MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY AND MEDICINAL IMPORTANCE OF CLERODENDRUM INFORTUNATUM GAERTN. (VERBENACEAE), FOUND IN TADOBA NATIONAL PARK, INDIA

Clerodendron infortunatum Gaertn (Verbenaceae) is an important and widely used medicinal plant, reported to contain active bitter substance like clerodin, has been widely used as tonic and ant-helmintic agent in the countrysides of North India. Though, variously used in Ayurveda, Unani system of medicine and Homeopathy in case of ailments like diarrhea, skin disorders, venereal and scrofulous complaints, wounds, post-natal complications, as vermifuge, laxative and cholagogue, for the removal of ascarids in anus, as external applications on tumours, etc., the plant needs thorough investigation for its specific medicinal activity. Leaves and roots are used for external applications on tumours are due to the presence of Clerodolone, Clerodone, Clerodol and a sterol now designated as Clerosterol. Leaves and root extract is useful for the treatment of fresh wound. Percentage of haemoglobin increased due to leaf extract. Pile patient treated with leaf extract gives considerable relief. Sugar percentage reduced in diabetic patient. Slightly warm leaves applied with edible oil on the painful part of human body gives considerable relief within twelve hours. Seven sugars namely raffinose, lactose, maltose, sucrose, glactose, glucose and fructose were also identified from root extract. Pollen viability was assessed on the basis of hanging drop method. Reproductive success was assessed on the basis of fruit and seed se

GLI-IKBKE Requirement In KRAS-Induced Pancreatic Tumorigenesis: A Dissertation

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), one of the most aggressive human malignancies, is thought to be initiated by KRAS activation. Here, we find that transcriptional activation mediated by the GLI family of transcription factors, although dispensable for pancreatic development, is required for KRAS induced pancreatic transformation. Inhibition of GLI using a dominant-negative repressor (Gli3T) inhibits formation of precursor Pancreatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia (PanIN) lesions in mice, and significantly extends survival in a mouse model of PDAC. Further, ectopic activation of the GLI1/2 transcription factors in mouse pancreas accelerates KRAS driven tumor formation and reduces survival, underscoring the importance of GLI transcription factors in pancreatic tumorigenesis. Interestingly, we find that although canonical GLI activity is regulated by the Hedgehog ligands, in the context of PDAC, GLI transcription factors initiate a unique ligand-independent transcriptional program downstream of KRAS, that involves regulation of the RAS, PI3K/AKT, and NF-кB pathways. We identify I-kappa-B kinase epsilon (IKBKE) as a PDAC specific target of GLI, that can also regulate GLI transcriptional activity via positive feedback mechanism involving regulation of GLI subcellular localization. Using human PDAC cells, and an in vivo model of pancreatic neoplasia, we establish IKBKE as a novel regulator pf pancreatic tumorigenesis that acts as an effector of KRAS/GLI, and mediates pancreatic transformation. We show that genetic knockout of Ikbke leads to a dramatic inhibition of initiation and progression of pancreatic intraepithelial viii neoplasia (PanIN) lesions in mice carrying pancreas specific activation of oncogenic Kras. Furthermore, we find that although IKBKE is a known NF-кB activator, it only modestly regulates NF-кB activity in PDAC. Instead, we find that IKBKE strongly promotes AKT phosphorylation in PDAC in vitro and in vivo, and that IKBKE mediates reactivation of AKT post-inhibition of mTOR. We also show that while mTOR inhibition alone does not significantly affect pancreatic tumorigenesis, combined inhibition of IKBKE and mTOR has a synergistic effect leading to significant decrease tumorigenicity of PDAC cells. Together, our findings identify GLI/IKBKE signaling as an important oncogenic effector pathway of KRAS in PDAC that regulates tumorigenicity, cell proliferation, and apoptosis via regulation of AKT and NF-кB signaling. We provide proof of concept for therapeutic targeting of GLI/IKBKE in PDAC, and support the evaluation of IKBKE as a therapeutic target in treatment of pancreatic cancer, and IKBKE inhibition as a strategy to improve efficacy of mTOR inhibitors in the clinic

SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND BIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF M(II) COMPLEXES WITH2,3- BUTANEDIONE-3-MONOXIME

