Mental Health Services in India

India has a population of over 800 million of which about 20 million are suffering from a mental illness. In terms of numbers of patients alone, mental health planners are presented with quite a challenge. How the challenge is being met is the topic of this article. Governmental efforts need to be augmented by voluntary agencies and private practitioners for optimal mental health care. Despite deficiencies, India is a pace setter for many developing countries. It has the political will to initiate needed changes. Aftercare services for the mentally ill should be a top future priority

SEGREGATION AND LONELINESS OF FEMALE CHARACTERS OF MIRIAM TOEWS

Miriam Toews is a prominent and profound writer in Canada. She has received a number of literary awards for her works. Governal General Award, Writer Trust Findley Award and Roger Writer’s Trust Fiction Prize are her major and notable awards. As a degree holder of BA in Film study, she worked in CBC (Canadian Broadcasting Corporation) yet she wrote number of stories, scripts and hilarious works for CBC. As she was born to Mennonite parents, she is well known about the values of the community. From her childhood, she has been isolating herself. In her personal life, she faced lot of unwanted and unexpected happens like the suicide of her father and later the similar happen of her sister. Nevertheless she does not worry about her past days instead she is moving towards the future with hopefulness. In this research article explains how Miriam Toews survives this society through her own life. She has penned many novels like, A Complicated Kindness, All My Puny Sorrows, Irma Voth and The Flying Troutmans. As she was born in Mennonite community metaphorically she used the place in many novels. In the mean time, she very much dislikes the community more or less and she likes the values of it. This research proposal also explains how Miriam Toews affected and how she expressed her own feelings and emotions through her writings. Besides, the researcher wants to explore the segregation and loneliness of female characters in the novels of Miriam Toews. The novels are A Complicated Kindness, Irma Voth, All My Puny Sorrows and Swing Low: A Life. The purpose of the novels which the researcher has chosen is to explore the migration life the female protagonist of the above novels. In all the novels, the female protagonists move to various countries like, the US, the UK and Canada. When they move to other countries they cannot survive the life as their own. Instead they face many problems like, solitariness, identity crisis, racism, etc.. Besides they are all encountered by isolation or loneliness. Similarly, Miriam uses the name of her community name that is Mennonite in all her major works. A Complicated Kindness: Generally in a family, a girl will be most affectionate with her sister. In the other hand that sister may not understand the affection and love of her sibling. Similarly in this novel A Complicated Kindness explains the depression and isolation life of the Female Protagonist. This novel begins in Mennonite community. The protagonist of this novel is Nomi Nickel. From the beginning to end she faces a misery life. She believes in God mean time she has lot of assured on her own community. Regrettably, she could not find any happy moment in her life. On the other hand, her father is so pious on God. As the result he uses to return to home very late. Because of this Nomi begins to use drugs and etc... After some time she got a boyfriend and married him. After one month he also departed from her and again she came to isolation life. At once she came to know that her mother had affair with her English Teacher, besides she very much depressed. After a year passed there were a conflict between Nomi and her boyfriend the result he left her and her father also left her because of pious on God. Eventually she was isolated by her own family members like Sister, Mother, boyfriend and Father. The theme of the novel elucidates the isolation of a teenage girl. Though she is more affectionate with her family members they cannot understand her affections and love. This is not only in Nomi’s life also there are people like Nomi all around the world who faces the similar problem. Irma Voth: In the second novel Irma Voth explains the loneliness and misunderstanding among the family members. This novel is based on the movie Silent Light which is directed by Carlos Rygadas. Miriam had played a leading role in this movie. Besides, Miriam explains her own feelings and emotions through this novel. The