Determination of voglibose in pharmaceutical formulations by high performance liquid chromatography using refractive index detection

Voglibose is a potent glucosidase inhibitor used for type II diabetes mellitus. A simple and rapid high performance liquid chromatographic method with refractive index detection was developed for the determination of voglibose in pharmaceutical formulations. Development was performed on a C18 (250 x 4.6 mm, 5 µ) column using a mobile phase mixture of acetonitrile and water in the ratio of 50:50 which was fixed at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. Polarity of voglibose was found to be positive and elution time was found to be less than 5 min. The method was also validated as per ICH guidelines for its linearity, precision, accuracy and robustness. The limit of detection and quantification (LOD and LOQ) were found to be 2.91 and 9.7 µg/mL. The method could be successfully applied for the quantification of voglibose in pharmaceutical formulations

Performance evaluation of LoRa based sensor node and gateway architecture for oil pipeline management

These days, the oil industrial industry is leaning toward employing smart field improvements to streamline various activities in the midstream area. Oil transportation over large distances via pipelines has a cheap cost and high efficiency in this sector. If pipelines are not properly maintained, they may fail, potentially causing catastrophic, long-term, and irreversible consequences on both natural and human conditions. Low power wide area networks (LPWANs) are without a doubt one of the domains that cause the most from industrial fields when it comes to realizing the vision of the internet of things (IoT). Long-range (LoRa) is an emerging LPWAN technology that is particularly useful for transmitting data over long distances. The goal of this work is to offer a methodology for managing oil pipelines over long distances utilizing the LoRa communication protocol and the installation of sensor nodes and LoRa gateways along the pipeline. We also used the optimized network engineering tools (OPNET) simulator to examine various simulation findings of LoRa performance

SIMULTANEOUS QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATION OF MEBEVERINE HYDROCHLORIDE AND CHLORDIAZEPOXIDE IN CAPSULES USING SPECTROPHOTOMETRY

Objective: To develop a simple and cheap UV spectrophotometric method for the simultaneous quantitative estimation of Mebeverine hydrochloride and Chlordiazepoxide in MEVA C Capsules and validate as per ICH guidelines. Methods: The optimized method uses triethylammonium phosphate buffer (pH 4.0) as a solvent for the estimation of assay of Mebeverine hydrochloride and Chlordiazepoxide in capsules at detection wavelengths of 263 nm and 245 nm respectively. Results: The developed method exhibited linearity in the range of 7.5-22.5μg/ml for Mebeverine hydrochlorideand 2.5-7.5μg/ml for Chlordiazepoxide. Precision for Mebeverine hydrochloride and Chlordiazepoxide is exemplified by relative standard deviation of 0.589% and 0.332 respectively. Percentage Mean recovery for Mebeverine hydrochloride and Chlordiazepoxide was found to be in the range of 98â€102, during accuracy studies. The limit of detection (LOD) for Mebeverine hydrochloride and Chlordiazepoxide was found to be 528ng/ml and 192ng/ml respectively, while limit of quantitiation (LOQ) for Mebeverine hydrochloride and Chlordiazepoxide was found to be 1.6µg/ml and 583ng/ml respectively. Conclusion: A simple and a cheap UV spectrophotometric method were developed and validated for the simultaneous quantitative estimation of Mebeverine hydrochloride and Chlordiazepoxide in capsules as per ICH guidelines and hence it can be used for the routine analysis in various pharmaceutical industries

Escitalopram reduces severity of depression and improves quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in an open label parallel group study

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterised by progressive and persistent airflow limitation with frequent exacerbations and hospitalizations contributing to overall morbidity and mortality. We evaluated the efficacy of antidepressant escitalopram therapy in depressed individuals suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Methods: The sample comprised of sixty patients. Thirty patients received antidepressant escitalopram, while the remaining half served as controls. Hamilton depression rating and WHO–BREF questionnaire were the tools to assess severity of depression and quality of life. The severity of COPD was recorded using spirometry (FEV1%). Clinical assessments were at baseline and at week-2 and week-8 of follow up in both intervention and control groups.Results: It was found that both the groups were similar on the severity of the illness (COPD) at entry. FEV 1% of both the groups showed similar improvement after 8 weeks. Treatment with escitalopram showed a significant decrease in the severity of depression score and improvement on all the domains of quality of life when compared with the baseline. After the intervention, it was found that the HAM-D scores in the experimental group decreased from 24.44 to 17.50 while in the control group, it was from 20.11 to 19.67.  The magnitude of improvement was significantly higher with intervention compared to controls.Conclusions: Escitalopram reduces severity of depression and improves quality of life which was independent of improvement in FEV1. It could be asserted that this antidepressant improved the patient’s mood, fatigue and helplessness, which could have improved the quality of life of these patients

