Climate change and changing landscape - a coparativ evaluation on chinese and hungarian sample areas

The effects of globalisation are becoming obvious not only in the world economy but in natural processes as well. Increase of deterioration of natural conditions result in more and more decrease of land and water resources. Some experts even suggest that the changing climate of the next several decades can result in the transformation of the natural landscape. Human activities, global and regional changes of climate and land use destroy the ecological environment, which also make the service function of the local ecosystem damaged constantly. We can improve ecological security of an area through regional land use pattern opti-mizing. The physical geographical consequences of aridification might be described through the decrease of ground water level, the change of the biomass quantity and quality. Their spatial and temporal variation may reflect the intensity and strength of degradation. Remote sensing is one of the best tools to follow these processes, applying different databases. Spatial analysis of the gained information may help us to delineate the areas potentially endangered by even a minor climate change

Spatial risk assessment of hydrological extremities : Inland excess water hazard, Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg Country, Hungary

Inland excess water hazard was regionalized and digitally mapped using auxiliary spatial environmental information for a county in Eastern Hungary. Quantified parameters representing the effect of soil, geology, groundwater, land use and hydrometeorology on the formulation of inland excess water were defined and spatially explicitly derived. The complex role of relief was characterized using multiple derivatives computed from a DEM. Legacy maps displaying inland excess water events were used as a reference dataset. Regression kriging was applied for spatial inference with the correlation between environmental factors and inundation determined using multiple linear regressions. A stochastic factor derived through kriging the residual was added to the regression results,thus producing the final inundation hazard map. This may be of use for numerous landrelated activities

Mortality and the relationship of somatic comorbidities to mortality in schizophrenia. A nationwide matched-cohort study.

AIM: We conducted a matched-cohort study to assess mortality in schizophrenia and the relationship of mortality with comorbid somatic conditions and suicide attempts. METHOD: A full-population register-based prospective matched-cohort study was performed including all eligible patients with schizophrenia in Hungary between 01/01/2005 and 31/12/2013. Control subjects were individually matched to patients with schizophrenia at a 5:1 ratio. The principal outcome measure was death due to any reason. A non-parametric approach was used for descriptive statistical purposes, the Kaplan-Meier model for survival analysis, and the Cox proportional-hazards regression model for inferential statistics. RESULTS: Patients with schizophrenia (n=65,169) had substantially higher risk of all-cause mortality than the control subjects (n=325,435) (RR=2.4; P<0.0001). Comorbidities and suicide attempts were associated with significantly increased mortality in both groups. As compared to the controls, 20-year old males with schizophrenia had a shorter life expectancy by 11.5years, and females by 13.7years; the analogous numbers for 45-year old schizophrenics were 8.1 and 9.6years, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: A significant mortality gap - mainly associated with somatic comorbidities - was detected between patients with schizophrenia and individually matched controls. Improved medical training to address the disparity in mortality, and many other factors including lack of resources, access to and model of medical care, lifestyle, medication side effects, smoking, stigma, need for early intervention and adequate health care organization could help to better address the physical health needs of patients with schizophrenia