Diseño de una propuesta pedagógica de competencias y estándares para el área de educación física en el grado cuarto de la jornada de la tarde del Colegio Remigio Antonio Cañarte - Providencia en Pereira

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo fundamental diseñar una propuesta pedagógica de competencias y estándares para el área de Educación Física en el grado cuarto, en vista de que no hay estándares establecidos para dicha área y no se encuentran suficientes investigaciones en este campo. Para lograr el objetivo planteado, la metodología que se utilizó en este estudio consistió un diseño cuasi experimental, donde se evalúa un pretest y un pos- test a un grupo de niños y niñas estudiantes de grado cuarto jornada de la tarde, de la escuela Remigio Antonio Cañarte Providencia en Pereira. Los datos obtenidos del pretest y pos- test se analizan teniendo en cuenta las variables del estudio y para lo cual se establecen valores numéricos que permitan saber si existe o no diferencias significativas entre los dos grupos, una vez practicadas las sesiones pedagógicas planteadas específicamente con los temas conceptuales y para el grupo de grado cuarto, lo que establecería un nuevo parámetro o estándar y las competencias para lograr dicho parámetro de desempeño. Los datos recogidos se analizan en dos vías, en primera instancia a nivel estadístico utilizando Excel y en segunda instancia una interpretación cualitativa de las categorías que surjan del estudio. Finalmente al analizar los datos y gráficos correspondientes se observan los resultados y se formulan las conclusiones respectivas del trabajo de investigación

Funcionalidad del aceite de oliva virgen extra en la artritis reumatoide experimental

