Some questions to increase the labor activity of disabled people

The article is devoted to some questions of increase of labor activity of people with disabilities. The authors believe that increasing the labour activity of disabled people can contribute to the development of innovative and nontraditional forms of employment, which are closely related to Informatization of the society. This approach should be considered when drawing up employment programmes for disabled people, because today it is possible to create a workspace for many specialties almost everywhere where there is Internet or other modern means of telecommunication. People with limited employment opportunities may engage in any activity to establish a relationship with organizations which carry out their activities remotely through the Internet. Remote work is an innovative employment for people with disabilities, and has a number of advantages: flexible, work at home, lack of adaptation process in the workplace, an optional compliance work specialty, etc. Authors are highlighted in a number of employment opportunities for outsourcing and employment. Employment of persons with disabilities through outsourcing means a certain organization of their work and represents a system of measures to ensure rational use of the workforce. Social work allows a disabled person to participate in socially important activities, which corresponds to the age of the person and his capabilities. Social employment is able to carry out such processes as social and productive adaptation, integration of the disabled into the workforce in a way of life that is most suitable to their age. This type of employment from a material point of view is not significant, it is largely social in nature. According to the authors, a way of promoting the employment of disabled persons is individual counseling, where consultants areemployment professionals in employment, help the disabled to get employed atregular jobs.Статья посвящена некоторым вопросам повышения трудовой активности инвалидов. Авторы считают, что повышению трудовой активности инвалидов может способствовать развитие инновационных и нетрадиционных форм занятости, которые тесно связаны с информатизацией общества. Этот подход необходимо учитывать при составлении программ содействия занятости для инвалидов, ведь сегодня есть возможность создать рабочее место по многим специальностям почти везде, где есть Интернет, либо другие современные телекоммуникационные средства. Человек с ограниченными трудовыми возможностями может заниматься какой-либо деятельностью в интернете или установить связь с организациями, которые осуществляют свою деятельность дистанционно, посредством интернета. Дистанционный труд является инновационным видом занятости для инвалидов, и обладает целым рядом преимуществ: гибкий график, занятие трудом в домашних условиях, отсутствие процесса адаптации в трудовом коллективе, необязательное соответствие трудовой специальности и т. д. Авторами особо выделяются в ряду возможностей трудоустройства аутсорсинг и социальная занятость. Трудовая занятость инвалидов на основе аутсорсинга означает определенную организацию их труда и представляет собой систему мероприятий, обеспечивающую рациональное использование рабочей силы. Социальная занятость позволяет инвалиду участвовать в общественно важной деятельности, которая соответствует возрасту человека и его возможностям. Социальная занятость способна осуществить такие процессы как социальная и производственная адаптация, интеграция инвалида в трудовой коллектив, в образ жизни, который наиболее подходит его возрасту. Данный вид занятости с материальной точки зрения не является существенным, он в большей степени носит социальный характер. По мнению авторов, способом содействия трудоустройству инвалидов является индивидуальное консультирование, где консультанты по трудоустройству – специалисты в сфере занятости, помогающие инвалидам трудоустраиваться на обычные рабочие места

Research of the influence of professional education of personnel on the volume of production of agricultural organizations in the region

The relevance of the study is due to the need to improve the efficiency of personnel management in agriculture at the meso-level, which is caused by the aggravation of the competition, directly related to globalization and the instability of intercountry interaction. In many regions of Russia, there are negative trends in the social and labor sphere of rural areas and a decrease in the share of agricultural enterprises. In these conditions, the priority is the development of import substitution and the active creation and implementation of innovations, which increases the requirements for professional education. The purpose of the article is to assess the impact of vocational education of personnel of agricultural organizations in municipal districts of the region on the annual volume of their production. In preparing the article, we used: monographic method; systemic, sectoral, decomposition and complex methodological approaches; structural-temporal analysis and regression analysis (in kind and in standardized form). A methodology has been developed for analyzing the staffing of agricultural organizations in municipal districts of the region and the impact of vocational education and its components on the volume of production; established an annual decrease in the number of people actually employed in agriculture; by constructing multivariate regression models, the influence of the number in groups of personnel categories on the volume of production of agricultural organizations in current prices was revealed. Models of closeness of connection are given on a natural scale and in standardized form, the latter provide an opportunity to compare the impact of each of the factors on the volume of production. The groups were identified that have direct and inverse relationships with the performance indicator. The obtained quantitative assessments of existing processes (including latent ones) significantly expand information support in the formation of personnel policy both at the meso-level and in organizations. Elimination of the existing negative phenomena will ensure an increase in the efficiency of agriculture as a production system. In the future, the continuation of this study is relevant, in particular, in the sectoral context, both in complex industries and in subsectors

