Cross Layer Solution for Energy and Delay Optimization in MANETs

A novel method for packet forwarding in MANETs has been proposed in this paper. A node in the network acts as both host and router. Energy utilization of the node increases as all nodes in MANET operate as source, destination, and router to forward packets to the next hop ultimately to reach destination. Routers execute a variety of functions from simple packet classification for forwarding to complex payload revision. As the number of tasks and complexity increases, processing time required also increases resulting in significant processing delay in routers. The proposed work optimizes packet header at transport and network layer by calculating Unique Identifier using pairing function for the fields which do not change for a source–destination pair. This technique optimizes the processing cost of each packet header thereby conserving energy and reducing delay. It also simplifies the task of system administration. This paper elucidates an extension to basic AODV protocol, allowing routing of most packets without an explicit header, reducing the overhead of the protocol while still conserving its basic properties. The proposed method improves the network performance significantly compared to AODV, MTPR, and S-AODV protocol

Applied aspect of Shadchakras and its importance in Shaarir Vigyan

Shadchakras are having importance as per as Vedic background, it opines that it exist in mind. They are Muladhara residing at anal part, Svadistana near to genital part, Manipura is in Navel part, Anahata is at Hrudaya Pradesha, Vishudha is at root of neck, Agna Chakra is between eyebrows. After gaining a knowledge of these six Mandalas, one should enter Sukhamandala, drawing up Vayu and sending it upwards. He become one with Brahmanda, the macrosm, who practices thus control of Vayu. Vayu, Bindu, Chitta and Chakra should be mastered by him. There are three Nadis, Ida, Pingala and Sushumna Nadis if these are purified they are ready for Kundali Jagarana. Here the process of Kundali Jagarana from Muladhara to Agna Chakra will make one to get rid of Trividhadhukha i.e. Adidaivika, Adhyatmika and Adibhoutika. The applied aspect of these Shatchakras are highlighted, each one of Chakra are awakened and the related organ diseases are cured and it has come to know that the understanding the significance of Shatchakra is beyond the mind. There is lot of importance has been explained about Shadchakra in Yoga Shastra and clinically as well as preventive aspects both have been highlighted. So Shadchakra plays importance role in the applied aspect of Shareera Vignana

Students’ Perception About Management Education in India and USA

The purpose of this research was to gain an insight into students’ perception about the quality of management education especially the Masters of Business Administration (MBA) program; as structured and taught in India and USA. Specific objectives were comparing students’ perception regarding the quality parameters input, process and output of the two MBA programs. The study covered students who had successfully completed MBA in India and those Indians who had pursued an MBA in USA. The hypothetical associations of students’ perception of high quality education with input, process and output of management schools were tested. Findings indicated that students perceived high quality of education if processes and outputs were satisfactory. Indians completing MBA from USA, perceived good quality of all parameters, with the only problem of finding a good job in America after completion of an MBA

Students’ Perception About Management Education in India and USA

The purpose of this research was to gain an insight into students’ perception about the quality of management education especially the Masters of Business Administration (MBA) program; as structured and taught in India and USA. Specific objectives were comparing students’ perception regarding the quality parameters input, process and output of the two MBA programs. The study covered students who had successfully completed MBA in India and those Indians who had pursued an MBA in USA. The hypothetical associations of students’ perception of high quality education with input, process and output of management schools were tested. Findings indicated that students perceived high quality of education if processes and outputs were satisfactory. Indians completing MBA from USA, perceived good quality of all parameters, with the only problem of finding a good job in America after completion of an MBA