Histological studies of cellular differentiation during somatic embryogenesis of coconut plumule-derived calli

Since coconut is   one of the most recalcitrant species to generate in vitro, it is   necessary to study in detail about the cellular changes that occur during   somatic embryogenesis to enhance our knowledge about this phenomenon. In the   present study, coconut plumular tissues, the shoot meristem including leaf   primordia, were used as explants for in vitro regeneration studies.   Histological studies were carried out in different stages of plumule culture.   No noticeable growth was observed in 15 days old cultures. After 30 days,   meristematic cells could be identified. Abundance of meristematic cells,   foremost to the development of callus structures, was observed after 45 days.   After 75 days, globular friable calli were formed and histological studies   revealed the presence of meristematic centers which eventually formed somatic   embryos. The histological study of matured somatic embryos formed after 120   days of callus initiation showed a clear meristematic zone of parenchyma   cells, surrounded by vascular bundles. Histological studies, carried out for   certain abnormalities like compact calli, abnormal somatic embryoids with   rudimentary shoots and multiplied roots, revealed the presence of intact   cotyledonary leaves which seemed to inhibit the apical meristem development   of somatic embryoids. The presence of vascular bundles in the early stages of   callus formation might lead to the direct formation of meristemoids. These   results could aid future studies leading to enhanced control of the somatic   embryogenic process and greater efficiency of somatic embryo and plantlet   formation in coconut

Trends in Selected Heart Diseases Among Below Poverty Line Population From Karnataka State, South India

Objective: The study aims to reveal the most common heart diseases found among the below-the-poverty-line (BPL) population in Karnataka State (South India) using SAST data. Method: This study has been done using the data found in the Suvarna Arogya Suraksha Trust on below-the-poverty line (BPL) categories Results and Discussion: It is found that the coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, Bradycardia, pericarditis. Arrhythmia was found common among BPL section Conclusion: Poverty, material deprivation, social exclusion, health disparity, and poor social cohesion throughout the life course among the BPL community are the key reasons for poor cardiac care and related outcomes

Microbiological Spectrum of Brain Abscess at a Tertiary Care Hospital in South India: 24-Year Data and Review

Intracranial abscesses are life-threatening infections that pose a diagnostic challenge not only to the neurosurgeon but also to the microbiologists. Detailed studies documenting the spectrum of infecting agents involved in brain abscesses are limited from India. Materials and Methods. This is a retrospective analysis of 352 samples from 1987 to 2010 analyzed at a tertiary care hospital in South India from 1987 to 2010, to document the changing trends with time. Results. The age of the patients ranged from 2 to 80 years, a larger number of males being affected. Otogenic infections were the most common cause while cryptogenic abscesses were 20%. Gram stain and culture positivity were 78% each. Gram-positive and negative facultative aerobes and obligate anaerobes were also on the rise. Unusual organisms, like Burkholderia pseudomallei, Salmonella typhi, Nocardia species, Cladosporium bantiana, Fonsecaea pedrosoi, Entamoeba histolytica, and Acanthamoeba were also isolated and/or detected from the brain abscesses aspirate or resected tissue. Summary. New and emerging pathogens associated with brain abscess, especially in immunosuppressed individuals, have renewed the necessity of an early detection, and it will be of great value in appropriate management of patients with brain abscess

Maintenance of embryogenic potential of calli derived from embryonic shoot of West Coast Tall cv. of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.)

Maintenance of embryogenic potential of calli is important as the totipotency is often lost in a short time in vitro. This caters to the need for year round availability of somatic embryos in a regenerable state. In the present study, 14 media combinations, with either 2,4-D or picloram as auxin source, were tested for maintaining embryogenic calli obtained from embryonic shoot explants of coconut. Irrespective of type and concentration of auxins, callusing was observed in all the media combinations. However, high dose of 2,4-D (above 74.6 μM) in the initial medium resulted in intense browning and lesser percentage of callusing. Embryogenic nature of calli could be maintained to a maximum of 21 weeks in medium supplemented with 2,4-D (74.6 μM) and subsequent culturing into higher concentration of 2,4-D (90.4 μM). Gene expression studies carried out using qRT-PCR revealed that genes such as ECP, GST, LEAFY and WUS were highly expressed in long term embryogenic calli (21 week old) and genes such as SERK, GLP, WRKY and PKL in initial embryogenic calli (21 days old). The study concludes that coconut plumular calli could be maintained for longer periods without compromising on the embryogenic potential of the calli