Evaluation of In vitro and In vivo Antioxidant potential of Morinda reticulata Gamble Tubers in Wistar Albino Rats Subjected to CCl4 and Paracetamol induced Hepatotoxicity

The aim of present study is to explore the antioxidant potential of ethanol and aqueous extracts of Morinda reticulata Gamble by in vitro and in vivo methods.  In vitro antioxidant activity of Benzene, Chloroform, Ethanol and aqueous extracts of  M. reticulata was studied by DPPH, Metal chelating, Super oxide free radical scavenging assay, Hydroxyl radical scavenging assay and Reducing power assay where ascorbic acid was used as a standard antioxidant. Oxidative stress in Wistar rats was induced by two different models using administration of CCl4 (1.5 ml/kg, p.o) and paracetamol (2g/kg) on seventh day of study. Ethanol and aqueous extracts were given twice daily for one week. Silymarin (25 mg/kg, p.o) was given as a standard drug. In in vitro, IC50 values were least with ethanol and aqueous extracts when compared with other extracts. Ethanol extracts exhibited similar free radical scavenging effect as that of standard ascorbic acid.  In vivo antioxidant activity was assessed by the measurement of Melondyaldehyde (MDA), Reduced Glutathione (GSH), Super oxide dismutase (SOD) and Total protein levels were estimated from the liver tissue homogenate. The level of MDA (3.27±2.18) was significantly (p˂0.001) increased whereas decreased level of total protein, GSH and SOD were found in CCl4 and paracetamol control group. Seven days extracts treatments restored these altered parameters in to normal where ethanol extract treatment group showed significant (p˂0.001) result than aqueous extract. HPTLC study showed that presence of six phytoconstituents with corresponding Rf value. The study report concluded that M.reticulata has very good antioxidant effect against CCl4 and paracetamol induced liver damage with oxidative stress. Probable mechanism behind this protection against oxidative damage produced by CCl4 and paracetamol is its phytoconstiuents

Antioxidant potential of Drosera peltata in Dalton Ascites Lymphoma (DAL) bearing mice

Cancer is one of the prominent causes of death reported by World Health Organization (WHO). The purpose of this study was to measure the antioxidant status of animals treated with 250 and 500 mg/kg doses of ethanol and aqueous extract of Drosera peltata on Dalton Ascites Lymphoma (DAL) inoculated mice. A total of 70 mice were divided into 7 groups, each group with ten mice. The first group (negative control) received normal food and water for 14 days and was kept under normal conditions. The second group also received normal food and water for 14 days, which was used as a cancer (positive) control. The third group received 5-fluorouracil (20 mg/kg, i.p.) once a day for 14 days. The fourth and fifth group animals received 250 and 500 mg/kg of ethanol extracts of D. peltata (EEDP) whereas the sixth and seventh groups of mice received 250 and 500 mg/kg of aqueous extracts of D. peltata (AEDP), orally for 14 days. All the groups were inoculated with DAL (2 × 106 cells/mouse, i.p.) except group I, 24 hours before the commencement of the drug treatment. After the completion of treatment, blood was drawn retro-orbitally and the animals were sacrificed to isolate the liver, lungs, kidneys, and brain for observing tissue antioxidant status. The parameters analyzed were total protein (TP), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (P), and glutathione (GSH) from the tissues apart, and the protein carbonyl content (PCC) also measured from the blood sample. Treatment with EEDP and AEDP significantly lowered the MDA levels from 23 to 10 mmol/ml in the blood, whereas from 28 to 4 nm/g in tissue isolates of the liver, lungs, kidneys, and brain. It also raised the TP, GSH, SOD, CAT, and P levels in the blood and in the tissue samples of the cancer cell line inoculated animals, where their levels were close to those observed in control (negative) group animals. The results proposed that both extracts of D. peltata ameliorated various tissue antioxidant levels in mice with DAL cancer lines comparable to the negative control