FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT, EVALUATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF MEDICATED LIP ROUGE CONTAINING NIOSOMAL ACYCLOVIR FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF RECURRENT HERPES LABIALIS

Objective: Aim of the study was to formulate, evaluate and optimize medicated Lip rouge containing acyclovir encapsulated inside a novel vesicular carrier, niosome so that the formulation can improve its membrane penetration. Formulating as a cosmetic Lip rouge formulation will also improve patient compliance in the treatment of herpes labialis.Methods: Acyclovir niosomes were prepared by thin film hydration method. Niosomes were evaluated and were optimized by considering the entrapment efficiency and in vitro release profile. The optimized niosomes were incorporated into lipstick, lip balm and lip rouge for selecting the best lip formulation. Based on the in vitro release profile, ease of application and properties of prepared formulations lip rouge was selected and further evaluations were carried out.Results: Among the six formulations of niosomes NF2 has showed 88.49 % entrapment efficiency and 86.97% cumulative drug release in 8 h. The formulation was optimized considering both entrapment efficiency and in vitro release. The optimized formulation of niosomes was incorporated into Lipstick, lip balm and lip rouge. The evaluation results of lipstick, lip balm and lip rouge for in vitro release suggested lip rouge as the best formulation. The percentage cumulative release of drug from optimized lip rouge at the end of 8 h was 84.77%. The percentage cumulative drug release in ex vivo studies for 8 h was 60.88 %.Conclusion: The results suggested that prepared lip rouge containing acyclovir niosomes can effectively deliver the drug than the marketed acyclovir cream and successful therapy of Recurrent Herpes labialis can be achieved

An approach to assess the quality of honey using partial least square method

The objective of the present study is to obtain the quantity of honey components such as moisture, glucose, fructose and sucrose in order to access the quality of honey. The tested honey samples are authenticated if the characteristics of a pure honey. The average ratio of 56% fructose to 44% glucose, but the ratios in the individual honeys ranged from a high of 64% fructose and 36% glucose to a low of 50% fructose and 50% glucose. The contents such as fructose and sucrose in honey is due to the presence of invertase enzymes. The organic acids present in the honey is responsible for the flavor and stability against the contamination of honey due to microorganisms. The natural food items are adulterated intentionally to increase the quantity and there by the quality gets affected. The main adulterants added in honey are sucrose, corn syrup, sugar syrup and jaggery syrup. The quantification deals in finding out the amount of basic constituents present in pure honey and adulterated honey using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer with the multivariate analysis and validating the same using chemical analysis method. The partial least square model is used in predicting the constituents of the samples

Knowledge attitude and practices on prevention of anaemia among antenatal women

Background: Iron Deficiency Anaemia in pregnancy is associated with intra uterine growth retardation, pre term labour, low birth weight baby and it also increases maternal and perinatal mortality. Methods: This KAP study was conducted for six months. All the pregnant women attending the outpatient department of Sri Manakula Vinayagar medical college and hospital, were provided with a predesigned questionnaire by the principal investigator. Data was collected after obtaining consent from 167 patients regarding their knowledge, attitude and practices towards anaemia. Results: In our study we found that women with age more than 25 years, advanced gestational age, educated participants and women belonging to higher socio-economic status showed adequate knowledge about anemia and its complications. Conclusions: Health Education plays an important role, in creating awareness among antenatal women and by implementing this into practice will help in prevention of anaemia

Design, Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Evaluation of Schiff Bases of 5-Amino -4-[2-(4-Nitro-1,3-Benzothiazol- 2yl) Hydrazinylidene]-2,4-Dihydro-3H -Pyrazol -3-One Derivatives.

