COVID-19 pandemic: Virtual technology applied to higher education at CU UAEM Valle de México and Ecatepec

Esta investigación es concientizar a los docentes de dos centros universitarios de la UAEM Valle de México y Ecatepec que deben afrontar los desafíos en el uso de la tecnología virtual en el aula de clases.Uno de los retos más importantes en el sistema educativo es el conjunto de los avances tecnológicos en los modelos educativos a nivel superior, logrando favorecer una transformación del pensamiento del estudiante, en un enfoque de análisis y de construcción innovadora fundamentando procesos interdisciplinarios y de creatividad. En este sentido, Universidad del Estado de México (UAEM), es consciente de que sus Docentes deben tener una formación integral en la comunicación y en la creatividad con un compromiso social y humanístico con trascendencia de investigación tecnológica. Debido al COVID-19, pandemia causada por un virus infeccioso que produjo un cierre total de instalaciones educativas, en el que la única alternativa de enseñanza es a través de sistemas digitales, de este modo la tecnología se ha integrado por necesidad al sector educativo con un enfoque pedagógico diferente, del cual ha sido cuestionado por el tipo de conocimiento adquirido por los estudiantes. Finalmente, el sentido de esta investigación es concientizar a los docentes de dos centros universitarios de la UAEM Valle de México y Ecatepec que deben afrontar los desafíos en el uso de la tecnología virtual en el aula de clases

Silica from Rice as New Drug Delivery Systems

The pharmaceutical industry has seen an increased need of carriers or excipients design that allows the controlled release of a drug in the human body. The main role of an excipient is to carry the drug for its administration under therapeutic index. Among the new generation of excipients, the ordered mesoporous silica (MS) presents several advantages, such as excellent biocompatibility, good adsorption capacity, and precise control in the drug delivery. However, the high cost of synthesis of mesoporous silica restricts its use to industrial applications; therefore, a low-cost procedure is necessary for widespread use. Biogenic silica from rice husk (SiO2-rice) could be a new choice as a drug delivery system. This silica is obtained from an acid leaching of rice husk followed by calcinations processes at low temperatures; these conditions produce silica with good adsorption properties, similar to those of MS. In consequence, the excipient behavior of SiO2-rice was assessed using folic acid as the model drug, displaying an 18.5% of absorption in the SiO2-rice pores, while MS absorbed around 19%. The drug release profiles were similar for both the silicas, suggesting that SiO2-rice could be a low-cost, similar yield excipient for drugs similar to folic acid

Who does what the cardiologist recommends? Psychosocial markers of unhealthy behavior in coronary disease patients

Patients diagnosed with coronary heart disease should follow lifestyle recommendations that can reduce their cardiovascular risk (e.g., avoid smoking). However, some patients fail to follow these recommendations and engage in unhealthy behavior. With the aim to identify psychosocial factors that characterize patients at high risk of repeated cardiovascular events, we investigated the relationship between social support, mental health (coping, self-esteem, and perceived stress), and unhealthy behavior. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 419 patients recently diagnosed with coronary heart disease (myocardial infarction or angina) who participated in the National Health Survey in Spain (2018). Unhealthy behaviors were defined according to the European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention. Only 1% of patients reported no unhealthy behaviors, with 11% reporting one, 40% two, 35% three, and 13% four or more unhealthy behaviors. In multiple regression controlling for demographic and traditional risk factors, mental health was the only significant psychosocial factor, doubling the odds of accumulated unhealthy behaviors, OR(high vs. low) = 2.03, 95% CI [1.14, 3.64]. Mental health was especially strongly related to unhealthy behavior among patients with obesity, OR(high vs. low) = 3.50, 95% CI [1.49, 8.45]. The relationship between mental health and unhealthy behaviors suggests that a large proportion of patients may not adhere to lifestyle recommendations not because they purposefully choose to do so, but because they lack coping skills to maintain the recommended healthy behaviors. Low mental well-being may be especially detrimental for behavior change of patients with obesity.Dafina Petrova is supported by a Juan de la Cierva Fellowship (FJCI-2016-28279) from the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry, and Competitiveness. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript

Regulación del Daño Moral al Hombre en los Procesos de Nulidad de Reconocimiento Voluntario de Paternidad.