A NOVEL PACKET CLASSIFICATION TECHNIQUE FOR VOIP CANDIDATURE IN DEEP PACKET INSPECTION

Voice over Internet telephony (VoIP) is extremely pervasive today. Its cheap availability and ease of setup has made the serial harassers, criminals and even terrorists to use it for illegal activities. This makes VoIP subject to surveillance by Law Enforcement Agencies (LEAs). It has been observed that governments, in the solemn interest of national security, request companies like Skype, Google and others to hand over content of communications between suspected criminals. Seeing a business opportunity, the companies charge exorbitantly for retrieval thus costing the exchequer. Unlike any mechanisms of lawful interception which allow for an asymmetric and unsustainable monopoly, this paper proposes hidden placement of hardware network analyzers to perform deep packet inspection for  network traffic payloads and intercepting them before they reach the voice service provider by performing packet classification in constant time using a Frame Check Sequence based classification technique as opposed to existing layer-by-layer techniques for determining packets as candidates for Deep Packet Inspection

Secure Mobile Based E-Voting System

The E-Voting means the voting process in election by using electronic device. In this proposed system described how the android mobile phones are efficient and can be used for voting. The android platform is used to develop an application. Our system support simultaneous voting due to the distributed nature of the database. During election electronic device is used for voting process. A voter may only need to register only once for a particular election and that does all, voter need to cast his /her vote without actually have to present at the voting cell. The registration process must be done at Booth application for once then voter is been given a facility to vote from his/her Android mobile phone irrespective of his/her location. This proposed system suppose to propose a new e-voting system, which ensures voter confidentiality and voting accuracy, thus providing an important framework that based on unique identification ADHAAR ID (U-ID) number. An online solution is very useful as the information about the voters and the election committee is also made available to the people in this system

Purification and Characterization of an Active Principle, Lawsone, Responsible for the Plasmid Curing Activity of Plumbago zeylanica Root Extracts

Plasmid curing is the process of obviating the plasmid encoded functions such as antibiotic resistance, virulence, degradation of aromatic compounds, etc. in bacteria. Several plasmid curing agents have been reported in literature, however, no plasmid curing agent can eliminate all plasmids from different hosts. Hence, there is always a need for novel plasmid curing agents that can be effectively used for reversal of plasmid encoded functions such as virulence, antibiotic resistance, etc. In the present study, an active principle responsible for the plasmid curing activity was purified from roots of Plumbago zeylanica by bioassay guided fractionation and identified as 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (lawsone), on the basis of spectral and analytical data such as NMR, GCMS, FTIR. Plasmid curing activity of lawsone was observed against reference as well as wild plasmids (pBR322, pRK2013, R136, pUPI281, and pUPI282) residing in a range of hosts. Curing of plasmid was confirmed by agarose gel electrophoresis. MICs of antibiotics against A. baumannii A24 (pUPI281) and E. coli (pRK2013) decreased significantly in presence of lawsone suggesting synergy between lawsone and antibiotics. Lawsone also inhibited transfer of plasmid pRK2013 to E. coli either by transformation or conjugation. Viability assays (MTT) revealed that lawsone was not toxic to mammalian cells. Thus, the present investigation has revealed lawsone as an effective plasmid curing agent capable of suppressing development and spread of antibiotic resistance. Further, lawsone has important application in basic research to identify phenotypes encoded by the plasmids in plasmid curing experiments. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of plasmid curing activity of lawsone isolated from roots of P. zeylanica

SPECTROSCOPIC DETERMINATION OF TOTAL PHENOL AND FLAVONOID CONTENTS OF CITRUS LIMON PEEL FROM NORTH EASTERN REGION OF INDIA

Citrus fruit plants are valuable sources of phenolic and other biologically active compounds.  Phenolic compounds have been reported to have multiple biological effects. In this paper quantitative determination of phenols and flavonoids of citrus limon peel extracts was carried out using spectrophotometric method. The plant material was collected from Assam, north-eastern region of India. Total phenolic content was determined by Folin-Ciocalteau method and aluminium chloride method was used for flavonoid determination. Methanol and ethanol extracts of ripe and unripe peel of the plant contain high amount of phenol contents compared to acetone and ethyl acetate extracts. Methanol extract contains maximum and the ethyl acetate shows minimum amount of flavonoid contents. However, all the extracts show significant results. Key Words: Citrus limon, Phenol, Flavonoid, Catechol and Quercetin.Â