ASSESSMENT OF DRINKING WATER QUALITY IN TRIBAL DOMINATED VILLAGES OF BARKAGAON, HAZARIBAG, JHARKHAND, INDIA

Water is most essential component for the survival of any kind of life on the planet Earth. Quality and quantity of water at any place play a vital role in health, wealth and prosperity of life. Geogenic contaminants including fluoride have affected ground water in more than 200 districts of 19 states of India. Fluoride is one of the most essential elements for calcification of bones and teeth where as excess intake (above 1.5 mg/lit.) may cause skeletal, non skeletal and dental fluorosis. Drinking water samples from five tribal dominated villages of Barkagaon (230 52′ 5′′ N latitude and 850 14′ 15′′ E longitude), Hazaribag, Jharkhand, India were taken fortnightly from hand pump during rainy, winter and summer seasons (July 2011- June 2012) for fluoride analysis as per standard protocol of APHA (2005) and the results showed that all the samples contained higher concentration. The highest average concentration of fluoride was recorded in Bhurkundwa village (3.84±0.8 mg/lit.) where as it was lowest in Aswa village (1.89± 0.8 mg/lit). We have studied the impact of fluoride among 426 school children (06-16 yrs) with reference to Dean’s Index for dental fluorosis which reveals that almost 87% were suffering from dental fluorosis. The results clearly indicate that the dental fluorosis among children is directly related to fluoride concentration in drinking water. Our opinion regarding the higher fluoride concentration in the study area is due to excess mineral exploration. Thus necessary steps must be taken to supply the quality drinking water to the locality for the maintenance of the health of tribal people

Oxidation Chemistry of 3,7-Dimethylxanthine - a Central Behavioural Stimulant at Solid Electrodes

The electrochemical oxidation of 3,7-dimethylxanthine has been studied in the pH range 2.1-10.7 at pyrolytic graphite, platinum and glassy carbon electrodes. The electrooxidation of 3,7-dimethylxanthine at solid electrodes proceeds in a single 4e, 4H+ pH dependent step to give a diimine species which decomposes in Chemical followup steps. The UV absorbing intermediate generated during electrooxidation of 3,7-dimethylxanthine decayed approximately at the same rate as that of xanthine and followed the first order kinetics. The products of electrooxidation of 3,7-dimethylxanthine were characterized and a reaction scheme is suggested to explain their formation. The effect of introducing methyl groups into the electrooxidation of xanthine is also presented

On Stress of a Vertex in a Graph

The stress of a vertex in a graph is the number of geodesics passing through it (A. Shimbel, 1953). A graph is $k$-stress regular if stress of each of its vertices is $k$. In this paper, we investigate some results and compute stress of vertices in some standard graphs and give a characterization of graphs with all vertices of zero stress except for one. Also we compute stress of vertices in graphs of diameter 2 and in the corona product $K_m \circ G$. Further we prove that any strongly regular graph is stress regular and characterize $k$-stress regular graphs for $k=0,1,2$.Comment: 11 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in Palestine Journal of Mathematic

Study on Pramana Shareera in relation to Prakriti

Ayurveda in its principle has given importance to individualistic approach rather than generalize. Application of this examination can be clearly seem like even though two patients suffering from same disease, the treatment modality may change depending upon the results of Dashvidha Pariksha. Prakruti and Pramana both used in Dashvidha Pariksha. Both determine the health of the individual and Bala (strength) of Rogi (Patient). Ayurveda followed Swa-angula Pramana as the unit of measurement for measuring the different parts of the body which is prime step assessing patient before treatment. Sushruta and Charaka had stated different Angula Pramana of each Pratyanga (body parts). Specificity is the characteristic property of Swa-angula Pramana. This can be applicable in present era for example artificial limbs. A scientific research includes collection, compilation, analysis and lastly scrutiny of entire findings to arrive at a conclusion. Study of Pramana and its relation with Prakruti was conducted in 1000 volunteers using Prakruti Parkishan proforma with an objective of evaluation of Anguli Pramana in various Prakriti. It was observed co-relating Pramana in each Prakruti and Granthokta Pramana that there is no vast difference in measurement of head, upper limb and lower limb. The observational study shows closer relation of features with classical texts