Evolución y desarrollo histórico del reconocimiento voluntario de paternidad, la nulidad y el daño moral – Regulación jurídica internacional sobre la figura del daño moral a favor del hombre en materia de familia—El daño moral como consecuencia de la nulidad del reconocimiento voluntario de paternidad en la Legislación Familiar Salvadoreña – Principios constitucionales que fundamentan la pretensión de daño oral en proceso de nulidad de reconocimiento voluntario de paternidad

Sistematización de la incidencia de la sociedad civil en la organización de los movimientos sociales para la prohibición de la explotación minera, en el municipio de San Isidro, departamento de Cabañas

El trabajo consistió en realizar una sistematización de la incidencia de la sociedad civil en la organización de los Movimientos Sociales para la prohibición de la explotación Minera en el municipio de San Isidro, Departamento de Cabañas. Los antecedentes sobre el tema muestran la importancia de que la sociedad civil se interese por los problemas ambientales y más en la Minería que, así como afecta ambientalmente trae consecuencias para los seres humanos en términos de salud como en la economía. Demostrando que la participación en los Movimientos Sociales impida la violación a los derechos humanos. El trabajo se realizó en base a cinco capítulos en los cuales se investigaron sobre diferentes conceptos que son relevantes al momento de analizar la temática y la recolección de información a los actores claves en la lucha contra la Minería. El objetivo principal fue realizar un abordaje sistemático sobre los acontecimientos históricos de los movimientos sociales para la prohibición de la explotación de la minería metálica, que permita analizar el papel de la participación ciudadana en la defensa de los derechos humanos fundamentales, en el municipio de San Isidro. Para realizar el trabajo se consideró necesario obtener conocimientos previos sobre el tema de la Minería en el país, el apoyo o rechazo de las comunidades, organizaciones involucradas

Computer Speech-Based Remediation for Reading Disabilities: The Size of Spelling-to-Sound Unit in a Transparent Orthography

This study was designed to assess the effects of four reading-training procedures for children with reading disabilities (RD) in a transparent orthography, with the aim of examining the effects of different spelling-to-sound units in computer speech-based reading. We selected a sample of 83 Spanish children aged between 7 years 1 month and 10 years 6 months (M = 105.2, SD = 7.8) whose pseudoword reading performance was below the 25th percentile and IQ > 90. The participants were randomly assigned to five groups: (a) the whole-word training group (WW) (n = 17), (b) the syllable training group (S)(n = 16), (c) the onset-rime training group (OR) (n = 17), (d) the phoneme training group (P) (n = 15), and (e) the untrained control group (n = 18). Children were pre- and post-tested in word recognition, reading comprehension, phonological awareness, and orthographic and phonological tasks. The results indicate that experimental groups who participated in the phoneme and syllable conditions improved their word recognition in comparison with thecontrol group. In addition, dyslexics who participated in the phoneme, syllable, and onset-rime conditions made a greater number of requests during computer-based word reading under conditions that required extensive phonological computation (low frequency words and long words). Reading time, however, was greater for long words in the phoneme group during computer-based reading. These results suggest the importance of training phonological processes in improving word decoding in children with dyslexia who learn in a consistent orthography.Esta investigación fue diseñada para evaluar los efectos de la instrucción asistida a través de ordenador en los procesos fonológicos y de lectura en niños con dificultades de aprendizaje en la lectura (DAL) en una ortografía transparente. Para ello se manipularon diferentes tipos de unidades lingüísticas con objeto de analizar con cuál de ellas se consiguen mejores resultados. Se seleccionó una muestra de 83 niños españoles de edades comprendidas entre los 7 años y 1 mes y 10 años y 6 meses (edad M = 105.2; DT = 7.8) que presentaban una puntuación en lectura de pseudopalabras por debajo del percentil 25 y un cociente intelectual mayor que 90. Los sujetos fueron distribuidos al azar en cinco grupos diferentes: (a) instrucción basada en reconocimiento de palabras (WW) (n = 17), (b) instrucción basada en reconocimiento de sílabas (S) (n = 16), (c) instrucción basada en reconocimiento de principio-rima (OR) (n = 17), (d) instrucción basada en reconocimiento de fonemas (P) (n =15), y (e) ningún tipo de instrucción (n = 18). Se administraron distintas tareas, antes y después de finalizado el periodo de instrucción, para evaluar los efectos de la instrucción sobre la descodificación, comprensión lectora, conciencia fonológica, y procesamiento ortográfico. Los niños con DAL que participaron en la instrucción basada en el reconocimiento de fonemas y en la instrucción basada en reconocimiento de sílabas mejoraron la descodificación en comparación al grupo control. Además, los niños con DAL que participaron en las condiciones de fonema, sílaba y principio rima solicitaron un mayor número de ayudas durante el periodo de instrucción en aquellas condiciones donde la demanda de procesamiento fonológico era mayor (v. gr., palabras de baja frecuencia y palabras largas). Sin embargo, se registraron tiempos de lectura mayores, durante el periodo de instrucción, para las palabras largas en la condición de entrenamiento basada en fonemas. Estos hallazgos sugieren que el entrenamiento en procesos fonológicos mejora la descodificación de las palabras en niños con DAL en una ortografía transparente