protagonist of the novel is Irma Voth such an eminent woman, as she was born in Mennonite community; she has to flexible in certain places. When the novel opens her family members won’t talk with her. Because she married a local young man against of her father wishes. As a result, she was isolated by her family. She has one young sister and two younger brothers. The relation between Irma and her sister Aggie is strongly delineated by the author. When all the family members annoyed on Irma she doesn’t contemplate it. Though she was isolated by her boyfriend, she doesn’t consider him. When the novel came to the turning point she became very famous among Mennonite community. In many places of this novel Irma’s sister Aggie tried to talk with her but her father restricted her. The result Irma returned to the loneliness life. After a year passed Irma’s husband came to Irma in the mean time she does not accept her. At one point Aggie left her own house and lived with Irma. When they came to know that their mother got a new baby, both Irma and Aggie visited there and Irma’s mother also solicited to carry the baby with Irma. At finally with the child Irma lived a happy life. Mean time everybody realized their mistake and they came to Irma’s home and stayed with her. All My Puny Sorrows: In the third novel All My Puny Sorrows gives the details of a good relation between two sisters. This novel is considered as a semi-autobiography of Miriam Toews. In 1998, her father committed suicide himself similarly after twelve years later her sister also committed suicide. The central character Yolandi wants to save her sister Elfrieda. When the novel begins with Yolandi is a famous author and her sister Elfieda is a famous Pianist. Later Yolandi has two children and Elfieda has no child because of her doting husband. Elfieda lives very happy life with money and she is such a wonderful pianist. Nevertheless she was not happy with her husband and the circumstance where she lived. She felt loneliness and she always think about her past days with her younger sister Yolandi. Yolandi lived in other side in Canada. At once, when Yolandi came to know that Elfieda is going to suicide, Yolandi came there and saved her. When Elfieda tried to suicide for the second time Yolandi arrived there and stopped it. Finally Yolandi wrote that, “she wanted to die but I wanted her to live and we were enemies who loved each other”. There are people there around us like Elfieda. From this novel we came to know that, how much she loved her own sister. Though Elfieda gains lot of happiness from the people like money, playing Piano etc... She lived the loneliness life from her husband. Swing Low: The fourth novel which the researcher has chosen is Swing Low. It is the form of prologue and epilogue, Swing Low is written entirely from Mel Toews’s nostalgically narrates his memories. Miriam Toews has her father tell his story from bed as he waits in a Steinbach hospital to be transferred to a psychiatric facility in Winnipeg. Mel turns to writing to make sense of his condition, to review his life in the hope of seeing it more clearly. He remembers himself as an anxious child, the son of a despondent father and an alcoholic mother, who never once made him feel loved. At seventeen he was diagnosed with manic depression. His psychiatrist’s predictions were grim: Mel shouldn’t count on marrying, starting a family or holding down a job. With great courage and determination, Mel went on to do all three: he married his childhood sweetheart, had two happy daughters and was a highly respected and beloved teacher for forty years. Although Mel was able to keep his disorder hidden from the community, his family frequently witnessed his unravelling. Over the years this schism between his public and private life grew wider. An outgoing and tireless trailblazer at school, he often collapsed into silence and despair at home. Ironically, in trying to win his family’s love through hard work and accomplishments, he deprived them of what they yearned for most: his presence, his voice. Once he retired from teaching – "the daily ritual of stepping outside himself" – Mel lost his creative outlet and, with it, his hope. In the Globe and Mail, author Moira Farr described Swing Low as "audacious, original and profoundly moving." She added: "Getting into the head of your own father – your own largely silent, mentally ill father, who killed himself – has to be a kind of literary high-wire act that few would dare to try.. Healing is a likely outcome of a book imbued with the righteous anger, compassion and humanity of Swing Low.

