Social Change Communication: Need of the Hour for the Prevention of HIV/AIDS

For the last three decades or so, we all have been living with the pandemic of HIV and AIDS. Human behaviour is complex; widespread behaviour changes are challenging to achieve. Understanding the dynamics of HIV transmission can not be separated from an understanding of the broader context of poverty, inequality and social exclusion which create conditions where unsafe behaviour flourishes. HIV/AIDS is not a mere health issue: its occurrence is influenced by a number of socio-economic, cultural and ecological determinants. Social change communication is an inclusive way of responding to HIV/AIDS issues. Social change communication can tackle structural drivers of the HIV epidemic, with a particular focus on the drivers of gender inequality, stigma and discrimination, and human rights violations. Social change communication is bound to emerge as the vaccine and panacea for HIV and AIDS

Analysis of cosmological bias within spherical collapse model

The goal of our research work is to analyze cosmological bias parameter. Parametric equations of spherical collapse model are used to calculate the values of spherical collapse over density and mass variance, which is further used in bias formulae to find the values of cosmological bias. Spherical collapse over density has been calculated in the range of redshift 0 to 1. Also, it is compared with the value according to the spherical collapse model. Bias is one of the parameters which are utilized to infer cosmological parameters. Extracting the cosmological parameters is very much useful to know and understand about the birth and evolution of our universe. As there is no direct probe to get the idea about the existence of dark matter. Bias factor helps to analyze about dark matter. The bias coefficient of higher order terms in Taylor series expansion are found to be in ascending order. Increasing values of bias indicate the large-scale structure formation at current epoch is more and more clustered. Values of bias are discussed in result. Also, bias values have been analyzed for redshift in the range 2 to 0. The graph has been plotted bias versus redshift. Let’s found bias decreases with decrease of redshift. That means bias evolves with redshift. Bias value less than one and negative value of bias implies that structure formation is in linear region and higher values of bias indicates the structure formation occurs in nonlinear region. Negative value of bias is also called as antibias. That means the structure formation has not started yet. It is still in linear region. The bias value nearly equal to one indicates that the structure formation has been transformed from linear region to nonlinear region. So, the result showing bias values greater than one indicates that evolution of structure formation occurs in nonlinear region

Structural and optical properties of TeO2- SeO2-Na2O glass system

80 TeO2-(20-x) SeO2-xNa2O (where x = 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 mol %) ternary glass system have been successfully prepared by conventional melt-quenching method. The non-crystalline nature of the tested glass samples has been confirmed by X-ray diffraction. The structural transformation in the tested glass samples has been evaluated by measuring density (ρ), molar volume (VM), oxygen packing density (OPD) and oxygen molar volume (V0) values. The characteristic temperature of the glass system (glass transition,Tg, crystallization, Tc ) decreases with increasing Na2O content. Raman spectra show that addition of Na2O to TeO2 + SeO2 glass may result in cleavage of Te-O-Te and Se-O-Se linkages and formation of TeO3- and SeO3- terminal groups in the glass system. FTIR spectra show that the units of TeO4 units decrease and the units of TeO3 / TeO3+1 increase in the tested glass samples. The cut-off wavelength (λC), optical band gap (Eopt), refractive index (n), molar refraction (RM), metallization criterion (M), molar polarizability (αm), electronic polarizability of oxide ion (αo2-), optical basicity (Λ), Fermi energy (EF), dispersion energy (Ed), single oscillator energy (E0) and Urbach energy (ΔE) have been calculated from optical absorption spectra. The reflectivity of light and extinction coefficient (k) is used to find imaginary part of dielectric constant (εi). The optical band gap energy and allowed transitions have been investigated using five methods; indirect, direct, indirect forbidden, direct forbidden and imaginary part of the dielectric constant. The optical band gap values of direct transition are in well agreement with the optical band values of an imaginary part of dielectric constant. The obtained optical band gap values decrease with increasing sodium oxide in the glass samples. Increase in Urbach energy values in the present glass system is due to an increase in the number of defects in the glass structure. The tested glass samples possess higher values of Urbach energy, molar electronic polarizability, and optical basicity. The excitation energy E0 decreases with the increase of Na2O content in the glass system

