Rural Community Teachers’ Awareness and Attitude on Learning Challenges

In rural landscapes, teachers are unsung education heroes, facing challenges like limited professional growth, inadequate infrastructure, and the need to innovate teaching methods for diverse student needs. They shape their communities’ education through adaptability and evolution. A September 2022 study conducted in Coimbatore district of Tamil Nadu surveyed 149 rural primary school teachers, using self-developed questionnaires on background information, awareness of learning challenges, and attitudes toward them. Reliability, measured with Cronbach’s Alpha, showed scores of 0.829 for awareness and 0.854 for attitudes. Results revealed that most teachers had moderate awareness, with some displaying low awareness and manyholding neutral attitudes, which could turn unfavorable over time. Linear regression highlighted associations with age, experience, and class type. Experience emerged as the main predictor for both awareness and attitude, implying that more experience leads to improved awareness and attitude. These findings can guide stakeholders in supporting rural educators, benefitting students across geographical boundaries

An integrated multiple layer perceptron-genetic algorithm decision support system for photovoltaic power plant site selection

There is a need for non-renewable energy sources in generation of power for almost every domestic and commercial purposes. This source of energy helps in the development of a country. Because of the increasing usage of the fossil fuels and depletion of these resources, our focus has been shifted towards the renewable sources of energy like solar, water and wind. Therefore, in the present scenario, the usage of renewable sources has been increasing rapidly. Selection of a solar power plant (SPP) requires environmental factor, local terrain, and local weather issues. Thus, a large amount of investment is required for installation. Multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) is a method that identifies one in choosing the best sites among the other proposed options. This paper gives a detailed study of optimal ranking of SPP site using analytical hierarchy process (AHP), multiple layer perceptron (MLP) neural network trained with back propagation (BP) algorithm and genetic algorithm (GA). Three SPP sites of India were considered and various important criteria like local weather, geographical location, and environmental factors are included in our study as SPP site selection is a multi-criteria problem. A precise comparison of these three methods is listed in this paper

Assessment of incidence of post-operative wound infection in women undergoing caesarean section: a retrospective study

Background: The surgical site infection is the second most common infectious complication occurring after caesarean section. Infections occurring after caesarean section represent a considerable burden to the healthcare systems and preventing these complications is a priority of healthcare systems especially in developing countries. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of SSI in patients undergoing a LSCS at a RIMS teaching hospital, Raichur, and to identify risk factors, common bacterial pathogens and antibiotic sensitivity.Methods: The present retrospective study was conducted in RIMS Institute, during a period of 3 years i.e. from 2013-2016. In this study a total of 50 cases were collected from MRD department. They were divided into two groups- cases and controls, each having 50 subjects each. Wound infection was defined as inflammation or sepsis with or without positive bacterial cultures. With SSI, there may be fever, redness, swelling and/or pain in the area around the incision site. Complete information regarding demographic data, the type and indication for caesarean section, duration of labour, duration of surgery and rupture of membrane were recorded. Wound infections occuring after 30 days of LSCS & other gynaecological surgeries were excluded. All the results were analyzed by SPSS software 16.0. Chi-square test and student t test were used for the assessment of level of significance. Probability value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.Results: A total of 100 subjects were included in the present study, out of which, 50 were cases and the remaining 50 were controls. The mean age of the subjects was 37.45 years. There were 7 cases and 13 controls who were aged between 20-24 years. There was no significant difference amongst cases and controls regarding age. There was a significant difference in the haemoglobin levels amongst cases and controls. The third criterion that was assessed was duration of labour. Majority of the cases had prolonged labour whereas in majority of the controls, the duration of labour of labour was less than 6 hours. There was a significant difference in duration of labour amongst cases and controls (p<0.05). Elective c section was done in 2 cases and 6 controls. C section was performed in an emergency in 48 cases and 44 controls. There was a significant difference in the operation time between cases and controls (p<0.05). E.coli infection occurred in 15 cases in the present study followed by Actinobacter species which occurred in 13 cases. Absence of growth was seen in 5 cases.Conclusions: The risk factors associated with SSI in our study were, haemoglobin levels, prolonged labour, duration of operation. The most common organisms isolated were E. coli and Actinobacter species

