Myopia control with orthokeratology contact lenses in Spain (MCOS):study design and general baseline characteristics

Purpose: Although previous studies suggest that orthokeratology contact lens wear slows eye growth in children with progressing myopia, some limitations in the methodology employed have become evident. Furthermore, the safety of this modality of visual correction has not been assessed. The study "Myopia Control with Orthokeratology Contact Lenses in Spain" (MCOS) is being conducted to compare axial length growth between white European myopic children wearing orthokeratology contact lenses (OK) and wearing distance single-vision spectacles (SV). Additionally, the incidence of adverse events and discontinuations is also recorded. We outline the methodology and baseline data adopted. Methods: Subjects aged 6 to 12, with myopia ranging from 0.75 to 4.00 D and astigmatism ≤1.00 D were prospectively allocated OK or SV correction. Measurements of axial length, anterior chamber depth, corneal topography, cycloplegic autorefraction, visual acuity and corneal staining are performed at 6-month intervals. The incidence of adverse events and discontinuations are also recorded. Results: Thirty one children were fitted with OK and 31 with SV correction. Eight subjects did not meet the refraction-related inclusion criteria for enrollment. No significant differences were found in baseline mean age and refractive and biometric data between the two groups (P>0.05). No adverse events were found in any of the two groups at baseline. Conclusion: To the authors' knowledge, MCOS is the first prospective clinical trial to assess the safety and efficacy of orthokeratology contact lens wear to slow myopia progression vs. single-vision spectacle wear. The MCOS offers a number of notable features: prospective design; well-matched samples and high-resolution ocular biometry measures, which should collectively elucidate whether orthokeratology contact lens wear is a feasible and safe method for myopia-progression control

Myopia control with orthokeratology contact lenses in Spain (MCOS):refractive and biometric changes

PURPOSE. To compare axial length growth between white children with myopia wearing orthokeratology contact lenses (OK) and distance single-vision spectacles (SV) over a 2-year period. METHODS. Subjects 6 to 12 years of age with myopia -0.75 to -4.00 diopters of sphere (DS) and astigmatism ≤1.00 diopters of cylinder (DC) were prospectively allocated OK or SV correction. Measurements of axial length (Zeiss IOLMaster), corneal topography, and cycloplegic refraction were taken at 6-month intervals. RESULTS. Thirty-one children were fitted with OK and 30 with SV. Following 24 months, axial length increased significantly over time for both the OK group (0.47 mm) and SV group (0.69 mm; P 0.05). Significantly greater corneal flattening was evident in the OK group for the flatter and steeper corneal powers and for corneal shape factor (all P ≤0.05). CONCLUSIONS. Orthokeratology contact lens wear reduces axial elongation in comparison to distance single-vision spectacles in children

Short-term and long-term changes in corneal power are not correlated with axial elongation of the eye induced by orthokeratology in children

PURPOSE: To assess the relationship between short-term and long-term changes in power at different corneal locations relative to the change in central corneal power and the 2-year change in axial elongation relative to baseline in children fitted with orthokeratology contact lenses (OK). METHODS: Thirty-one white European subjects 6 to 12 years of age and with myopia −0.75 to −4.00 DS and astigmatism ≤1.00 DC were fitted with OK. Differences in refractive power 3 and 24 months post-OK in comparison with baseline and relative to the change in central corneal power were determined from corneal topography data in eight different corneal regions (i.e., N[nasal]1, N2, T[temporal]1, T2, I[inferior]1, I2, S[superior]1, S2), and correlated with OK-induced axial length changes at two years relative to baseline. RESULTS: After 2 years of OK lens wear, axial length increased by 0.48±0.18 mm (P0.05). CONCLUSION: The reduction in central corneal power and relative increase in paracentral and pericentral power induced by OK over 2 years were not significantly correlated with concurrent changes in axial length of white European children

Eyelid Exfoliation Treatment Efficacy and Safety in Dry Eye Disease, Blepharitis, and Contact Lens Discomfort Patients: A Systematic Review

Purpose: To determine the efficacy and safety of eyelid exfoliation treatment in dry eye disease (DED), blepharitis, and contact lens (CL) discomfort patients. Methods: A systematic review that included only full-length randomized controlled studies, reporting the effects of eyelid exfoliation treatment in 2 databases, PubMed and Web of Science, was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. The search period was between October 29, 2022 and December 6, 2022. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to analyze the quality of the studies selected. Results: A total of 7 studies were included in this systematic review. Eyelid exfoliation treatment influence on DED, blepharitis, and CL discomfort were analyzed in 6, 4, and 2 studies, respectively. Eyelid exfoliation treatment achieved a better improvement than control group interventions in all reported variables. The mean differences between both groups were as follows: Ocular Surface Disease Index score of-5.0 ± 0.9 points, tear breakup time of 0.43 ± 0.2 seconds, ocular surface staining of-1.4 ± 1.5 points, meibomian glands secretions of 1.2 ± 1.1 points, meibomian glands yielding liquid secretion of 0.6 ± 0.3 points, microorganism load of-3.2 ± 4.7 points, and Contact Lens Dry Eye Questionnaire-8 of-2.15 ± 0.1 points. Minimal discomfort (n = 13) and eyelid irritation (n = 2) were the main complications after an eyelid exfoliation treatment. Conclusions: Eyelid exfoliation is a safe and effective treatment that should be indicated for DED, blepharitis, and CL discomfort

