282 research outputs found

    Situation Epidemio-Clinique De La Dermatose Nodulaire Contagieuse Bovine Dans Le District De Mananjary

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    La dermatose nodulaire contagieuse reprĂ©sente un problĂšme majeur de la santĂ© des bovins Ă  Madagascar. La prĂ©sente Ă©tude a pour objectif de dĂ©crire la situation Ă©pidemio-clinique de la dermatose nodulaire contagieuse bovine dans le district de Mananjary. Il s’agit d’une Ă©tude descriptive et transversale a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e du mois d’octobre 2015 au mois de fĂ©vrier 2016 dans le district de Mananjary. En termes de rĂ©sultats, la prĂ©valence globale de la dermatose nodulaire contagieuse est de 20,96%. L’étude des facteurs de risque montre que la persistance de ces maladies est significativement liĂ©e Ă  la race, au sexe et Ă  l’état d’embonpoint. En conclusion, la dermatose nodulaire des bovins reste encore une menace pour le bĂ©tail dans notre pays. Le diagnostic Ă©tiologique prĂ©cis et les traitements efficaces Ă  long terme sont indispensables pour pouvoir les maitriser et les Ă©radiquer.

    Prevalence and factors associated with extended-spectrum ÎČlactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae bacteraemia in University Hospital of Befelatanana, Madagascar