GENENG : A generic turboprop engine model

This report describes GENENG, a code developed t o model the performance of a generic turboprop engine. Using published data from various sources, a database of 7 turboprop engines suitable for General Aviation, Commuter & Regional transport aircraft was developed. This database consists of the values of the SHP available, Fuelflow, and Jet Thrust produced by the engines at specific altitudes between sea-level and 35000 ft and forward speeds between 0 and 350 knots (TAS), at max. take-off, max. Climb & max. Cruise ratings. GENENG can then be used to obtain realistic estimates of any of these three parameters for a generic engine that lies within this database at any operating condition, i.e. altitude, forward speed, and engine rating. The user has to specify the ball-parking criterion, i.e. the desired value of any one of the three parameters at a specific operating condition. The generic engine is then positioned in the database, by identifying the nearest two engines at the ball-parking criterion. The fractional ratio of the location of the generic engine from these two engines is then calculated. Assuming that the same fractional ratio would also apply at all the other data points, the values of all the parameters at all engine ratings are then generated at specific combinations of forward speed and altitude. Using Bicubic Spline interpolation routines, the value of any of the three parameters at any forward velocity and altitude can then be obtained.The Universit

Clinical Role of Micro RNA (miRNA) Expression Profiles in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas

INTRODUCTION: Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) include squamous epithelial cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract. HNSCCS represent the sixth most common cancer in the world, and accounts for more than 500,000 new cases annually. HNSCC, especially oral cancers have a multifaceted aetiology. A plethora of lifestyle, environmental, viral and genetic factors has been identified as the risk factor for oral cancers. However, smoking, tobacco chewing, and alcohol consumption are widely considered to be major preventable risk factors. AIM OF THE STUDY: 1. To assess the feasibility of extracting miRNA in oral cancer tumour tissue samples. 2. To assess selected miRNAs expression profiles and compare it with epidemiological data, tumour characteristics and clinical behaviour of oral cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Study Design: Prospective collaborative clinical and molecular research Place of Study: 1. Department of Surgical Oncology, Centre for Oncology Govt. Royapettah Hospital & Kilpauk Medical College, Chennai 2. Department of Genetics, Dr. ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai. Duration of Study: October 2011 – December 2013. Number of Patients: 36 patients with oral squamous cell carcinomas. Inclusion Criteria: 1. Patients of age 18 to 70 years, 2. Oral squamous cell carcinomas, all sub sites, 3. Patients on regular follow-up, Exclusion Criteria: 1. Metastatic disease, 2. Recurrent or second primary cancers, 3. Patients who had previously undergone any treatment for the primary disease, 4. Other medical illness(es) precluding full study participation. Materials: 1. Clinical data of patients, 2. Tumour tissue samples from biopsies and surgical specimens. RESULTS: Thirty six patients with good quality RNA in the tumour tissue were selected for miRNAs analysis. MiRNAs Expressions of four miRNAs relevant to oral cancer based on available literature (miR-125b2, 184, 21 and 138) were analysed and compared with Clinical data of these 36 patients Epidemiology and Tumour Characteristics: Te male: female ratio was 25:11. The mean age of the patients was 51 years (SD±11, range: 26-70 years). Tongue (n=14, 39%) and buccal mucosa (n=8, 25%) were the most common sub sites. Left sided cancers were more common. Tobacco usage (61 %) in the form of cigarettes, beedis, smokeless tobacco like pan, etc was common. The other addictions seen were betel nut (27.8%), alcohol (33.3%), hans and cocaine. Locally advanced (T4) lesions constituted 47.2 percent of all tumours and node positivity was seen in 70 percent of patients. Using a three grade grading system, 44 percent of tumours were moderately differentiated and 19 percent of tumours were poorly differentiated. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS: The present study was a pilot study of a patient centric analysis of the use of miRNAs expression profiles in the assessing clinical behaviour of oral cancer patients. The study included analysis of 4 select miRNAs (miR - 21, 125 b2, 184 and 138) Expression Profiles in 36 oral cancer patients and their impact on the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of these patients. Based on this study the following conclusions can be made: 1. The extraction and analysis of miRNAs expressions from oral cancer tumour tissue sample is feasible provided care in taken in transportation, storage and processing of the samples. 2. MiRNAs altered expressions have definite and significant associations with many clinical and epidemiological characteristics of oral cancer patients. Development of newer, simpler, more efficient, safer and cost effective techniques for storage, transportation, extraction and analysis of RNA is the need of the hour. Further studies involving a panel of miRNAs are needed to provide conclusive evidences for use of miRNAs in assessing clinical behaviour of oral cancer patients and to influence their management

An Efficient Image Denoising Approach for the Recovery of Impulse Noise

Image noise is one of the key issues in image processing applications today. The noise will affect the quality of the image and thus degrades the actual information of the image. Visual quality is the prerequisite for many imagery applications such as remote sensing. In recent years, the significance of noise assessment and the recovery of noisy images are increasing. The impulse noise is characterized by replacing a portion of an image's pixel values with random values Such noise can be introduced due to transmission errors. Accordingly, this paper focuses on the effect of visual quality of the image due to impulse noise during the transmission of images. In this paper, a hybrid statistical noise suppression technique has been developed for improving the quality of the impulse noisy color images. We further proved the performance of the proposed image enhancement scheme using the advanced performance metrics

Continuous maintenance and the future – Foundations and technological challenges

High value and long life products require continuous maintenance throughout their life cycle to achieve required performance with optimum through-life cost. This paper presents foundations and technologies required to offer the maintenance service. Component and system level degradation science, assessment and modelling along with life cycle ‘big data’ analytics are the two most important knowledge and skill base required for the continuous maintenance. Advanced computing and visualisation technologies will improve efficiency of the maintenance and reduce through-life cost of the product. Future of continuous maintenance within the Industry 4.0 context also identifies the role of IoT, standards and cyber security

Neuronal Network-Based Multiplicatively Gait Feature Eradication and Detection

The accuracy of gait detection is affected by external influences such as intricate backdrop and coverings. To address this issue, this research presents an artificial neuronal network-based multiplicatively gait feature eradication and detection procedure. The proposed procedure uses a imaging device and a pyroelectric infrared sensor to separately acquire gait data. The skeletal attribute factor, peak variation attribute factor from the imaging device, and frequency spectrum attribute factor from the pyroelectric infrared sensor are extracted and combined for dimensionality reduction and signal processing. Finally, the merged attributes are classified and identified using a BP neuronal network as the classifier. The proposed procedure is evaluated for its detection accuracy