Analysis of multi-channel wind loading using proper orthogonal decomposition

2014 Summer.Includes bibliographical references.Wind tunnel testing utilizing multi-channel pressure measurement system leads to large volume of the acquired wind pressure data. In the presented research, use of Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD), to analyze such data, is described. Wind pressure time series acquired for a generic low-rise building were used in the analysis. First, the pressure covariance matrices were calculated. They were subsequently used to determine the pressure eigenvalues and the eigenfunctions. These quantities were next employed to calculate the POD principal coordinates. Finally, the eigenvectors and the principal coordinates were used to reconstruct the pressure time series. This analysis was carried out for pressures exerted on the whole building and on its distinct surfaces - side walls and roof. The convergence of the pressure time series reconstruction was inspected. The mean, standard deviation and the peak values of the reconstructed pressure were evaluated. The effects of wind direction on the original and reconstructed pressures were investigated. The POD modal contributions and the convergence of the pressure reconstruction were quantified. Overall, the obtained results were found to be consistent with findings of related POD studies reported by other researchers. High spatial and temporal resolutions of the wind loading data used in the present research made possible refined quantification of the effects of the studied parameters

Prevalence of Duesenberry’s Relative Income Hypothesis in Nepalese Economy

Present paper examines the prevalence of Duesenberry’s relative income hypothesis in Nepalese economy during 1974/75-2019/20 through ARDL bound tests under DEF and Davis-SK specifications. The ARDL under DEF specification is found to be not valid. However, the ARDL bound test under Davis-SK specification is found valid. There exists cointegration among average propensity to consume, demonstration effect and ratchet effect. The coefficient of demonstration effect is found to be negative and that of ratchet effect to be positive as reported by ARDL models. The error correction model also implies that short run shocks significantly affect long run relations among the variables. The departure from the long term growth path due to short run shocks is adjusted by 11.3 % over the next year as indicated by error correction model. This study throws some lights in policy perspective. It is recommended that government of Nepal should impose heavy tax on the consumption of durables and luxuries to discourage consumption and encourage rate of saving, which is most inevitable in Nepalese economy to foster growth of employment and income

Structural Properties of Ferroelectric Lead (zirconium0.5,Titanium0.5)Oxygen3 Nanotube Array and Electronic Structure of Lao delta-doped strontium titanate

In this Dissertation we begin with two introductions on: 1) ferroelectricity and related phenomena, and 2) novel properties of Oxide electronics and the generation of two dimensional electron gas. We then give theoretical background of density functional theory (including LDA+U) and pseudopotentials. The first part of research work is about structural, polarization, and dielectric properties of ferroelectric Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) solid solution in the form of a nanotube array, embedded in a matrix medium of different ferroelectric strengths. We use the effective Hamiltonian derived from first-principles and finite-temperature Monte Carlo methods to determine the various properties. We revealed different polarization phases of the system in the absence of an external electric field and explained these properties in microscopic detail. In the second part, we study the effects of compressive biaxial inplane strains on the electronic and structural properties of Lanthanum Oxide $\delta$-doped Strontium Titanate supercell. We use first-principles density functional calculations within the local density approximation including also on-site Coulomb interaction energy. We approached the problem by comparing the band structures, localization of electronic states, and cation-anion displacements of unstrained and strained systems. We found a critical strain above which there are abrupt changes in conduction band dispersions and cation-anion displacements, indicating that inplane biaxial strain can drastically tune the properties of this system, which may have potential technological applications

An Overview of the Conceptualization, Theoretical Foundations and Rationale for Developing a Local Curriculum

This paper presents an overview of local curriculum development, which involves designing a curriculum that is customized to the specific needs and context of a particular school, community, or region. The conceptualization and theoretical foundations of this approach are based on the principles of student-centered education, cultural responsiveness, and meeting the needs of the local community.  The rationale for local curriculum development is based on the belief that a personalized curriculum can enhance student engagement and achievement, address their needs and interests, promote equity and inclusion, and encourage innovation. In conclusion, this paper asserts that local curriculum development is an essential aspect of modern education that can improve the effectiveness and engagement of the education system by better serving the needs and interests of students

Segmenting consumers to inform agrifood value chain development in Nepal

The Nepalese government is piloting agricultural projects that are described as taking a value chain approach to development. Although consumer value lies at the core of value chain man-agement principles, none of these projects adopts a consumer perspective. This is an example of a more widespread gap in both the literature and practice as to how consumer perspectives can be used in the development of agrifood value chains in developing countries. This paper addresses this gap by surveying consumers of tomatoes in Nepal, segmenting them using cluster analysis and demonstrating how consumer segmentation can provide strategic direction for value chain development. The research identifies four distinct segments of tomato consumers in Kathmandu. The high value consumer segment, which is also the largest segment, places most importance on credence-based attributes that cannot be ensured unless a whole-chain effort is employed, indi-cating that developing value chains would be necessary if this need is to be met, and that such effort would pay off. An analysis of existing supply chains shows discrepancies between con-sumer expectations and the delivery of value, suggesting improvement opportunities to develop these chains

