A prevalência de casos de fibrose e cirrose hepática na população brasileira no período entre 2014 a 2018 / The prevalence of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis cases in the brazilian population from 2014 to 2018

A fibrose hepática é caracterizada por danos subsequentes no fígado gerando cicatriz. O estimulo nocivo leva a inflamação, promovendo desorganização da arquitetura tecidual, e por fim disfunção hepática. O diagnóstico é primordialmente morfológico, pela análise histológica da biópsia do fígado. O diagnóstico precoce mostrou-se importante, visto a melhor resposta terapêutica dos pacientes na fase inicial. O avanço da fibrose para cirrose hepática é dinâmico, tendo diversas etiologias e complicações associadas. Na clínica, a CH é dividida em compensada e descompensada, dependendo das complicações secundárias à hipertensão portal e insuficiência hepática. Na compensada, nota-se pouco ou nenhum sinal e sintoma e as principais manifestações são inespecíficas. Já a descompensada, apresenta complicações como hemorragia digestiva alta, encefalopatia hepática, ascite e peritonite bacteriana espontânea. Além destas complicações, também são consideradas síndrome hepatorrenal e carcinoma hepatocelular. Com base no DATASUS, foi possivel avaliar epidemiologicamente as alterações hepáticas na população brasileira, sendo possível destacar uma maior prevalência na região sudeste, e no sexo masculino, estando relacionado a fatores históricos e socioeconômico. Vale ressaltar que a frequência de casos se manteve nos anos seguintes. Neste sentido, o estudo visa contribuir para direcionar medidas políticas de promoção e prevenção das diferentes causas das alterações hepáticas analisadas

Resolvin RvD2 reduces hypothalamic inflammation and rescues mice from diet-induced obesity

Abstract Background Diet-induced hypothalamic inflammation is an important mechanism leading to dysfunction of neurons involved in controlling body mass. Studies have shown that polyunsaturated fats can reduce hypothalamic inflammation. Here, we evaluated the presence and function of RvD2, a resolvin produced from docosahexaenoic acid, in the hypothalamus of mice. Methods Male Swiss mice were fed either chow or a high-fat diet. RvD2 receptor and synthetic enzymes were evaluated by real-time PCR and immunofluorescence. RvD2 was determined by mass spectrometry. Dietary and pharmacological approaches were used to modulate the RvD2 system in the hypothalamus, and metabolic phenotype consequences were determined. Results All enzymes involved in the synthesis of RvD2 were detected in the hypothalamus and were modulated in response to the consumption of dietary saturated fats, leading to a reduction of hypothalamic RvD2. GPR18, the receptor for RvD2, which was detected in POMC and NPY neurons, was also modulated by dietary fats. The substitution of saturated by polyunsaturated fats in the diet resulted in increased hypothalamic RvD2, which was accompanied by reduced body mass and improved glucose tolerance. The intracerebroventricular treatment with docosahexaenoic acid resulted in increased expression of the RvD2 synthetic enzymes, increased expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines and improved metabolic phenotype. Finally, intracerebroventricular treatment with RvD2 resulted in reduced adiposity, improved glucose tolerance and increased hypothalamic expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Conclusions Thus, RvD2 is produced in the hypothalamus, and its receptor and synthetic enzymes are modulated by dietary fats. The improved metabolic outcomes of RvD2 make this substance an attractive approach to treat obesity

Additional file 1: Figure S1. of Resolvin RvD2 reduces hypothalamic inflammation and rescues mice from diet-induced obesity

Six-week-old, male Swiss mice were stereotaxically instrumented in a Stoelting stereotaxic apparatus to receive a cannula placed in the lateral hypothalamic ventricle, using the following stereotaxic coordinates: anteroposterior 0.34 mm, lateral 1.0 mm, and dorsoventral 2.2 mm. The correct position of the cannula was tested 5 days after surgery by evaluation of the thirst response elicited by intracerebroventricular (icv) angiotensin II (106 M). After 1 week, icv-cannulated mice were transferred to the high-fat diet and treated once a day for 3 days with 2 μL of saline (CTR) or 2 μL of DHA (5, 10 or 20 ng). Caloric intake and body mass were determined during the experimental period. At the end of the experimental period, the hypothalamus was obtained for real-time PCR quantitative determination of the transcripts encoding for PLA2 (A), 15-LOX (B), 5-LOX (C), GPR18 (D), IL6 (E) and IL10 (F). The methods for hypothalamic extraction and real-time PCR are described in the Methods section of the paper. (PDF 768 kb

Scale of Assessment of Self-Care Behaviors with Arteriovenous Fistula in Hemodialysis: A Psychometric Study in Brazil

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Brazilian Scale for the Assessment of Self-Care Behaviors with Arteriovenous Fistula in Hemodialysis. Cross-sectional validation study, followed the recommendation provided by Sousa and Rojjanasrirat. Content validity, explanatory and confirmatory factor analyses used to check validity and Cronbach's alpha was the reliability measure. Three hundred hemodialysis patients with arteriovenous fistula were included in the study. The expert committee assessed the content validity. Exploratory factor analysis confirmed the same two-factor structure found for the original scale, explaining 60.10% of the variance. Such solution was checked by confirmatory factor analysis with Cronbach's alpha equal to 0.920, 0.810, and 0.884 for the overall scale, the self-care in management of signs and symptoms and the self-care in prevention of complications subscales respectively. The scale has good psychometric properties to assess self-care behaviors and can be used with Brazilian patients on hemodialysis with arteriovenous fistula.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Núcleos de Ensino da Unesp: artigos 2008

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Neotropical xenarthrans: a dataset of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics.

International audienceXenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions forecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosys-tem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts withdomestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their fulldistribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths.Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae(3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data onDasypus pilo-sus(Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized,but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In thisdata paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence andquantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is fromthe southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of theNeotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regardinganteaters,Myrmecophaga tridactylahas the most records (n=5,941), andCyclopessp. havethe fewest (n=240). The armadillo species with the most data isDasypus novemcinctus(n=11,588), and the fewest data are recorded forCalyptophractus retusus(n=33). Withregard to sloth species,Bradypus variegatushas the most records (n=962), andBradypus pyg-maeushas the fewest (n=12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to makeoccurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly ifwe integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, andNeotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure,habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possiblewith the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data inpublications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are usingthese data