Falta palabras clavesIntroduction Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease characterized by inflammation of the synovial membrane and progressive destruction of the articular cartilage and bone. (Salgado and Maneiro 2014). RA patients exhibit an inflammatory chronic condition, which usually affects symmetrically arthrodial and small joints of hands and feet Global prevalence of RA has been estimated to be around 0.5-1.0% of adults in developed countries with a large variation across regions and approximately three-times more common in the female gender. The disease may begin at any age, but around 80% of all patients initiate the disease between the ages of 35 and 50 years (Rudan et al. 2015). Although the specific triggers and exact mechanisms of tissue damage in RA is still unknown, an increase in inflammatory mediators as well as a dysregulation of the immune system with uncontrolled T cell activity, play a remarkable role in its pathogenesis. Pharmacological treatment in AR including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), glucocorticoids, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and biological agents have improved the signs and symptoms of RA, but these drugs are only effective in a fraction of patients and have other limitations including a high cost, the requirement for parenteral administration and important side effects. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies are under investigation including nutritional therapy. The beneficial effects of the Mediterranean diet have been proven not only in cardiovascular diseases but also in diabetes, obesity, arthritis and cancer (Cardeno, Sanchez-Hidalgo, and Alarcon-de-la-Lastra 2013). Evidence points out that Mediterranean diet decreases both pain and disease activity leading to better outcomes, and decreasing the doses of anti-inflammatory drugs, which exhibit important secondary effects (Smedslund et al. 2010). Olive Oil is the characteristic culinary fat of the Mediterranean area being described as a key bio-active food (Puertollano et al. 2010). Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) is obtained from the fruit of the olive tree (Olea europea L.) solely by mechanical or other physical means under conditions that do not alter its natural composition. Traditionally the beneficial effects of EVOO have been ascribed to its monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) (Bermudez et al. 2011). However, a wide range of evidence indicates that many of the beneficial effects of EVOO intake are due to its minor highly bioactive components (about 1–2 % of oil weight) (Alarcon de la Lastra et al. 2001) Among them, phenolic compounds such as hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol and oleuropein have shown anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects (Omar et al. 2010). Current experimental studies support a beneficial role of polyphenols from EVOO in several inflammatory diseases, including RA (Martinez-Dominguez, de la Puerta, and Ruiz-Gutierrez 2001; Impellizzeri et al. 2011; Gong et al. 2009). Although EVOO has demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects, it has not reported so much evidence of its possible immunomodulatory effects. Therefore, the objectives of this thesis were: 1. To determinate the possible protective effect of dietary extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in DBA 1/J mice, an experimental model of RA and explore the biochemical routes and possibly intracellular signalling pathways. 2. To evaluate the oral polyphenolic extract from EVOO treatment in murine collageninduced arthritis and study the biochemical routes and signalling pathway involved. 3. To investigate the effects of hydroxytyrosol (HTy) or hydroxytyrosol acetate (HTy- Ac), polyphenolics compounds from EVOO enriched-diets in experimental arthritis model in mice and elucidate the molecular mechanisms and signalling pathways involved. Results and Discussion 1. Dietary extra-virgin olive oil prevents inflammatory response and cartilage matrix degradation in murine collagen‑induced arthritis. (Rosillo et al. Eur J Nutr. 2015 In press) Three-week-old male DBA-1/J mice were randomized into four experimental groups: (1) Sham sunflower diet (SO-Sham) group received a diet elaborated with a marketable sunflower oil; (2) CIA sunflower diet (SO-CIA) group received a diet elaborated with a marketable sunflower oil; (3) Sham EVOO diet (EVOO-Sham) group were fed with a diet made with a marketable EVOO picual variety and (4) CIA EVOO diet (EVOO-CIA) group were fed with a diet made with a marketable EVOO picual variety. After 6 weeks, arthritis was induced by type II collagen. Experiments followed a protocol approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of the University of Seville, and all experiments were in accordance with the recommendations of the European Union regarding animal experimentation (Directive of the European Counsel 2010/630/EU) Our results revealed, that EVOO, as the lipid component of the diet, effectively exhibited preventive and therapeutic effects in the development of inflammatory arthritis and joint damage in CIA arthritic mice in comparison with those CIA mice fed with SO. This effect was correlated to an improved arthritis score, a minor inflammatory cells infiltration into articular tissues, reduced exudation into the synovial space, synovial hyperplasia and cartilage erosion. Overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-17 may activate osteoclasts and macrophages and recruit leukocytes in inflamed joints. Besides, it is well-known that IL-17 is able to induce the release of IL-8 and IL-6, and plays a remarkable role in the additive/synergistic effects induced by TNF-α and IL-1β (Jeong et al. 2004). Our results indicate that animals fed with EVOO diet showed a significant reduction in IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-17 proinflammatory cytokines levels in paw homogenates. Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) is a matrix protein with a great potential as a biological marker of cartilage metabolism in arthritis (Saxne and Heinegard 1992). In addition, COMP is a putative substrate for metalloproteinases (MMPs). Particularly, MMP-3 is a proteinase secreted by synovial fibroblasts and chondrocytes and its activity results in degradation of aggrecan core protein, cartilage link protein, fibronectin and collagen. Our data showed that the production of both cartilage (COMP) and synovial (MMP-3) biomarkers was significantly inhibited by dietary EVOO treatment in CIA mice. Abnormal signalling pathways play an important role in the inflammatory process and can lead to a dysregulation of the inflammatory response being crucial in RA pathogenesis. Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) is a crucial transcriptional activator for the expression of multiple proinflammatory genes involved in the microenvironment of the arthritic joints, playing an important role in the development of RA. (Morel and Berenbaum 2004; Okamoto et al. 2010). Our results suggested that dietary EVOO treatment suppressed NF-κB activation in CIA-induced arthritic mice. Similarly, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family also plays critical roles in RA pathogenesis (Han et al. 2001; Suzuki et al. 2000) regulating cytokine production, and activating the janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) signalling pathway through STAT-3 phosphorylation (Aaronson and Horvath 2002). Our results demonstrated that EVOO diet intake reduced significantly both MAPKs and STAT-3 activation. On the other hand, nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) plays a central role for expression of heme oxigenase 1 (HO-1), antioxidant enzyme. Our data showed that HO-1 could represent a potential molecular target susceptible to EVOO modulation, since dietary EVOO treatment strongly augmented Nrf2 and HO-1 protein expression conferring a role of HO-1 in the beneficial effects of EVOO in this murine model of chronic inflammation. Altogether, our results confirm, for the first time, that EVOO intake dramatically attenuated the progression and severity of arthritis in CIA DBA/1 J mice through Nrf2/HO-1 upregulation and NF-κB, MAPKs and JAK-STAT signalling pathway inhibition, decreasing the inflammatory cascade induced by CIA.Premio Extraordinario de Doctorado U

Actitudes y emociones en el aprendizaje de la ciencia: un estudio en Educación Primaria

En este trabajo se presentaun estudio sobre las actitudes y emociones que muestran hacia la ciencia 404 alumnos deEducación Primaria,pertenecientesa seis centros educativos de la provincia de Sevilla.El objetivo principalde esta investigación es conocery evaluar las actitudes y emociones que suscitan las ciencias en dicho alumnado. Para ello,se ha llevado a cabo una investigación cuantitativa utilizando un cuestionarioLikert. Los datos han sido analizados en función deltotal de sujetos,del curso y del género, buscándose además las correlaciones existentes. Los resultados muestranalgunasdiferenciassignificativasen cuanto al curso y el sexo, observándose como a medida que el alumnado avanza de curso piensa que las clases de ciencia no deberían durar más. También se ha podido vercómo a los chicos les resultan las ciencias más fáciles de aprender que a las chicasy, también que ellos están más de acuerdo en lautilidad de las ciencias en la vida diaria. Por último, se ha podido apreciar que existe una baja correlación entre las emociones experimentadas por el alumnado ylas actitudes hacia la ciencia, mostrándose una relación entre emociones positivas y actitudes positivas.This paper presents a study on the attitudes and emotions that 404 primary school students show towards science, belonging to six schools in the province of Seville. The main objective of this research is to know and evaluate attitudes and emotions that inspire students fot the sciences. To this end, a quantitative research using a Likert questionnaire has been carried out. The data have been analyzed on the basis of the total number of subjects, the year and the gender, seeking further existing correlations. The results show some significant differences regarding the year and sex, and it is noticeable that as the students go to the next year they think that science classes should not last longer. We have also seen how sciences are more easy to learn for boys than for girls, and also that they are more in agreement with the utility of science in everyday life. Finally, the study shows a low correlation between the emotions experienced by the students and the attitudes toward science, showing a relationship between positive emotions and positive attitudes.Universidad de Sevilla. Grado en Educación Primari