Model of personal consumption under conditions of modern economy

© Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. In the conditions of the modern economy, in connection with the development of production, the expansion of the market for goods and services, its differentiation, active use of marketing tools in the sphere of sales, changes occur in the system of values and consumer needs. Motives that drive the consumer are transformed, stimulating it to activity. The article presents a model of personal consumption that takes into account modern trends in consumer behavior. The consumer, making a choice, seeks to maximize the overall utility from consumption, physiological and socio-psychological satisfaction, in accordance with his expectations, preferences and conditions of consumption. The system of his preferences is formed under the influence of factors of a different nature. It is also shown that the structure of consumer spending allows us to characterize and predict its further behavior in the market. Based on the proposed model and analysis of current trends in consumer behavior, conclusions and recommendations have been made that can be used by legislative and executive government bodies, business organizations, research centres and other structures to form a methodological and analytical tool for preparing a forecast model of consumption

Special economic zone as a local area of public-private parthership implementation

The article is devoted to studying the theoretical and practical aspects of special (free) economic zones' functioning. The authors, by analyzing the relationship between the Institute of public-private partnerships and special economic zones, proved that the special economic zones are not a form of public-private partnership, but the environment of its implementation

Evaluation of the implementation of entrepreneurial potential (on the example of the Republic of Tatarstan)

© Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. Increase in the number of small businesses and the lack of effectiveness of existing support at local and regional level have led to curb the development of entrepreneurial activity. The article presents the methodological tools for assessing the effectiveness, which allows to identify existing municipalities in the advantages and disadvantages for the implementation of entrepreneurial potential, including the effectiveness of state and municipal support measures, as well as calculate the degree of progress in the implementation of entrepreneurial potential. In order to evaluate the implementation of the business potential of the Republic of Tatarstan and the impact of their public support at the regional level was calculated indexes of business activity in the municipal districts (MD) of the republic. It should be noted that a major breakthrough in share of small and medium-sized businesses is important to the whole ecosystem. The method of evaluation of the implementation of entrepreneurial potential which is presented in this paper can be used by every competent organization to analyze and form the effective programs of the economic and finance development

Factor analysis of personal consumption in a modern welfare economy

© 2018 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved. The content and the structure of a personal consumption is an important factor determining the dynamics of economic and social indicators, since consumer expenditure accounts for more than half of total expenditures and determines the amount of investment into the human capital that, in the conditions of a postindustrial society, plays a decisive role in shaping sustainable economic growth rates and realizing a socially oriented national development strategy. The article analyses the peculiarities of the personal consumption process in the conditions of the modern welfare economy and its determinants, there is made an attempt to systematize and identify the interrelations between them, which will help in developing an objective forecast of GDP dynamics, on the basis of which state programs for social and economic development are formed

Connotation and Language culture

Among an array of language skills, which students should obtain during their university education, there are translating skills that will help them to fully comprehend their potential and will promote their knowledge, academic and research mobility. This paper addresses the problem of training and improvement of students’ translating skills and its targets are to reveal peculiarities of non-equivalent vocabulary and transferring from one language into another without distorting reality and without losing characteristics of language society. The leading approach to research is problem – thematic. The main results of research are in systematization of methods of translation. The materials of the article may be of interest for students and foreign language teachers.Keywords: Student, learning, education, teacher, translation, cultural component, vocabular

Comprehensive characterization of molecular interactions based on nanomechanics

Molecular interaction is a key concept in our understanding of the biological mechanisms of life. Two physical properties change when one molecular partner binds to another. Firstly, the masses combine and secondly, the structure of at least one binding partner is altered, mechanically transducing the binding into subsequent biological reactions. Here we present a nanomechanical micro-array technique for bio-medical research, which not only monitors the binding of effector molecules to their target but also the subsequent effect on a biological system in vitro. This label-free and real-time method directly and simultaneously tracks mass and nanomechanical changes at the sensor interface using micro-cantilever technology. To prove the concept we measured lipid vesicle (approximately 748*10(6) Da) adsorption on the sensor interface followed by subsequent binding of the bee venom peptide melittin (2840 Da) to the vesicles. The results show the high dynamic range of the instrument and that measuring the mass and structural changes simultaneously allow a comprehensive discussion of molecular interactions

Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Aetiology and Mechanisms of Development. A Literature Review

Liver cancer remains a global challenge of healthcare, with the incidence growing worldwide. According to various authors, over 1 million patients will be diagnosed with liver cancer each year by 2025. The molecular pathogenesis of HCC varies with respect to genotoxic lesions and aetiologies. Although our understanding of the HCC pathophysiology and drivers tends to improve, it is still distant from translation into clinical practice. About 25 % of HCC cases are associated with variant mutations. HCC pathophysiology is a complex multi-step process. The interaction of various factors underlies the early stages of malignant hepatocyte transformation towards the development of HCC. Overall, about 20–25 % of HCC patients have at least one potential driver mutation. Obesity should also be noted as being associated with a higher risk of HCC and various other cancers. Despite many issues in the HCC pathogenesis being already known, the unresolved questions remain. Modern molecular genetic diagnostics and animal modelling of malignant tumours are expanding our horizons of knowledge in this field