An Algorithm for Designing Dynamic Solar Shading System

Abstract The present study aims to define and validate an analytical procedure for determining the optimal movement profile for dynamic shading system based on the horizontal mobile blinds for high level of illumination and visual comfort in indoor environments. The algorithm is developed to design a dynamic solar shading system for an office building (Ergo Tower) situated in Milan, Italy. The calculations take into account variables such as geographic location, date, time, surface orientations and geometrical and functional characteristics of shading system. In the first step the solar coordinates and the variation of solar incidence angle on the building surfaces have been defined. Using the equations of solar geometry the typical solar path (sun position e.g. solar altitude, azimuth etc.) corresponding to the specific location for the entire year and also the variation of the incidence angle with which the direct radiation affect the building surfaces are described. Based on the geometry of shading system, the optimal values of inclination of the profiles can be calculated. Finally, due to the technical limitations of the systems, the feasible configuration has been determined corresponding to an angle close to the optimal values of inclination for ensuring appropriate shading. This test system allows the definition of the movement of dynamic solar shading systems based on a specific location and geometrical/mechanical characteristics of a certain technical solution

Solar Integrated Roof: Electrical and Thermal Production for a Building Renovation

Abstract Solar renovation of a training Centre at Casargo, Lecco, Italy was financed in 2006 by Lombardy Region in collaboration with Politecnico di Milano. The refurbishment programme interested the technical unit of the building and reduced thermal demand. The technology used for the roof refurbishment is an innovative system called TIS (Tetto Integrale Solarizzato); which means solar integrated roof and developed by the Italian company Seccosistemi under a research collaboration with Politecnico di Milano. TIS is a modular covering system with the option to insert the various types of solar energy modules, providing most suitable dimension and configuration for a specific application. The prototype of TIS system was studied by R&D programme carried out at the Politecnico di Milano aimed at the creation of a practical and flexible system, easy to install and maintain, that would allow the co-presence of hybrid photovoltaic thermal panels, air or water thermal collectors and non-energetic closure elements, in such a way as to be used the whole shell and not only those parts affected by solar installation. This paper presents the design details, energy performance and economic evaluation of solar integration roof of Casargo. The building is under mointoring phase. A comparision has been made between the monitored and simulated energy performance data. Further an economic analysis has been carried out to estimate financial benefits derived from the solar integration roof. Finally the estimations have been made regarding the avoided CO2 emissions and its cost

Flipping Back of Extrahelical Guanine after Methyl Repair

Methylation at O6 atom of guanine is a type of DNA damage which can cause a cancer. This damage at O6 atom of guanine in a DNA can be transferred to SG atom of cysteine in O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (AGT). Flipping out of methylated guanine from its base stack is essential to give off the methyl adduct (CH3) to AGT. AGT receives the methyl adduct at cysteine leaving guanine demethylated, but still in flipped out orientation. The repair mechanism of DNA would be completed only when the extrahelically flipped guanine returns back into the base stack, which is considered as the final step of the DNA repair mechanism. Here, the intrahelical flipping mechanism of repaired guanine has been studied. The work is further extended to examine the stability of hydrogen bonds between guanine and its pair partner cytosine. The overall result shows that intrahelical rotation of repaired guanine is possible and the base pairing is stable as the ordinary hydrogen bonding. BIBECHANA 19 (2022) 201-20

Flipping Back of Extrahelical Guanine after Methyl Repair

Methylation at O6 atom of guanine is a type of DNA damage which can cause a cancer. This damage at O6 atom of guanine in a DNA can be transferred to SG atom of cysteine in O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (AGT). Flipping out of methylated guanine from its base stack is essential to give off the methyl adduct (CH3) to AGT. AGT receives the methyl adduct at cysteine leaving guanine demethylated, but still in flipped out orientation. The repair mechanism of DNA would be completed only when the extrahelically flipped guanine returns back into the base stack, which is considered as the final step of the DNA repair mechanism. Here, the intrahelical flipping mechanism of repaired guanine has been studied. The work is further extended to examine the stability of hydrogen bonds between guanine and its pair partner cytosine. The overall result shows that intrahelical rotation of repaired guanine is possible and the base pairing is stable as the ordinary hydrogen bonding. BIBECHANA 19 (2022) 201-20