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    Background: The extended-spectrum ÎČ-lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacteriaceae are a major cause of nosocomial bacteraemia. The objectives of this study are to describe the antibiotic resistance pattern of ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae responsible for bacteraemia and identify factors associated with these infections in a University Hospital in Madagascar.Methodology: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study of 300 randomly selected patients with clinical features of bacteraemia whose blood cultures were processed for isolation and identification of bacterial pathogens over a period of six months (October 2019 to March 2020) at the laboratory of the University Hospital of Befelatanana. Blood culture samples were processed by conventional microbiological method for isolation of Enterobacteriaceae, which were identified to species level using Analytical Profile Index (API) 20EÂź test system. Antibiotic susceptibility of each isolate was performed by the disk diffusion technique and ESBL production was detected by the ‘synergy’ method.Results: Of the 300 patients, 54 were positive for bacteria, giving a prevalence rate of 18% for microbiologically documented bacteraemia. Of the 54 bacterial pathogens, Enterobacteriaceae isolates constituted 37 (68.5%), with 23 (42.6%) being ESBL producing and 14 (25.9%) non-ESBL producing isolates, 14 (25.9%) were staphylococci and 3 (5.6%) were streptococci isolates. All 23 (100%) ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates were resistant to amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and the third generation cephalosporins (3GC), 19 (82.6%) to gentamycin and 18 (78.3%) to cotrimoxazole. On the other hand, the non-ESBL producing isolates were more sensitive because only 10 (71%) were resistant to amoxicillin, 7 (50%)to cotrimoxazole, 2 (14%) to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, 1 (7.1%) to gentamycin, and none (0%) was resistant to 3GC. All 54 Enterobacteriaceae isolates were sensitive to amikacin and imipenem. Age less than 20 years (93.8%) (p=0.001) and hospitalization in intensive care units (90.9%) (p=0.04) were significant risk factors associated with infection by ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae.Conclusion: ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae responsible for bacteraemia in University Hospital of Befelatanana, Madagascar, are resistant to many classes of antibiotics. Carbapenems and amikacin are the antibiotics of choice. Keywords: ESBL, Enterobacteriaceae, bacteraemia, antibiotic resistance   French Title: PrĂ©valence et facteurs associĂ©s Ă  la bactĂ©riĂ©mie Ă  entĂ©robactĂ©ries productrices de ÎČ-lactamases Ă  spectre Ă©tendu dans l'hĂŽpital universitaire de Befelatanana, Madagascar Contexte: Les entĂ©robactĂ©ries productrices de ÎČ-lactamases Ă  spectre Ă©tendu (BLSE) sont une cause majeurede bactĂ©riĂ©mie nosocomiale. Les objectifs de cette Ă©tude sont de dĂ©crire le profil de rĂ©sistance aux antibiotiques des entĂ©robactĂ©ries productrices de BLSE responsables de bactĂ©riĂ©mie et d'identifier les facteurs associĂ©s Ă  ces infections dans un hĂŽpital universitaire de Madagascar.MĂ©thodologie: Il s'agit d'une Ă©tude transversale descriptive de 300 patients sĂ©lectionnĂ©s au hasard prĂ©sentantdes caractĂ©ristiques cliniques de bactĂ©riĂ©mie dont les hĂ©mocultures ont Ă©tĂ© traitĂ©es pour l'isolement etl'identification des bactĂ©ries pathogĂšnes sur une pĂ©riode de six mois (octobre 2019 Ă  mars 2020) au laboratoiredu HĂŽpital universitaire de Befelatanana. Les Ă©chantillons d'hĂ©moculture ont Ă©tĂ© traitĂ©s par une mĂ©thodemicrobiologique conventionnelle pour l'isolement des entĂ©robactĂ©ries, qui ont Ă©tĂ© identifiĂ©es au niveau del'espĂšce Ă  l'aide du systĂšme de test Analytical Profile Index (API) 20EÂź. La sensibilitĂ© aux antibiotiques dechaque isolat a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e par la technique de diffusion sur disque et la production de BLSE a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©tectĂ©e parla mĂ©thode «synergie».RĂ©sultats: Sur les 300 patients, 54 Ă©taient positifs pour les bactĂ©ries, ce qui donne un taux de prĂ©valence de18% pour une bactĂ©riĂ©mie microbiologiquement documentĂ©e. Parmi les 54 bactĂ©ries pathogĂšnes, les isolatsd'entĂ©robactĂ©ries constituaient 37 (68,5%), 23 (42,6%) produisant des BLSE et 14 (25,9%) isolats neproduisant pas de BLSE, 14 (25,9%) Ă©taient des staphylocoques et 3 (5,6%) l'Ă©taient isolats de streptocoques.Les 23 isolats (100%) de BLSE produisant des Enterobacteriaceae Ă©taient tous rĂ©sistants Ă  l'amoxicilline, Ă l'amoxicilline-acide clavulanique et aux cĂ©phalosporines de troisiĂšme gĂ©nĂ©ration (3GC), 19 (82,6%) Ă  lagentamycine et 18 (78,3%) au cotrimoxazole. En revanche, les isolats non producteurs de BLSE Ă©taient plussensibles car seuls 10 (71%) Ă©taient rĂ©sistants Ă  l'amoxicilline, 7 (50%) au cotrimoxazole, 2 (14%) Ă l'amoxicilline-acide clavulanique, 1 (7,1%) Ă  la gentamycine, et aucun (0%) n'Ă©tait rĂ©sistant Ă  la 3GC. Les 54isolats d'Enterobacteriaceae Ă©taient tous sensibles Ă  l'amikacine et Ă  l'imipĂ©nĂšme. L'Ăąge de moins de 20 ans(93,8%) (p=0,001) et l'hospitalisation en unitĂ© de soins intensifs (90,9%) (p=0,04) Ă©taient des facteurs derisque importants associĂ©s Ă  l'infection par les entĂ©robactĂ©ries productrices de BLSE.Conclusion: Les entĂ©robactĂ©ries productrices de BLSE responsables de bactĂ©riĂ©mie Ă  l'hĂŽpital universitaire deBefelatanana, Madagascar, sont rĂ©sistantes Ă  de nombreuses classes d'antibiotiques. Les carbapĂ©nĂšmes etl'amikacine sont les antibiotiques de choix. Mots clĂ©s: BLSE, entĂ©robactĂ©ries, bactĂ©riĂ©mie, rĂ©sistance aux antibiotiques   &nbsp