Клиническое, инструментальное и фармакологическое сопоставление больных хронической обструктивной болезнью легких и бронхиальной астмой в условиях реальной клинической практики

The objective of this study was to compare demographic, clinical, functional, laboratory data, and therapy in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma who seek for medical aid at medical institutions of Kazan’. Methods. The study involved 153 patients with COPD aged 33 to 89 years and 229 patients with asthma aged 18 to 87 years. Clinical status, rate of exacerbations, spirometric data, treatment and compliance during the previous year were analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS-18 software. Results. COPD patients were older (64.1 ± 0,7 vs 55.4 ± 0,9 years in asthma patients; p < 0,01), more often were males (98.7% vs 1.3%, p < 0.001) and smokers. Coronary heart disease (39.0% vs 25.3%; p < 0.010) and chronic heart failure (35.7% vs 17.5%; p < 0.001) were more common in patients with COPD, while rhinitis (42.4 % vs 3.9%; p < 0.001) and chronic kidney disease (13.1% vs 4.5%; p < 0.001) were more common in asthma patients. Allergic disease was 5-fold more often in asthma patients. Morning symptoms affected daily activity in 77.3% of COPD patients compared to 66.8% of asthma patients (p < 0.05). Generally, daytime activity was impaired in 55.2% of patients with COPD and in 12.7% of patients with asthma (p < 0.05). Excessive use of short-acting bronchodilators was noted at nighttime in 89.6% with COPD and 70.7% with asthma (p < 0.001). Other treatment was in line with guidelines for each the disease. The most convenient inhalational drug delivery device for COPD patients was a metered dosed inhaler, while patients with asthma preferred dry powder inhalers. Compliance of asthma patients was significantly higher than that of COPD patients (57.2% vs 27.8%; p < 0.001). The level of compliance did not change while fixed and free combinations of ICS and LABA or different inhalational devices were used in patients with COPD or asthma. Conclusion. There is a number of clinical signs to distinguish COPD and asthma quite easily in primary care facilities. Excessive use of short-acting bronchodilators and a low compliance of patients are issues requiring to be improved.Целью данного исследования явилась сравнительная оценка демографических, клинических, функциональных и лабораторных данных, характера терапии у больных хронической обструктивной болезнью легких (ХОБЛ) и бронхиальной астмой (БА), обратившихся за медицинской помощью в лечебные учреждения Казани. Материал и методы. Обследованы пациенты (n = 383) с ХОБЛ (n = 153; возраст – 33 года – 89 лет) и БА (n = 229; возраст – 18–87 лет). Предметом оценки явилось состояние больных, частота обострений, данные спирометрии, лечение и комплаентность в течение последнего года. Результаты. Различия пациентов с ХОБЛ и БА заключались в преобладании мужчин (98,7 % vs 1,3 %; p < 0,001), более старшем возрасте (64,1 ± 0,7 года vs 55,4 ± 0,9 года; p < 0,01) и высоком индексе курения соответственно. У больных ХОБЛ чаще встречались ишемическая болезнь сердца (39,0 % vs 25,3 %; p < 0,010) и хроническая сердечная недостаточность (35,7 % vs 17,5 %; p < 0,001); при БА чаще отмечались риниты (42,4 % vs 3,9 %; p < 0,001), хроническая болезнь почек (13,1 % vs 4,5 %; p < 0,001) и в 5 раз чаще – отягощенный аллергологический анамнез. У 77,3 % больных ХОБЛ утренние нарушения состояния здоровья оказывали влияние на дневную активность (при БА – в 66,8 % случаев; p < 0,05). В целом сниженная активность в течение дня наблюдалась у 55,2 % пациентов с ХОБЛ и 12,7 % больных БА (p < 0,05). Избыточное применение короткодействующих бронхолитических препаратов (КДБП) отмечалось ночью: в 89,6 % случаев – при ХОБЛ и в 70,7 % – при БА (p < 0,001), тогда как по остальным признакам лечение соответствовало клиническим рекомендациям по каждой из нозологий. Установлено, что наиболее удобным устройством доставки препаратов для больных ХОБЛ являлись дозированные аэрозольные, при БА – дозированные порошковые ингаляторы. Комплаентность при БА была достоверно выше, чем при ХОБЛ (57,2 % vs 27,8 % соответственно; p < 0,001). При применении фиксированных комбинаций и монотерапии ингаляционными глюкокортикостероидами / длительно действующими β2-адреномиметиками либо различных средств доставки у больных ХОБЛ и БА уровень комплаентности не различался. Заключение. По результатам исследования показано, что при ХОБЛ и БА наблюдается достаточно признаков, позволяющих различать их на уровне врача первичного звена здравоохранения. Среди выявленных проблем, требующих коррекции, установлены избыточное потребление КДБП и низкая комплаентность пациентов.