Effect of Annealing on Metal-Oxide Nanocluster

Recently, the development of optoelectronic devices based on metal-oxide nanocluster has attracted intensive research interest. Nanoclusters are suitable for these because of their large surface-to-volume ratio and the presence of abundant oxygen vacancies or trap states. Metal–oxides such as ZnO, In2O3, and TiO2 synthesized using different technique produces high surface area films consisting of clusters and provides complete control over the film morphology. In this chapter, some of the metal oxides nanocluster film has investigated, and the effect of annealing on the structural, optical and electrical properties of the grown films when subjected to different annealing temperatures will be studied. Theoretically, these properties are presumed to improve after the heat treatment as the crystallinity, and the grain size of the film has increased due to the diminishing of oxygen vacancies. Thus, the greater surface-to-volume ratio, the better stoichiometry and higher level of crystallinity compared to bulk materials make nanocluster-based devices very promising for the mentioned application

Evidence for transcription attenuation rendering cryptic a sigmaS- dependent promoter of the osmotically regulated proU operon of Salmonella typhimurium

The osmotically regulated proU locus in Escherichia coli has two promoters, P1 and P2, that are recognized, respectively, by the &#963; S- and &#963; 70-bearing RNA polymerase holoenzymes. However, the equivalent of the P1 promoter does not appear to exist in Salmonella typhimurium. We demonstrate in this study that wild-type S. typhimurium has a cryptic P1 promoter that is recognized by &#963; S RNA polymerase in vitro and that a 22-bp deletion from +63 to +84 (relative to the start site of transcription) confers &#963; S-dependent in vivo expression of a reporter gene fusion to P1. Primer extension analysis of RNA isolated from cells carrying the wild-type and mutant S. typhimurium proU constructs indicated that a primer which hybridizes proximal to +60 is able to detect P1-initiated transcripts from both constructs but a primer which hybridizes distal to +85 is able to do so only from the latter. Our results suggest that the &#963; S-controlled proU P1 promoter in S. typhimurium may be rendered cryptic because of factor-dependent transcription attenuation within a short distance downstream of the promoter start site

Identification and Modelling of Religious Tourism Supply Chain Enablers in Post-Covid Era Using ISM

Post-Covid-19 pandemic, the supply chains of all the trades faced a setback, but the tourism sector faced an extended jolt of this disaster. Religious tourism, which has been adding a sizeable revenue to Indian GDP, came to a downfall. This manuscript aims to identify and model the enablers of the religious tourism supply chain for reviving the economy in the post-Covid era. The research paper elucidates that post-shock of Covid-19, understanding religious tourism enablers will provide opportunities to all the stakeholders of this chain. Eleven enablers for the religious tourism supply chain were identified. The modelling of these enablers using ISM (Interpretive Structural Modelling), provides insight into their hierarchy and interdependence upon each other. The ISM model also illustrates that the enabler Pilgrims belief and value, a mandatory obligation is the most crucial enabler and influence all other enablers. Religious tourism supply chain stakeholders can employ this model to formulate strategies to overcome the post-pandemic challenges. Subsequently focusing upon the key enablers essential in reviving the tourism sector economy.