    Situation de la sécurité sanitaire des denrées alimentaires à Madagascar

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    RĂ©sumé— La prĂ©sente Ă©tude sur l’analyse de la situation sanitaire des denrĂ©es alimentaires Ă  Madagascar, entre 2016 et la fin du mois de septembre 2020, rĂ©vĂšle l’augmentation des cas de TIA, de 398 cas Ă  908 cas, avec un pic remarquable de 1159 cas en 2019. Cette croissance des cas de TIA dĂ©rive de la croissance des TIAC de 1056 cas en 2019, touchant onze rĂ©gions, aprĂšs consommation d’aliments Ă  base de sauce mayonnaise et d’autres aliments, contaminĂ©s par la salmonella d’une part, et d’autre part, de celle des ICAM de 322 cas en 2020, concernant trois rĂ©gions, aprĂšs ingestion de tortues de mer (50,93%), des poissons de mer non dĂ©finis (38,51%), des requins (8,07%) et des oursins de mer (2,48%), respectivement contaminĂ©s par les biotoxines marines provoquant le chĂ©lonitoxisme, le ciguatoxisme et le carchatoxisme, et par la palytoxine. La prĂ©sente Ă©tude a Ă©galement montrĂ© que l’insuffisance de la sĂ©curitĂ© sanitaire des denrĂ©es alimentaires dĂ©coule des faiblesses et des menaces liĂ©es aux facteurs Ă©tiologiques, institutionnels, environnementaux, et inhĂ©rents aux exploitants alimentaires. Ainsi, des recommandations sont apportĂ©es afin de rĂ©duire les menaces et faiblesses liĂ©es Ă  ces diffĂ©rents facteurs. Par consĂ©quent, elles contribuent fortement Ă  assurer la sĂ©curitĂ© alimentaire, amĂ©liorer la sĂ©curitĂ© nutritionnelle, promouvoir l’agriculture durable, garantir le bien ĂȘtre de tous Ă  tous Ăąges, et atteindre les objectifs de dĂ©veloppement durable Ă  l’horizon 2030. Mots-clĂ©s—analyses; denrĂ©es alimentaires ; gouvernance ; management; sĂ©curitĂ© sanitaire. Abstract— This study on the analysis of the food safety situation in Madagascar, between 2016 and the end of September 2020, reveals an increase in foodborne disease cases, from 398 cases to 908 cases, with a remarkable peak of 1159 cases in 2019. This growth in food-borne illnesses cases is derived from the growth in collective food-borne illnesses cases of 1056 cases in 2019, affecting eleven regions, following the consumption of food containing mayonnaise sauce and other food, contaminated with salmonella, on the one hand, and on the other hand, from the growth in intoxications through the consumption of marine animals of 322 cases in 2020, involving three regions, after ingestion of sea turtles (50.93%), undefined sea fish (38.51%), sharks (8.07%) and sea urchins (2.48%), respectively contaminated by marine biotoxins causing chelonitoxism, ciguatoxism and carchatoxism, and by palytoxin. This study also confirmed that the inadequacy of food safety in Madagascar stems from weaknesses and threats related to etiological, institutional, environmental, and farmer-related factors. To this end, recommendations are made, in order to reduce to an acceptable level the threats and weaknesses related to these different factors. As a result, they make an important contribution to ensuring food security, improving nutritional security, promoting sustainable agriculture, ensuring the well-being of all people at all ages, and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030.

    Phenomenological Description of Double-Pion Photoproduction

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    Double pion photoproduction off proton targets is studied, in the framework of an Effective Lagrangian approach at tree level, based on the coupling of photons and pions to nucleons and resonances. We consider N, Δ(1232), N(1440), N(1520) and N(1535) as intermediate baryonic states and ρ-meson as the intermediate 2π resonance. The general form of the amplitude is presented and total cross sections of the Îłp → π+π− p, Îłp → π0π0p and Îłp → π +π0n processes are evaluated up to EÎł = 800 MeV. We fit our theoretical calculation to the experimental data and extract some previously unknown parameters. Furthermore, single pion photoproduction is studied and analysis of the axial anomaly using the ÎłÏ€+ → π+π 0 reaction near threshold is presented

    HĂ©mogramme chez les hypertendus vus au laboratoire du CHU-HJRB d’Antananarivo en 2013