El acento en el quechua de Carhuaz

Formaliza el patrón acentual en el quechua de Carhuaz (Áncash), a través de un análisis acústico y fonológico mediante la teoría métrica de Halle e Idsardi; para ello, se realiza trabajos de campo en los poblados de Pariacaca y Hualcán, ambos pertenecientes a la provincia de Carhuaz. El análisis acústico se realiza haciendo uso del programa PRAAT, el cual se utiliza para medir minuciosamente los correlatos acústicos que, en las lenguas, operan para la asignación del acento: duración, intensidad, calidad vocálica y frecuencia fundamental. Tras este análisis se evidencia que los principales correlatos del acento en el quechua de Carhuaz son la frecuencia fundamental y la duración. Luego de ello, se formaliza el patrón acentual con la teoría métrica de Halle e Idsardi tanto en la frase nominal como en la verbal. El acento principal en la frase nominal recae en la primera sílaba de la palabra; mientras que, en la frase verbal, en la penúltima sílaba. Además, esta variedad no es sensible al peso silábico, a diferencia de otras variedades pertenecientes al QI.Perú. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Vicerrectorado de Investigación y Posgrado. Programa de Promoción de Tesis de Pregrado. E19030354-PTPGRADO

Morphometric and hypsometric analysis in the Tierra Nueva Basin, San Luis Potosí, México

"In areas with long periods of drought, it is essential to implement strategies to manage the available water resource. Tierra Nueva Basin is affected by this situation, consequently the farm production and livestock holdings are affected and the people don’t have access to enough water. In this paper, we propose an integrative methodology based on mathematical tools such as hypsometric and morphometric analysis applying geographic information systems. The proposal is strengthened with the aggregation of geological-structural, morphometrical, hypsometrical parameters and climatological information through a precipitation analysis provided by the National Water Commission from 1962 to 2010. According to the available data and the results obtained through the implemented proposal, an acceptable level of reliability is inferred allowing to determine areas structurally suitable for the use of surface water and its uptake. The methodology that we propose facilitates and simplifies the processes of searching and exploring locations suitable for surface water capture in arid and semi-arid zones, identifying in a qualitative and quantitative manner the optimal zone. For the case study, test-and-validation of the methodology the Tierra Nueva Basin in San Luis Potosí, México was selected. Tierra Nueva is a semi-arid site where “La Muñeca” dam is located. The results obtained in this work confirm the location of the “La Muñeca” dam as one of the most suitable areas for water collection. The methodology that we propose is a useful tool for the studies of water capturing purposes in arid and semi-arid zones.

Integración de herramientas digitales al periodismo multimedia en Tamaulipas: Estudio de caso de la cámara fotográfica digital, la grabadora de voz digital y la tableta

Resumen La sociedad científica se encuentra constantemente realizando innovaciones tecnológicas. En algunas ocasiones inventa artificios nuevos, pero en otras amplía versiones más avanzadas de un equipo ya conocido por los periodistas. Esta investigación documenta cómo los reporteros fronterizos están innovando sus herramientas de trabajo al pasar de las manuales a las digitales. Este es el caso de las herramientas periodísticas de la cámara fotográfica digital y la grabadora de voz digital que se analizan en este estudio. La tableta será examinada como herramienta auxiliar del periodista para captar información noticiosa al momento de estar trabajando la noticia. La teoría de los usos y gratificaciones se manejó como guía de análisis para la investigación. Los autores entrevistaron a 33 periodistas asignados a cubrir la fuente de la Presidencia Municipal de Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas. Los resultados demostraron que la cámara fotográfica digital y la grabadora de voz digital son utilizadas cotidianamente por los comunicadores. Sin embargo, la tableta no ha sido integrada a sus labores informativas. Al realizar el análisis de género, los resultados indicaron que las reporteras no han integrado ninguna de las tres herramientas a su labor informativa. En cambio los reporteros si utilizan la grabadora de voz digital y la cámara fotográfica digital, pero la tableta no la han integrado a su trabajo periodístico. En cuanto al análisis de las tendencias por medio informativo, los resultados señalaron que los comunicadores que pertenecen a medios impresos, los medios digitales y la Dirección de Comunicación Social e Imagen Institucional de la Presidencial Municipal de Nuevo Laredo (DCS) en su gran mayoría han integrado la cámara fotográfica digital a su trabajo. De igual forma, los reporteros de prensa escrita, medios digitales, DCS y radio han integrado la grabadora de voz digital a su rutina de trabajo