Structural and optical properties of TeO2- SeO2-Na2O glass system

50-6280 TeO2-(20-x) SeO2-xNa2O (where x = 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 mol %) ternary glass system have been successfully prepared by conventional melt-quenching method. The non-crystalline nature of the tested glass samples has been confirmed by X-ray diffraction. The structural transformation in the tested glass samples has been evaluated by measuring density (ρ), molar volume (VM), oxygen packing density (OPD) and oxygen molar volume (V0) values. The characteristic temperature of the glass system (glass transition,Tg, crystallization, Tc ) decreases with increasing Na2O content. Raman spectra show that addition of Na2O to TeO2 + SeO2 glass may result in cleavage of Te-O-Te and Se-O-Se linkages and formation of TeO3- and SeO3- terminal groups in the glass system. FTIR spectra show that the units of TeO4 units decrease and the units of TeO3 / TeO3+1 increase in the tested glass samples. The cut-off wavelength (λC), optical band gap (Eopt), refractive index (n), molar refraction (RM), metallization criterion (M), molar polarizability (αm), electronic polarizability of oxide ion (αo2-), optical basicity (Λ), Fermi energy (EF), dispersion energy (Ed), single oscillator energy (E0) and Urbach energy (ΔE) have been calculated from optical absorption spectra. The reflectivity of light and extinction coefficient (k) is used to find imaginary part of dielectric constant (εi). The optical band gap energy and allowed transitions have been investigated using five methods; indirect, direct, indirect forbidden, direct forbidden and imaginary part of the dielectric constant. The optical band gap values of direct transition are in well agreement with the optical band values of an imaginary part of dielectric constant. The obtained optical band gap values decrease with increasing sodium oxide in the glass samples. Increase in Urbach energy values in the present glass system is due to an increase in the number of defects in the glass structure. The tested glass samples possess higher values of Urbach energy, molar electronic polarizability, and optical basicity. The excitation energy E0  decreases with the increase of Na2O content in the glass system

A bench-scale electrochemical peroxidation reactor performance on removal of organic pollutants from tannery industrial wastewater.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of a novel laboratory scale electrochemical peroxidation (ECP) reactor using iron (Fe) electrodes (anode and cathode) for treatment of tannery wastewater. In order to minimize operating cost, the effects of operating parameters were determined, and response surface methodology was used to optimize the operating parameters. The operating parameters were initial pH 2.2-8.4, H2O2 dosage 0-0.02 g/L, Fe2+ dosage 0-0.005 g/L and current density 10-40 mA/cm2. Under the optimum conditions, the ECP process revealed better performance in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal with an average value of 85% in contrast to 65% removal in electro-Fenton (EF) process. Analysis and comparison of the data revealed that ECP process delivered a better treatment performance than EF process, taking into account that the optimum electrolysis time and applied current density were considerably. Overall, these results confirmed that the novel ECP reactor using Fe electrodes can reduce the operating cost and be proposed as a pragmatic approach to remove maximum amount of colour, COD, and chromium(III) from tannery wastewater

THE RELATION BETWEEN INTERNET, DEPRESSION, SELF-ESTEEM AND SOCIAL ATTACHMENT ON COGNITIVE FUNCTION OF HEALTH CARE INDIVIDUALS

Objective: To assess the internet use in health care individuals and its impact on depression, self-esteem and social attachment on cognitive function of health care individuals.Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey which included one hundred and ten healthcare individuals (Physician, Pharmacist, Psychologist, Social worker and Nurses) in this study conducted in Radianz healthcare and research private limited. Young's internet addiction test and depression score, self-esteem (Rosenberg's) score and MoCA were used to measure internet addiction and psychological variables. EPI 2012 was used for statistical analysis.Results: Out of 110 individuals, the majority of individuals, depressed individual were more addicted to the internet and found to be significant by using depression score. Relationship between baseline values and follow up values in internet addiction was significant (P=0.07636). After follow up the internet addiction found to be reduced as it was greatly affected in initial survey.Conclusion: This study concluded that there is relationship between the internet addiction and depression, cognitive function and self-steam. The depressed individuals were more addicted to the internet followed by abnormal cognitive function and low self-esteem individuals. Internet addiction may be a relevant clinical construct and early diagnostic tools that needs extensive research even in developing nations to explore the relationship. Depression is greatly associated with the internet addiction so if can we reduce the depression then can be reduced internet addiction

Solving relativistic hydrodynamic equation in presence of magnetic field for phase transition in a neutron star