Leprosy. Overview

Se realiza una revisión bibliográfica con el propósito de ofrecer algunas consideraciones acerca de la epidemiológica, diagnóstico, tratamiento y prevención, para el adecuado manejo de la lepra y con ello enfrentar su eliminación, reduciendo su incidencia con un accionar temprano y con la mayor percepción del riesgo no solo por parte de la población sino también del personal de salud. Se hace referencia a la educación sanitaria sobre la lepra y su modo de prevención, así como su forma clínica, grupos de riesgos, factores epidemiológicos. Se analiza su tratamiento, recidiva entre otros factores relacionados con la enfermedad de baja prevalencia, pero no erradicada y que afecta el nivel y calidad de vida de la población la que debe solucionar sus propios problemas o situaciones haciendo uso de los conceptos previos que posee y apropiándose de nuevos conocimientos, por medio de un aprendizaje significativo y perdurable también del personal de salud.  A bibliographical review was performed in order to offer some considerations about the epidemiological, diagnostic, treatment and prevention for the proper management of leprosy and thus face elimination, reducing its incidence with early actions and eliminating perception of risk not only by the people but also of health workers. Making references to the health education about leprosy and its prevention ways, its clinical form, risk groups and epidemiological factors. The Treatment is analyzed relapse among other factors related to the disease of low prevalence, but not eliminated affecting level and quality of life of the population that should solve their own problems or situations using the previous concepts that own and appropriating new knowledges through significant learning and enduring in health workers

Predictive Value of Serum Antibodies and Point Mutations of AQP4, AQP1 and MOG in A Cohort of Spanish Patients with Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders

The detection of IgG aquaporin-4 antibodies in the serum of patients with Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) has dramatically improved the diagnosis of this disease and its distinction from multiple sclerosis. Recently, a group of patients have been described who have an NMO spectrum disorder (NMOsd) and who are seronegative for AQP4 antibodies but positive for IgG aquaporin-1 (AQP1) or myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibodies. The purpose of this study was to determine whether AQP1 and MOG could be considered new biomarkers of this disease; and if point mutations in the gDNA of AQP4, AQP1 and MOG genes could be associated with the etiology of NMOsd. We evaluated the diagnostic capability of ELISA and cell-based assays (CBA), and analyzed their reliability, specificity, and sensitivity in detecting antibodies against these three proteins. The results showed that both assays can recognize these antigen proteins under appropriate conditions, but only anti-AQP4 antibodies, and not AQP1 or MOG, appears to be a clear biomarker for NMOsd. CBA is the best method for detecting these antibodies; and serum levels of AQP4 antibodies do not correlate with the progression of this disease. So far, the sequencing analysis has not revealed a genetic basis for the etiology of NMOsd, but a more extensive analysis is required before definitive conclusions can be drawn.Ministerio de Economía y CompetitividadFEDER (Grants PI16/01249 y PI16/00493

Psychological and cognitive factors related to prehospital delay in acute coronary syndrome: A systematic review