Validation and Psychometric Properties of the Gameplay-Scale for Educative Video Games in Spanish Children

The knowledge of evaluation instruments to determine the level of gameplay of schoolchildren is very important at this time. A systematic review has been carried out in this study. The aim of this paper is to investigate the psychometric properties of a study of a sample of Spanish gamers. Two hundred and thirty-seven children (mean age: 11.2 +/- 1.17 years, range: 10-12 years, 59.5% female) completed the Gameplay-Scale to discover their opinions after a game session with a serious educational game. The final scale consisted of three factors. The fit for factor 1 (usability) was 0.712, the fit for factor 2 was 0.702 (satisfaction), the fit for factor 3 was 0.886 (empathy) and the overall fit was 0.868. A positive and direct relationship could be observed between all the dimensions of the developed scale. The greatest correlation strength is shown between satisfaction and empathy (r = 0.800; p < 0.005), followed by satisfaction and usability (r = 0.180; p < 0.05) and the association between empathy and usability (r = 0.140; p < 0.05). In summary, the results of the present study support the use of the Gameplay-Scale as a valid and reliable measure of the game experience of youth populations. These results demonstrate strong psychometric properties so that the Gameplay-Scale appears to be a valid instrument for children in different contexts where an educational video game is used, analyzing its usability/“playability” in terms of learning to use it, game satisfaction, and empathy.This research is supported by the Andalusian Research Program under the project P11-TIC-7486 co-funded by FEDER, together with TIN2014-56494-C4-3-P and TEC2015-68752 from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and FEDER also

Short- and long-term changes in corneal aberrations and axial length induced by orthokeratology in children are not correlated

PURPOSE: To assess the correlation between changes in corneal aberrations and the 2-year change in axial length in children fitted with orthokeratology (OK) contact lenses. METHODS: Thirty-one subjects 6 to 12 years of age and with myopia −0.75 to −4.00DS and astigmatism ≤1.00DC were fitted with OK. Measurements of axial length and corneal topography were taken at regular intervals over a 2-year period. Corneal topography at baseline and after 3 and 24 months of OK lens wear was used to derive higher-order corneal aberrations (HOA) that were correlated with OK-induced axial length changes at 2 years. RESULTS: Significant changes in C3, C4, C4, root mean square (RMS) secondary astigmatism and fourth and total HOA were found with both 3 and 24 months of OK lens wear in comparison with baseline (all P0.05). Coma angle of orientation changed significantly pre-OK in comparison with 3 and 24 months post-OK as well as secondary astigmatism angle of orientation pre-OK in comparison with 24 months post-OK (all P0.05). DISCUSSION: Short-term and long-term OK lens wear induces significant changes in corneal aberrations that are not significantly correlated with changes in axial elongation after 2-years

The effects of entrance pupil centration and coma aberrations on myopic progression following orthokeratology

Background: The aim was to assess the potential association between entrance pupil location relative to the coaxially sighted corneal light reflex (CSCLR) and the progression of myopia in children fitted with orthokeratology (OK) contact lenses. Additionally, whether coma aberration induced by decentration of the entrance pupil centre relative to the CSCLR, as well as following OK treatment, is correlated with the progression of myopia, was also investigated. Methods: Twenty-nine subjects aged six to 12years and with myopia of -0.75 to -4.00 DS and astigmatism up to 1.00DC were fitted with OK contact lenses. Measurements of axial length and corneal topography were taken at six-month intervals over a two-year period. Additionally, baseline and three-month topographic outputs were taken as representative of the pre- and post-orthokeratology treatment status. Pupil centration relative to the CSCLR and magnitude of associated corneal coma were derived from corneal topographic data at baseline and after three months of lens wear. Results: The centre of the entrance pupil was located superio-temporally to the CSCLR both pre- (0.09±0.14 and -0.10±0.15mm, respectively) and post-orthokeratology (0.12±0.18 and -0.09±0.15mm, respectively) (p>0.05). Entrance pupil location pre- and post-orthokeratology lens wear was not significantly associated with the two-year change in axial length (p>0.05). Significantly greater coma was found at the entrance pupil centre compared with CSCLR both pre- and post-orthokeratology lens wear (both p0.05). Conclusion: Entrance pupil location relative to the CSCLR was not significantly affected by either OK lens wear or an increase in axial length. Greater magnitude coma aberrations found at the entrance pupil centre in comparison to the CSCLR might be attributed to centration of orthokeratological treatments at the CSCLR

