Determinants of social and environmental disclosures in Sri Lankan listed companies.

Social and Environmental disclosure is a recent trend of reporting practice of the firms which present not only the financial information but also the social information. Objectives of the study are to identify the extent and types of social and environmental disclosures of Sri Lankan public listed companies and examine the determinants of social and environmental disclosure of listed companies. By reviewing 296 companies’ annual reports published in recent year, out of them, 34% of (100) companies were selected by using proportionate stratified random sampling according to business sector as a sample to carry out the study. A checklist was prepared according to GRI guideline (version 3) to score the data. Descriptive statistics and Bivariate test were used to analyze the study. Overall results of the descriptive study illustrate that there is low level of social and environmental disclosure practice exists in Sri Lankan listed companies. Result of the correlation indicates that Age of the firm negatively correlated with social and environmental disclosure. While Firm Size, profit and leverage are week positively related with social and environmental disclosure. It is concluded that Firm Size, Profit, and Leverage determine the level of social and environmental disclosure. The findings from this research could provide relevant insights to the Sri Lankan listed companies

4-[(Dieth­oxy­phosphino­yl)meth­yl]benzoic acid

In the title compound, C12H17N2O5P, the phospho­nate group is almost orthogonal to both the ethyl groups, with a dihedral angle of 83.75 (11)°. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked into centrosymmetric dimers via pairs of O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds with an R 2 2(20) graph-set motif. The crystal structure is further consolidated by weak C—H⋯π inter­actions

Diethyl [(3-cyano-1-phenyl­sulfonyl-1H-indol-2-yl)meth­yl]phospho­nate

In the title compound, C20H21N2O5PS, the indole ring is essentially planar, with a maximum deviation of −0.0083 (18) Å. The methyl C atom of the methyl­phospho­nate group and the S atom lie 0.104 (2) and −0.2158 (6) Å, respectively, from the indole mean plane. The sulfonyl-bound phenyl ring is almost perpendicular to the indole ring system, with a dihedral angle of 82.30 (8)°. The ethyl side chains are disordered over two sets of sites, with occupancy factors of 0.737 (5)/0.263 (5) and 0.529 (11)/0.471 (11). In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked into centrosymmetric dimers via C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, resulting in an R 2 2(18) graph-set motif. The crystal structure is further stabilized by C—H⋯π inter­actions

Enforcement of Minimum Legal Size on Fishers in Kerala, India: An Economic Appraisal

The implementation of Minimum Legal Size (MLS) as a tool for managing fisheries and addressing the menace of juvenile fishing was first implemented by the state of Kerala in India in 2015. Since sustainability and profits offer a dramatic trade-off, the study has been conceptualized on the hypothesis that MLS has negatively affected the income of fishers. Primary data from 210 respondents across mechanized, motorized, and non-motorized fishing sectors were collected from six districts of Kerala to analyze and assess the change in income of fishers after the adoption of minimum legal size. The income of fishers who adopted MLS were found to be reduced in all the sectors viz. purse and ring seiners, single day trawlers, motorized gillnetters, and non-motorized crafts with 4.04, 2.31, 2.14, and 1.48 per cent reduction in income respectively. The benefit-cost analysis between compliers and non-compliers of MLS revealed that the adoption of minimum legal size has not significantly affected the fishers, as they could fetch higher price for their catch which negated the loss of income due to MLS adoption. These results highlight the necessity of implementing management measures like MLS to achieve sustainability and better management of marine capture fisheries

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Not AvailableA Community Radio station (CRS) is the type of media that is operated by the particular community for the well-being of their community. The aim of this kind of radio service is to offer the people a voice and helps them to progress their community. Kadal Osai (Sound of the sea) Community Radio (CR) is the first CR started exclusively for the fishing community. This study was conducted during January to February 2020 using case study research method. Two villages were selected purposively from Ramanathapuram district of Tamil Nadu as this place consists of a large number of radio listeners. So far, there are no documented reports about Kadal Osai CR in the literature. The present study was carried out to understand the CR Kadal Osai’s history, growth, to assess the listeners’ attitude and feedback towards CR Kadal Osai programs. An outcome of the survey displays that the majority of the fishers are a middle-aged group (52%) and small-scale fishers (48%). Interestingly, most of the fishers (42%) use their radio and mobile phone for listening to this community radio, and 42% of the fishers came to know the CR through the people working there. Majority (76%) of the respondents have a highly favorable attitude towards the Kadal Osai CR, and many listeners provided positive feedback towards this radio. The study concluded that Kadal Osai CR plays a vital role by ensuring fishers' right to information and community participation by expressing their voice and thoughts of grassroots people in the developing process.Not Availabl