We would like to thank Yolanda Ramírez Casas for her help with data collection. This research is part of the PhD thesis of Mercedes Arrebola Moreno (Programa de Doctorado en Psicología, Universidad de Granada).Background: In acute coronary syndrome the time elapsed between the start of symptoms and the moment the patient receives treatment is an important determinant of survival and subsequent recovery. However, many patients do not receive treatment as quickly as recommended, mostly due to substantial prehospital delays such as waiting to seek medical attention after symptoms have started. Objective: To conduct a systematic review with meta-analysis of the relationship between nine frequently investigated psychological and cognitive factors and prehospital delay. Design: A protocol was preregistered in PROSPERO [CRD42018094198] and a systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Data sources: The following databases were searched for quantitative articles published between 1997 and 2019: Medline (PubMed), Web of Science, Scopus, Psych Info, PAIS, and Open grey. Review methods: Study risk of bias was assessed with the NIH Quality Assessment Tool for Observational, Cohort, and Cross-Sectional Studies. A best evidence synthesis was performed to summarize the findings of the included studies. Results: Forty-eight articles, reporting on 57 studies from 23 countries met the inclusion criteria. Studies used very diverse definitions of prehospital delay and analytical practices, which precluded meta-analysis. The best evidence synthesis indicated that there was evidence that patients who attributed their symptoms to a cardiac event (n = 37), perceived symptoms as serious (n = 24), or felt anxiety in response to symptoms (n = 15) reported shorter prehospital delay, with effect sizes indicating important clinical differences (e.g., 1.5–2 h shorter prehospital delay). In contrast, there was limited evidence for a relationship between prehospital delay and knowledge of symptoms (n = 18), concern for troubling others (n = 18), fear (n = 17), or embarrassment in asking for help (n = 14). Conclusions: The current review shows that symptom attribution to cardiac events and some degree of perceived threat are fundamental to speed up help-seeking. In contrast, social concerns and barriers in seeking medical attention (embarrassment or concern for troubling others) may not be as important as initially thought. The current review also shows that the use of very diverse methodological practices strongly limits the integration of evidence into meaningful recommendations. We conclude that there is urgent need for common guidelines for prehospital delay study design and reporting.Juan de la Cierva Fellowship from the Spanish Ministry of Science FJCI-2016-28279Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (Spain) PSI2014-51842-RAndalusian Regional Goverment SOMM17-6103-UGREuropean Union (EU) SOMM17-6103-UGRMinisterio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad, Spain RYC-2016-2015

Inappropriate prescribing to the oldest old patients admitted to hospital: prevalence, most frequently used medicines, and associated factors

Background: Scientific evidence on treatments of chronic diseases in patients 85 years old or older is very limited, as is available information on inappropriate prescription (IP) and its associated factors. The study aimed to describe medicine prescription, potentially inappropriate medicines (PIM) and potentially prescribing omissions (PPO) and their associated factors on this population. Methods: In the context of an observational, prospective and multicentric study carried out in elderly patients admitted to seven Spanish hospitals for a year, a sub-analysis of those aged 85 years and over was performed. To assess PIMs, the Beers and STOPP criteria were used, and to assess PPOs, the START and the ACOVE-3 criteria were used. To assess factors associated with IP, a multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed. Patients were selected randomly every week on consecutive days from the hospitalization lists. Results: A total of 336 patients were included in the sub-analysis with a median (Q1-Q3) age of 88 (8690) years. The median medicines taken during the month prior to admission was 10 (713). Forty-seven point two per cent of patients had at least one Beers-listed PIM, 63.3% at least one STOPP-listed PIM, 53.6% at least one START-listed PPO, and 59.4% at least one ACOVE-3-listed PPO. Use of benzodiazepines in patients who are prone to falls (18.3%) and omission of calcium and vitamin D supplements in patients with osteoporosis (13.3%) were the most common PIM and PPO, respectively. The main factor associated with the Beers-listed and the STOPP-listed PIM was consumption of 10 or more medicines (OR = 5.7, 95% CI 1.8-17.9 and OR = 13.4, 95% CI 4.0-44.0, respectively). The main factors associated with the START-listed PPO was a non-community dwelling origin (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.0-5.0), and multimorbidity (OR1.8, 95% CI 1.0-3.1). Conclusions: Prescribed medicines and PIM and PPO prevalence were high among patients 85 years and over. Benzodiazepine use in those who are prone to falls and omission of calcium and vitamin D in those with osteoporosis were the most frequent PIM and PPO, respectively. Factors associated with PIM and PPO differed with polypharmacy being the most important factor associated with PIM