In the present work totally twelve 5-amino substituted -4-[2-(4-nitro-1, 3-benzothiazol-2 yl) hydrazinylidene]-2, 4-dihydro-3H -pyrazol -3-one (BTZP3a-l) compounds were synthesised. The compound 4-nitro-1, 3-benzothiazol-2-amine (BTZ) was synthesized from 2-nitroaniline, ammonium thiocyanate and glacial acetic acid with bromine. Ethyl cyano [2-(4-Nitro-1, 3- benzothiazol-2-yl)hyrazinylidene]acetate (BTZE) was prepared by coupling through diazonium salts of 4-nitro-1,3-benzothiazol-2-amine (BTZ) with ethylcyanoacetate. BTZE which was cyclised with hydrazine hydrate and the resulting product (BTZP) was subjected to schiff base reaction with 12 different aldehydes. The yield was found to be 70-95% in all the stage. The final compounds were found to be soluble in non polar solvents. Thin layer chromatography was used to find out the reaction time to completion the reaction and purity of the synthesized compounds. Melting points were taken in open glass capillary tubes and were uncorrected. The UV and IR spectra of synthesized compounds appeared in the exhibited regions. The structures of intermediates, the compound BTZ confirmed by the presence of characteristic peaks in the region 3132.79 cm-1associated for -NH2 stretching respectively. BTZE showed the disappearance of the characteristic bands of the -NH2 stretching and also shows the stretching for cyanide group, ester group in the region 2360.44 cm-1, 1786.44 cm-1 an respectively. The compound BTZP confirmed, the disappearance of the characteristic bands of the cyanide group and ester group and also showed the reappearance of the characteristic bands of the -NH2 stretching in the region 3343.05 cm-1 respectively. Compound BTZP3b containing – N (CH3)2 group showed absorption bands at 1321 cm-1. Compound BTZP3c, BTZP3e containing C-O-C group showed absorption bands at 1070.3 cm-1, 1081.62 cm-1. Compound BTZP3f containing NO2 group showed absorption bands at 1512.88 cm-1, for the N=O stretching. The peak at 830.20 cm-1, 821 cm-1, 837.19 cm-1 could be assigned to C-Cl stretching in the compound BTZP3d, BTZP3h, BTZP3l. Presence of hydroxyl group was confirmed by the appearance of broad peak at 3430-3161 cm-1 in the compound BTZP3e, BTZP3g, BTZP3i, BTZP3j. Compound BTZP3k containing C-F group showed absorption bands at 1416 cm-1. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds (BTZP, BTZP3a-l) were confirmed by 1HNMR spectra. The 1H-NMR spectra of all the synthesized compounds showed the absence of the peaks for the –NH2 proton signal at δ 8.32 ppm. All the synthesized compounds showed multiplets in the range δ 6.32-8.59 for the protons of aromatic ring and a singlet at δ 6.15, 3.57- 3.89,7.4-8.64ppm which may be assigned to –NH-N proton,-NH proton of pyrazolone,-N=CH proton of Schiff base. The spectrum of BTZP3b, BTZP3c, revealed a singlet at δ 3.04, 3.35 ppm which may be assigned to -N (CH3)2, OCH3 proton. The spectra of compound BTZP3g showed singlet at δ 9.87 ppm corresponding to OH group. The 2-aryl benzothiazole moieties are already known for different biological activities. In the present investigation an attempt has been made for the synthesis of some novel benzothiazole containing pyrazolone analogues combining with different substituted aldehydes by schiff base reaction to get a good antimicrobial, bactericidal, fungicidal, in vitro anti-tubercular, antioxidant and cytotoxic activity with high toxic effects. Biological screening results clearly indicated that the compounds of the scheme have shown good in vitro antimicrobial, anti-tubercular, antioxidant activity compared with the standard drugs and almost all the newly synthesized compounds are bactericidal and fungicidal in nature. Unfortunately, the overall results indicate that they were weekly active with a low selectivity index as indicate by the cytotoxic effect. Even though the synthesized compounds showed good antimicrobial activity with less safety index, due to compounds have high toxicity towards normal cell lines. The result obtained, taking into account the significant activities of the examined compounds, it is believed that further optimization of these identified chemical leads can probably lead to the development of more active molecules. Future studies are proposed reduced toxicity and to establish their in vivo efficacy and receptor interaction, after making suitable structural modifications

Characterization of Chromobacterium Violaceum Isolated From Spoiled Vegetables and Antibiogram of Violacein

Chromobacterium violaceum, a gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, non-sporing coccobacillus, producing a natural antibiotic called violacein was extracted from Chromobacterium violaceum MTCC 2656, collection of Chandigarh. The present study reports different types of microbial population along with Chromobacterium violaceum in 36 samples of spoiled vegetables. In the numerous microbial populations, three different strains (HMCCC 45, HMCCC 46 and HMCCC 47) were isolated and subjected to various morphological and biochemical tests. The results reveal that the three strains isolated, HMCCC 46 was similar to the standard except that HMCCC 46 colonies were dark violet in colour. The antibiotic sensitivity test of HMCCC 46 revealed that it was resistant to vancomycin, ampicillin, linezolid, and susceptible to colistin, oxacillin, gentamicin, norfloxacin, chloramphenicol, amikacin

Performance of re-ranking techniques used for recommendation method to the user CF- Model

The recent research work for addressed to the aims at a spectrum of item ranking techniques that would generate recommendations with far more aggregate variability across all users while retaining comparable levels of recommendation accuracy. Individual users and companies are increasingly relying on recommender systems to provide information on individual suggestions. The recommended technologies are becoming increasingly efficient because they are focusing on scalable sorting-based heuristics that make decisions based solely on "local" data (i.e., only on the candidate items of each user) rather than having to keep track of "national" data, such as items have been all user recommended at the time. The real-world rating datasets and various assessments to be the prediction techniques and comprehensive empirical research consistently demonstrate the proposed techniques' diversity gains. Although the suggested approaches have primarily concentrated on improving recommendation accuracy, other critical aspects of recommendation quality, such as recommendation delivery, have often been ignored

Study on outcome of N-acetylcysteine in rodenticide poisoning cases in a rural tertiary care teaching hospital

Background: Rodenticide is one of the pesticides and heterogeneous substances used to kill rats. Rodenticide poisoning is the major health problem in Asian countries, particularly mode of self-poisoning, prevalent in India. It causes hepatotoxicity and no antidote has been found. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a powerful antioxidant and used in the treatment of acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity.  The aim of the study is to find the outcome of use of NAC in rodenticide poisoning.  The main objectives of this study were to determine the role of NAC in liver impairment rodenticide poisoning patients.   Methods: A record based observational study was conducted for the period of 3 months from August 2019 to October 2019 at Rajah Muthiah Medical College and Hospital, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu. Data were collected according to the proforma designed and results were analyzed using standard methods.Results: Out of 50 patients, 21 (42%) were males and 29 (58%) were females. Age group between 21-30 years contributes the highest 20 (40%). Majority of type of rodenticide compound consumed by patients were paste 29 (58%) and less than four hours 34 (68%) patients were admitted. Patients with abnormal liver functions were tested, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase/ aspartate aminotransferase -12 patients, 7 treated with NAC. serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase/ alanine aminotransferase - 9 patients, 2 treated with NAC. 37 (74%) were recovered out of 50 (100%), among them 28 (56%) treated with NAC.Conclusions: In liver impairment rodenticide poisoning patients, early use of NAC shows a significant result and the rate of recovery is also high