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    Introduction: L’hĂ©mogramme est un bilan biologique de routine demandĂ© chez tout patient souffrant d’Hypertension ArtĂ©rielle (HTA). Cette Ă©tude se propose de dĂ©crire les rĂ©sultats d’hĂ©mogramme chez les hypertendus et d’identifier les pathologies associĂ©es. MĂ©thodes: Il s’agit d’une Ă©tude rĂ©trospective type descriptif s’étalant du 01 DĂ©cembre 2012 au 31 DĂ©cembre 2013 au laboratoire du Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire HĂŽpital Joseph Raseta Befelatanana (CHU-HJRB) d’Antananarivo. Tous les registres des rĂ©sultats des hypertendus demandant un hĂ©mogramme ont Ă©tĂ© exploitĂ©s. RĂ©sultats: Parmi les 151 hypertendus, 91 (60,3%) ont prĂ©sentĂ© des hĂ©mogrammes pathologiques. Parmi ces derniers, 64 (70,4%) ont montrĂ© un seul type d’anomalie et 27 (29,6 %) des anomalies multiples. Les anĂ©mies (33,91%), les hyperleucocytoses (33,04%), les polyglobulies (10,43%) et les leucopĂ©nies (9,57%) sont les plus frĂ©quentes. Pour les anomalies multiples, les anĂ©mies associĂ©es aux hyperleucocytoses sont les plus observĂ©es (29,6 %). Les anĂ©mies microcytaires (41 %) et les hyperleucocytoses Ă  polynuclĂ©aires neutrophiles sont les plus dominantes (47,4 %). Les patients hospitalisĂ©s en nĂ©phrologie (90%) et en endocrinologie (81,3%) sont les plus concernĂ©s (p=0,008). Les hypertendus moins de 20 ans (100%) et les femmes (61,5%) sont les plus affectĂ©s (p>0,05). Les crises convulsives (100%), les oedĂšmes des membres infĂ©rieurs (100%) et le diabĂšte (70%) sont les signes et pathologies associĂ©s les plus rencontrĂ©s (p>0,05). Conclusion: L’hĂ©mogramme doit ĂȘtre prescrit chez tout patient hypertendu pour connaĂźtre les affections sous-jacentes qui seront traitĂ©es simultanĂ©ment avec l’HTA. Ainsi, le patient hypertendu sera pris en charge convenablement et son espĂ©rance de vie sera amĂ©liorĂ©e.Pan African Medical Journal 2016; 2

    DECISION-MAKING PROCESS AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC DYNAMICS OF AGRICULTURAL ACTORS THE CASE OF A METHANISATION UNIT IN THE NORTH OF FRANCE

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    Currently, the agricultural sector is facing new challenges. In addition to meeting the population's food needs in sufficient quantity and quality, it must fulfill new energy and environmental functions as well as other non-food uses such as biomaterials and biomolecules. At the regional scale, there is an increase of non-food valorization projects of biomass, including the methanisation plants. In France, the methanisation sector is in full swing with a national target of 1,000 plants by 2020, as defined in the Energy Methanisation Nitrogen Energy plan (EMAA). The development of methanisation sector generates a regional dynamic involving different stakeholders and linking various business sectors. Then the regional methanisation becomes a collective process in which farmers, industrialists, waste managers and local communities are engaged. The objective of this communication consists on understanding the socio-economic conditions in which this kind of regional projects have emerged. For this purpose, the “Centrale de BiomĂ©thane du Vermandois”, a regional methanisation plant in the north of France was studied. This analysis contributes to identify the nature of the expectations of the actors engaged, to better understand the governance in place and the decision-making processes surrounding the project. The results show the success factors but also the difficulties of implementation and development of the project. The results also highlight the main motivations of farmers to join the biogas project

    Real-Time Power-Efficient Integration of Multi-Sensor Occupancy Grid on Many-Core