Objective: Various Schiff bases and their metal complexes have wide applications in various fields such as pharmaceuticals, analytical, clinical, biological etc due to theirbiological activity such as antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, antidiuretic, antioxidant etc. Materials and Methods: Reaction between 2,3-Butanedione-3-monoxime, 3/4-hydroxyphenyl and some hydrated metal salts of MnII gives complexes of the type [MnL22(H2O)].The ligands and the complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, magnetic susceptibility measurements and spectral (I.R., U.V.-Vis., N.M.R.) analysis.Anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activity of the schiff base ligands and their metal complexes have been studied using the agar well diffusion method and ditch diffusion method. Results:Spectroscopic study showsbidentate ligands and coordination occurs through oxime oxygen after deprotonation and nitrogen of azomethine group.Ligands and metal complexes shows activity against S. aureus (gm positive), P. aeruginosa (gm negative), Aspergillusniger and Candidaalbicans. Conclusion: The spectral and magnetic study suggests octahedral geometry for metal complexes.Metal complexesacts asmost promising antifungal and antibacterial against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as compared to Schiff bases

Modelling of the Crater Formation in Micro-EDM

AbstractA comprehensive electro-thermal model of micro-EDM has been used to simulate the crater formation process is presented. This model incorporates realistic machining conditions such as Gaussian distributed heat flux, temperature dependent thermal properties and expending plasma radius. The heat transfer equation and experimental measurements of a generated crater dimensions are used to determine the energy distribution fraction to the electrodes, a crucial parameter of the micro-EDM modelling. Simulation results show a good agreement with experimental results

Study of Z-source Inverter using Different Control Techniques

This paper represents study of Z-Source Inverter using different controlling techniques like simple boost control, maximum boost control, maximum constant boost control and space vector control. All the techniques were implemented in MATLAB/SIMULINK, also relation with voltage gain versus modulation index and voltage stress versus voltage gain were analyzed in detail and verified. It was observed that gain of Z-source inverter can be varied by varying its parameters like modulation index and shoot-through duty ratio. The comparison shows that even though simple boost control technique was having higher boost factor, Maximum constant boost control technique is most suitable in PWM technique

Unmanned Secured Delivery System

Now a days customers are mostly prefer online shopping and ordering, that brought the need for the delivery man. The rapid increase in usage of online ordering has increased the requirement of manpower to deliver in multiple folds. Drone based technology is being used to meet this requirement. The present automated drone delivery system has a few drawbacks like- The drone just drops the ordered package to the location without the concern of whether the customer is available there or not. There is no facility to change the location after ordering the package. This work focuses on the unmanned secure delivery system which will address the above mentioned drawbacks. By interfacing GPS and GSM module to the drone, the intelligence of changing the location of delivery can be inherited by the user. Secondly, once the drone reaches the location if the users do not input their pass code in the drone via a keypad provided, the drone will not release the package. In this condition the drone will send an SMS to the user about the failure to deliver the package and will fly back to the vendor’s control station

Familial treacher collins syndrome- from an obstetrician’s view

A number of genetic syndromes have been identified and can be diagnosed antenatally using ultrasonography signifying the importance of antenatal care. We report a rare case of familial treacher collins syndrome diagnosed postnatally that shows difficulties faced by an obstetrician to safely manage such cases.

Assessment of comparative Efficacy of Nirgundipatra Upanaha and Trayodashang Guggulu with Diclofenac sodium Gel and Ibuprofen in the Management of Snayugata Vata Affecting Koorpara Sandhi (Tennis Elbow)

Background: Pain disturbs the routine and regular activities of each and every individual. Snayugata Vata affecting Koorpara Sandhi or Tennis elbow is one such condition, in which pain is the major feature.Though described asself-limiting, effective treatment can shorten the duration of symptoms and allow the patient to perform day to day activities without pain.Objectives: To assess the comparative efficacy of Nirgundipatra Upanaha and Trayodashang Guggulu with Diclofenac sodium Gel and  Ibuprofen in reducing pain and functional disability in the Management of Snayugata Vata affecting Koorpara Sandhi  (Tennis Elbow).Methodology: Procedure in this study, 100 patients will be separated haphazardly into 2 groups (50 in each). In Group A (Experimental Group) Nirgundipatra Upanaha(Local application) once daily and 2 Tablets of Trayodashang Guggulu 500mg each twice a day will be given orally for 21 days and Group B (Control Group)– Diclofenac sodium gel for Local application once daily and 1Tablet of Ibuprofen 500mg twice a day orally will be given for 21 days. Evaluation will be recorded on 0,7, 14, 21 and 28th day.Expected Results:Reduction in painwill be observed with the help of objective and subjective parameters.