazil: an integrative literature review

OBJECTIVE: To conduct an integrative literature review on epidemiology of falls in older adults in Brazil, seeking to identify occurrence rate, recurrence, and potentially modifiable factors associated with these events. METHOD: This literature review consisted of searching the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), and Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information (LILACS) databases for scientific articles on November 14, 2017. The following keywords were used for finding articles: “accidental falls,” AND/OR “elderly,” AND/OR “Brazil.” Epidemiological data were collected from primary studies and then compared. RESULTS: Thirty-five studies were selected. Most of them were performed in the Brazilian Southeast (15) and South (11) regions. The occurrence rate of falls ranged from 10.7 to 59.3%. The most common setting for falls was the home during daytime. The most commonly described circumstances were tripping, slipping, dizziness, and uneven flooring, resulting in falling from one's own height. The factors most frequently associated with falls were female sex, age greater than 80 years, cognitive impairment, and depressive symptoms. The reported consequences were fractures and fear of falling again. CONCLUSION: As some factors associated with falls in older adults in Brazil are modifiable, fall prevention may reduce morbidity and mortality in this population.</p

Repercussões da radioterapia na região orofacial e seu tratamento

A radioterapia em região de cabeça e pescoço provoca inúmeras sequelas ao paciente irradiado, afetando o sistema estomatognático e com repercussões sistêmicas importantes. As sequelas da radiação ionizante podem ser extensas e, algumas vezes, permanentes, em especial nas glândulas salivares e no tecido ósseo. É relevante que o cirurgião dentista tenha conhecimento das reações adversas e das formas adequadas de prevenção e tratamento para amenizar o desconforto e melhorar a condição de vida do paciente irradiado. Portanto, a conscientização e motivação deste paciente, com a promoção de saúde oral através da adequação do meio bucal e orientações sobre ações preventivas, são essenciais para se obter o melhor prognóstico

AMAZONIA CAMTRAP: A data set of mammal, bird, and reptile species recorded with camera traps in the Amazon forest

The Amazon forest has the highest biodiversity on Earth. However, information on Amazonian vertebrate diversity is still deficient and scattered across the published, peer-reviewed, and gray literature and in unpublished raw data. Camera traps are an effective non-invasive method of surveying vertebrates, applicable to different scales of time and space. In this study, we organized and standardized camera trap records from different Amazon regions to compile the most extensive data set of inventories of mammal, bird, and reptile species ever assembled for the area. The complete data set comprises 154,123 records of 317 species (185 birds, 119 mammals, and 13 reptiles) gathered from surveys from the Amazonian portion of eight countries (Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela). The most frequently recorded species per taxa were: mammals: Cuniculus paca (11,907 records); birds: Pauxi tuberosa (3713 records); and reptiles: Tupinambis teguixin (716 records). The information detailed in this data paper opens up opportunities for new ecological studies at different spatial and temporal scales, allowing for a more accurate evaluation of the effects of habitat loss, fragmentation, climate change, and other human-mediated defaunation processes in one of the most important and threatened tropical environments in the world. The data set is not copyright restricted; please cite this data paper when using its data in publications and we also request that researchers and educators inform us of how they are using these data

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data