Importance of Pramana Pareeksha in Clinical Practice

In Ayurveda the term Pareeksha is used in place of Pramana. The synonyms of Pareeksha are Pramana, Saadana, Jnana, Upalabdhi. Pariksha means through which investigation cognition of valid apprehension of the state of the object arise is called Pariksha. Which is investigated in depth, establishment of reality of an object is Pareeksha. “Rogamadou Pareekshet Tathonantaram Aoushadam” it is very essential that before planning any treatment one should have complete knowledge of Roga and Rogibala. The purpose of examination is to obtain knowledge regarding span of life, strength and intensity of morbidity. Hence patient to be examined in respect of Prakruti (constitution of body), Vikruti (pathological examination), Sara (examination of elemental tissue and mind), Samhana (examination of compactness of body), Pramana (measurement), Satmya (suitability), Satva (examination of mental constitution), Aaharashakti (examination of digestive power), Vyayamashakti (examination of strength by exercise), Vaya (examination of age). Among these Dashavidha Pareeksha except Vikruti Pareeksha is to be done to understand the overview condition of the person. Vikrutipariksha is to be done to elicit the factors which are responsible for the pathogenesis of the diseases

Water stress induced alterations in ornithine aminotransferase of ragi (Eleusine coracana): protection by proline against heat inactivation and denaturation by urea and guanidinium chloride

Water stress resulted in a specific response leading to a large and significant increase (80-fold) in free proline content of ragi (Eleusine coracana) leaves and seedlings. L-Proline protected ornithine aminotransferase, an enzyme in the pathway for proline biosynthesis, isolated from normal and stressed ragi leaves against heat inactivation and denaturation by urea and guanidinium chloride. The protection of the stressed enzyme by L-proline was much more complete than that of the enzyme isolated from normal leaves. While L-ornithine, one of the substrates, protected the stressed enzyme against inactivation, it enhanced the rate of inactivation of the normal enzyme. α-Ketoglutarate protected both the normal and stressed enzyme against inactivation and denaturation. These results support the suggestion that ornithine aminotransferase has undergone a structural alteration during water stress. In view of the causal relationship between elevated temperature and water stress of plants under natural conditions, the protection afforded by proline against inactivation and denaturation of the enzyme from stressed leaves assumes significance. These results provide an explanation for a possible functional importance of proline accumulation during water stress

Discussant\u27s Response to Impact of technological events and trends on audit evidence in the year 2000: Phase I

https://egrove.olemiss.edu/dl_proceedings/1167/thumbnail.jp

Different factors influencing Deha Prakriti (constitution) and influenced by Prakriti (constitution)

Complete psychosomatic architect of an individual is represented by his Prakriti (constitution) which starts to take shape at the very first step of conception in mother’s womb. Deeds of previous incarnation, physical and psychological state of mother and father during conception, nutrition and regimen of mother, social melue, practice of wholesomeness by mother (during pregnancy) and child in postnatal period and many more factors are attributed in the Prakriti formation. Thus generated Prakriti helps in understanding the health and disease state of an individual and facilitate in promotive and curative aspects. Not only this, inherited psycho constution (Manasik Prakriti) is also very helpful in prediction and deciding the profession, effectiveness and efficiency evaluation too. Management education sector, Life and Health insurance sectors are now showing a keen interest in incorporating concept of Prakriti (constitution) in their business. Genomic relations of Prakriti concept of Ayurveda in the recent researches in India and abroad has established the facts that the difference in genomic make up is responsible for all variations in health and disease state of life which we have analyzed and summarized in this review. In the present literary research paper all the factors which influence the Prakriti are enumerated in classified manner and different types of psychosomatic contributions are detailed along with their effect on health and disease condition of life as well as preventive and promotive aspects