Developing banking habits through Financial Literacy

A sound banking system with a sound banking habits can accelerate the pace of development of an economy. It is rightly said that banking habits is the key factor that contribute to economic development. Thus it is very important for every country to cultivate the banking habits especially among unbanked. And this can be possible by providing right understanding of economic and financial literacy, apart from providing employment opportunities resulting into rising income and growing urbanization. In this paper the authors identify the reason behind low banking habits among people and suggest certain measure to overcome this problems

Interaction of 3-Hydroxypicolinamide with TbIII and its Sensitizing Effect on Terbium Luminescence as a Function of pH and Medium

Coordination behaviour of 3-hydroxypicolinamide (HPA) towards TbIII is studied in aqueous and micellar media. The complex formed exists asML2 species in which HPA behaves as anO,O,N,N-chelating ligand. The solid complex is isolated from aqueous medium and characterized employing elemental analysis, TG/DTA, magnetic, IR, ESR and mass spectral data. Stability constant and other accompanying thermodynamic parameters of the TbIII complex have been determined pHmetrically. The complexation reaction is  spontaneous and exothermic. Effect of micelles andpHon the luminescence of TbIII were also studied. The emission peaks of TbIII are highly sensitized on complexation with HPA and the optimum luminescence  efficiency is obtained in slightly acidic to neutral solutions (pH 6–8). The complex decays biexponentially and the presence of ethanol and surfactants causes a large increase in the luminescence intensity protecting the complex fromradiationless deactivation processes.KEYWORDS: 3-Hydroxypicolinamide, stability constant, micelles, terbium luminescence, sensitization

In-vitro drug release study: preparation and evaluation of chitosan anchored nanoparticles

Cancer has become a solemn threat to the life of human beings universally. Various strategies are available to steadfastness cancer; however they are not so effective owed to their serious side effects, noxious effect to healthy cells and non- specificity to cancer cells targeting. To tenacity above facts we try to deed inherent characters of cancer cells. HA was used as a targeting agent for drug delivery to breast cancer cells. In this work nanoparticles were equipped using chitosan and sodium tripolyphosphate encapsulating methotrexate. Methotrexate (Mtx) a folic acid antagonist that inhibits dihydrofolatereductase (DHFR) and blocks conversion of dihydrofolic acid (DHFA) to tetrahydrofolic acid (THFA) of the cell cycle. Chitosan anchored nanoparticles were prepared by ionotropic gelation method by means of sodium tripolyphosphate and evalauted for in-vitro drug release study with dialysis membrane. Result depicts that drug releases from chitosan nanoparticles in sustained manner over a prolonged episode of time from the NPs as the medium acidity enhanced at the target site, not in plasma. In conclusion, chitosan anchored nanoparticles of MTX could be well thought-out as probable candidate for drug delivery in the treatment of breast cancer. Keywords: Breast cancer, Methotrexate, Chitosan, TPP and Nanoparticles

PHARMACOVIGILANCE STUDY OF ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY IN HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS/ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME PATIENTS AT ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY CENTRE, JABALPUR

Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of antiretroviral therapy along with its causality, severity, and preventability.Method: A prospective as well as a retrospective observational study with a sample size of 260, jointly conducted in the Department of Pharmacology and antiretroviral therapy (ART) center of N.S.C.B. Medical College Jabalpur, India, from March 2016 to July 2017. We observed various ADRs to ART in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients and assessed causality, severity, and preventability of the reported ADRs as per the standard scales.Results: A total of 260 patients were enrolled of which 220 (84.6%) patients developed a total of 425 ADRs. Maximum 51.7% of ADRs were caused by TLE followed by 37% with ZLN regimen. Most common ADRs were dizziness 18.6%, rashes 14.6%, anemia 10.6%, and vomiting 6.6%. Dizziness and rashes are mainly caused by TLE and ZLN regimen, respectively. Management of ADRs with a change in the regimen was applied as an interventional tool in 40% of the patients. Causality assessment as per the WHO-UMC scale showed that 55.5% of ADR were probable and 45.5% were possible. 84.5% of ADR was not preventable, while 15.5% of ADRs were probably preventable. 38% of ADRs were mild, 56% were moderate, and 6% were severe in nature.Conclusion: Antiretrovirals, however, the milestone for the treatment of HIV/AIDS have very high potential for developing ADRs. Hence, active pharmacovigilance is needed for not only safety of the patients but also compliance to the treatment which is necessary for optimal therapeutic outcomes and to improve quality of life