Medidas de protección en el uso del aparato radiográfico en los consultorios dentales privados de Managua

Tesis (Cirujano Dentista)--Universidad Americana, Managua, 1999El objetivo de esta tesis es conocer las medidas de protección en el uso de aparatos radiográficos en las clínicas dentales privadas de Mangua en el periodo comprendido de septiembre a Diciembre de 1998, determinar las condiciones en que se encuentran el aparato de rayos x, conocer los procesos de toma de radiografías y revelado de acuerdo a normas establecidas

Creatividad: Revisión del concepto

This theoretical review about the term creativity pursues three objectives: to review the existing literature about it, to synthesize the frequency rate of studies on this topic in the last ten years and finally to categorize those results to facilitate their diffusion in future studies. The methodology used has been descriptive - interpretative, comparative and revision. A total of 52 articles, published in 30 journals with an impact on the scientific community, have been analyzed, which represent an intentional average sample to know about the current situation of the issue. The results show an irregular evolution on the research about creativity. Among the journals with the highest number of publications are Psychology and Education journals with researchs related and focusing on personal growth, emotions, personality and intelligence. The years 2010, 2012, 2015 and 2016 add up a percentage of 67.3% of the total of the investigations published in the last 10 years.Esta revisión teórica sobre el término creatividad, persigue tres objetivos: revisar la literatura existente, sintetizar la tasa de frecuencia de los estudios sobre el tema en los últimos diez años y categorizar los resultados para facilitar su difusión en futuros estudios. La metodología utilizada ha sido descriptiva–interpretativa, comparativa y de revisión. Se han analizado un total de 52 artículos, publicados en 30 revistas con impacto en la comunidad científica, que suponen una muestra intencional media para conocer el estado de la cuestión. Los resultados muestran una evolución irregular de las investigaciones sobre creatividad. Entre las revistas con mayor número de publicaciones se encuentran las revistas de Psicología y Educación con investigaciones enfocadas y asociadas al crecimiento personal, las emociones, la personalidad y la inteligencia. Los años 2010, 2012, 2015 y 2016, suman un porcentaje de 67,3% sobre el total de las investigaciones publicadas en los últimos 10 años

Creativity: Concept Review

José Ramón Fernández Díaz - Universidad Internacional de la Rioja - ORCID: 0000-0001-7961-3237Fátima Llamas Salguero - Universidad de Extremadura - ORCID: 0000-0002-9931-2658Mónica Gutiérrez Ortega - Universidad Internacional de la Rioja - ORCID: 0000-0002-1536-4240Recepción: 02.12.2019 | Aceptado: 12.12.2019Correspondencia a través de ORCID: José Ramón Fernández - 0000-0001-7961-3237Esta revisión teórica sobre el término creatividad, persigue tres objetivos: revisar la literatura existente, sintetizar la tasa de frecuencia de los estudios sobre el tema en los últimos diez años y categorizar los resultados para facilitar su difusión en futuros estudios. La metodología utilizada ha sido descriptiva–interpretativa, comparativa y de revisión. Se han analizado un total de 52 artículos, publicados en 30 revistas con impacto en la comunidad científica, que suponen una muestra intencional media para conocer el estado de la cuestión. Los resultados muestran una evolución irregular de las investigaciones sobre creatividad. Entre las revistas con mayor número de publicaciones se encuentran las revistas de Psicología y Educación con investigaciones enfocadas y asociadas al crecimiento personal, las emociones, la personalidad y la inteligencia. Los años 2010, 2012, 2015 y 2016, suman un porcentaje de 67,3% sobre el total de las investigaciones publicadas en los últimos 10 años.Abstract: This theoretical review about the term creativity pursues three objectives: to review the existing literature about it, to synthesize the frequency rate of studies on this topic in the last ten years and finally to categorize those results to facilitate their diffusion in future studies. The methodology used has been descriptive - interpretative, comparative and revision. A total of 52 articles, published in 30 journals with an impact on the scientific community, have been analyzed, which represent an intentional average sample to know about the current situation of the issue. The results show an irregular evolution on the research about creativity. Among the journals with the highest number of publications are Psychology and Education journals with researchs related and focusing on personal growth, emotions, personality and intelligence. The years 2010, 2012, 2015 and 2016 add up a percentage of 67.3% of the total of the investigations published in the last 10 years