Hadronic to quark matter phase transition may occur inside neutron stars (NS) having central densities of the order of 3-10 times normal nuclear matter saturation density ($n_0$). The transition is expected to be a two-step process; transition from hadronic to 2-flavour matter and two-flavour to $\beta$ equilibrated charge neutral three-flavour matter. In this paper we concentrate on the first step process and solve the relativistic hydrodynamic equations for the conversion front in presence of high magnetic field. Lorentz force due to magnetic field is included in the energy momentum tensor by averaging over the polar angles. We find that for an initial dipole configuration of the magnetic field with a sufficiently high value at the surface, velocity of the front increases considerably.Comment: 16 pages, 4 figures, same as published version of JPG, J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 39 (2012) 09520

Tangled magnetic fields and CMBR signal from reionization epoch

We compute the secondary CMBR anisotropy signal from the reionization of the universe in the presence of tangled magnetic fields. We consider the tangled magnetic-field-induced scalar, vector, and tensor modes for our analysis. The most interesting signal for l<10 arise from tensor perturbations. In particular, we show that the enhancement observed by WMAP in the TE cross-correlation signal for l<10 could be explained by tensor TE cross-correlation from tangled magnetic fields generated during the inflationary epoch for magnetic field strength B_0=4.5*10^{-9}G and magnetic field power spectrum spectral index n=-2.9. Alternatively, a mixture of tensor mode signal with primordial scalar modes give weaker bounds on the value of the optical depth to the reionization surface, tau_{reion}=0.11 +/- 0.02. This analysis can also be translated to a limit on the magnetic field strength of nearly 5*10{-9}G for wave-numbers < 0.05 Mpc^{-1}Comment: 28 pages, 6 figures, submitted to Physical Review

A Comprehensive Review of Sentiment Analysis on Indian Regional Languages: Techniques, Challenges, and Trends

Sentiment&nbsp;analysis&nbsp;(SA) is the process of understanding&nbsp;emotion&nbsp;within&nbsp;a text. It helps identify the opinion, attitude, and tone of a text categorizing it into positive, negative, or neutral. SA is frequently used today as more and more people get a chance to put out their thoughts due to the advent of social media. Sentiment analysis benefits industries around the globe, like finance, advertising, marketing, travel, hospitality, etc. Although the majority of work done in this field is on global languages like English, in recent years, the importance of SA in local languages has also been widely recognized. This has led to considerable research in the analysis of Indian regional languages. This paper comprehensively reviews SA in the following major Indian Regional languages: Marathi, Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Bengali, Gujarati, and Urdu. Furthermore, this paper presents techniques, challenges, findings, recent research trends, and future scope for enhancing results accuracy

Trifecta and pentafecta outcomes following robot-assisted partial nephrectomy in a multi-institutional cohort of Indian patients

INTRODUCTION: The literature on studies reporting trifecta or pentafecta outcomes following robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) in Indian patients is limited. The primary aim of this study was to report and evaluate the factors predicting trifecta and pentafecta outcomes following RAPN in Indian patients using the multicentric Vattikuti collective quality initiative (VCQI) database. METHODS: From the VCQI database for patients who underwent RAPN, data for Indian patients were extracted and analyzed for factors predicting the achievement of trifecta and pentafecta following RAPN. Trifecta was defined as the absence of complications, negative surgical margins, and warm ischemia period shorter than 25 min or zero ischemia. Pentafecta covers all the trifecta criteria as well as \u3e90% preservation of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and no stage upgrade of chronic kidney disease at 12 months. RESULTS: In this study, among 614 patients, the trifecta was achieved in 374 patients (60.9%) and pentafecta was achieved in 24.2% of the patients. Patients who achieved trifecta had significantly higher mean age (54.1 vs. 51.0 years, P = 0.005), body mass index (BMI) (26.7 vs. 26.03 kg/m 2, P = 0.022), and smaller tumor size (38.6 vs. 41.4 mm, P = 0.028). The preoperative eGFR (84.2 vs. 91.9 ml/min, P = 0.012) and renal nephrometry score (RNS) (6.96 vs. 7.87, P ≤ 0.0001) were significantly lower in the trifecta group. Comparing patients who achieved pentafecta to those who did not, we noted a statistically significant difference between the two groups for tumor size (36.1 vs. 41.5 mm, P = 0.017) and RNS (6.6 vs. 7.7, P = 0.0001). On multivariate analysis, BMI and RNS were associated with trifecta outcomes. Similarly, only RNS was identified as an independent predictor of pentafecta. CONCLUSIONS: RNS and BMI were independent predictors of the trifecta. At the same time, RNS was identified as an independent predictor of pentafecta following RAPN