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    International audienceSafe Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) will emerge when comprehensive perception systems will be successfully integrated into vehicles. Advanced perception algorithms, estimating the position and speed of every obstacle in the environment by using data fusion from multiple sensors, were developed for AV prototypes. Computational requirements of such application prevent their integration into AVs on current low-power embedded hardware. However, recent emerging many-core architectures offer opportunities to fulfill the automotive market constraints and efficiently support advanced perception applications. This paper, explores the integration of the occupancy grid multi-sensor fusion algorithm into low power many-core architectures. The parallel properties of this function are used to achieve real-time performance at low-power consumption. The proposed implementation achieves an execution time of 6.26ms, 6× faster than typical sensor output rates and 9× faster than previous embedded prototypes

    Facteurs AssociĂ©s Et AntibiorĂ©sistance Des Cocci A Gram Positif Responsables D’infections Urinaires

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    Les infections urinaires dues aux cocci Ă  Gram positif commencent Ă  devenir de plus en plus frĂ©quentes actuellement. Les objectifs de la prĂ©sente Ă©tude consistent Ă  dĂ©crire les facteurs associĂ©s et Ă©valuer l’antibiorĂ©sistance des cocci Ă  Gram positif responsables d’infection urinaire. Il s’agit d’une Ă©tude rĂ©trospective et analytique pendant une pĂ©riode de 08 mois allant du mois de Janvier au mois d’AoĂ»t 2022 au laboratoire du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Joseph Raseta Befelatanana. La population d’étude a Ă©tĂ© constituĂ© par tous les rĂ©sultats des ECBU pendant la pĂ©riode d’étude. Par les 524 rĂ©sultats d’ECBU, 33 cas (6,3%) ont rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© des infections urinaires Ă  cocci Ă  Gram positif montrant 21 (63,6%) entĂ©rocoques, 7 (21,2%) staphylocoques et 5 (15,2%) streptocoques. Concernant les facteurs associĂ©s, les femmes (7,1%)(p=0,36 ; NS), les sujets ĂągĂ©s de 40 Ă  50 ans (7,4%)(p=0,68 ; NS), les patients prĂ©sentant des troubles urinaires (7,7%)(p=0,36 ; NS) et hospitalisĂ©s dans les services de rĂ©animation (13,3%)(p=0,03) ont Ă©tĂ© les plus affectĂ©s par les infections urinaires Ă  cocci Ă  Gram positif. Concernant l’antibiorĂ©sistance des cocci Ă  Gram positif, elle varie de 0% pour la vancomycine Ă  69,7% pour l’érythromycine. En bref, il est nĂ©cessaire de bien respecter les mesures d’hygiĂšne dans les hĂŽpitaux, d’amĂ©liorer la prise en charge des patients vulnĂ©rables et de limiter l’utilisation des antibiotiques Ă  large spectre afin de mieux contrĂŽler l’émergence des cocci Ă  Gram positif responsables d’infection urinaire.   Urinary tract infections due to Gram-positive cocci are starting to become more and more frequent these days. The objectives of this study are to describe the associated factors and evaluate the antibiotic resistance of Gram-positive cocci responsible for urinary tract infections. This is a retrospective and analytical study for a period of 08 months from January to August 2022 at the laboratory of the University Hospital Center Joseph Raseta Befelatanana. The study population were represented by all CBEU results during the study period. Out of the 524 CBEU results, 33 cases (6.3%) revealed Gram-positive cocci urinary tract infections showing 21 (63.6%) enterococci, 7 (21.2%) staphylococci and 5 (15.2%) streptococci. Regarding the associated factors, women (7.1%)(p=0.36; NS), subjects aged 40 to 50 (7.4%)(p=0.68; NS), patients with urinary disorders (7.7%)(p=0.36; NS) and hospitalized in intensive care (13.3)(p=0.03) were the most affected by Gram-positive cocci urinary infections. Regarding the antibiotic resistance of Gram-positive cocci, it varies from 0% for vancomycin to 69.7% for erythromycin. In short, it is necessary to respect hygiene measures in hospitals, to improve the management of vulnerable patients and to limit the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics in order to better control the emergence of Gram-positive cocci responsible for urinary tract infections
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