Gambaran Histopatologik Ginjal Wistar Yang Diberi Ekstrak Binahong Pasca Pemberian Gentamisin

: Kidney damage can be caused by many things, such as hypovolemia, sepsis, acute glomeluronefritis, rhabdomyolysis and drugs (gentamicin and NSAID). Gentamicin is an broad spectrum antimicrobial with high toxicity. Gentamicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic known to be toxic to the kidneys and the side effects that gentamicin cause are renal tubular damage. There are many kinds of herbal plant in Indonesia with benefit, one of them is the binahong plants. Binahong (Anredera cordifoli (Ten) Steenis), has a high antioxidant that is equal to 9.614% of the compound flavonoid.5 Antioxidant contained in binahong leaves can be said as nefroprotective on kidney function. This study aims to reveal the renal histopathologic of wistar rat that have administered binahong extract after gentamicin administration. This study was an experimental study using 25 wistar rats that were divided into 5 groups. Group A is the negative control group (terminated the 7th day), while group B, C, D and E (the treatment group) were administered gentamicin 0.3 ml/day for 6 days. After administration of gentamicin, group B immediately terminated (day 7), group C were administered 50 mg/day of binahong extratct for 3 days (terminated on day 10), group D were administered 100 mg/day of binahong extract for 3 days (terminated on day 10), group E were administered gentamicin for 6 days (terminated on day 10). The results showed that the renal histopathological of wistar rats group that were administered gentamicin for 6 days, showed swelling and necrotic tubular epithelial cells. Wistar rats group that were administered of binahong showed regeneration of renal tubular epithelial cells. Conclusion: The administration of Gentamicin with toxical dose or 0.3 ml/day for 6 days showed acute tubular necrosis. Regeneration of renal tubular epithelial cells is better in the group that were administered binahong extract than the group that were administered pellets. Renal histopathologic of wistar rats at administration of binahong extract with dose of 100 mg are better compared to 50 mg

Unveiling the electronic structure of pseudo-tetragonal WO3_3 thin films

WO$_3$ is a binary 5d compound which has attracted remarkable attention due to the vast array of structural transitions that it undergoes in its bulk form. In the bulk, a wide range of electronic properties has been demonstrated, including metal-insulator transitions and superconductivity upon doping. In this context, the synthesis of WO$_3$ thin films holds considerable promise for stabilizing targeted electronic phase diagrams and embedding them in technological applications. However, to date, the electronic structure of WO$_3$ thin films is experimentally unexplored, and only characterized by numerical calculations. Underpinning such properties experimentally would be important to understand not only the collective behavior of electrons in this transition metal oxide, but also to explain and engineer both the observed optical responses to carriers' concentration and its prized catalytic activity. Here, by means of tensile strain, we stabilize WO$_3$ thin films into a stable phase, which we call pseudo-tetragonal, and we unveil its electronic structure by combining photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations. This study constitutes the experimental demonstration of the electronic structure of WO$_3$ thin-films and allows us to pin down the first experimental benchmarks of the fermiology of this system

IMPLEMENTASI DATA MINING UNTUK PENENTUAN POSISI BARANG PADA RAK MENGGUNAKAN METODE APRIORI PADA PT MIDI UTAMA INDONESIA

Alfamidi merupakan objek penelitian mengalami permasalahan pada posisi penempatan barang pada rak jualan masih kurang tertata, karena kurang teraturnya posisi barang pad arak mengakibatkan terkadang ada barang yang dicari oleh konsumen tapi malah tidak ditemuka di bagian rak, yang berdampak pada pengurangan daya minat pembeli. Penelitian ini menggunakan algoritma apriori untuk mengklasifikasikan data transaksi penjualan dengan menggunakan bahasa pemrograman PHP. Diharapkan penelitian ini dapat membantu pihak Alfamidi untuk menyusun penempatan produk yang dijual. Kata Kunci : Data Mining, Algoritma Apriori, lokasi barang

All-optical spin injection in silicon investigated by element-specific time-resolved Kerr effect

Understanding howa spin current flows across metal-semiconductor interfaces at pico- and femtosecond time scales is of paramount importance for ultrafast spintronics, data processing, and storage applications. However, the possibility to directly access the propagation of spin currents, within such time scales, has been hampered by the simultaneous lack of both ultrafast element-specific magnetic sensitive probes and tailoredwell-built and characterized metal-semiconductor interfaces. Here, by means of a novel free-electron laser-based element-sensitive ultrafast time-resolved Kerr spectroscopy, we reveal different magnetodynamics for the Ni M-2;3 and Si L-2;3 absorption edges. These results are assumed to be the experimental evidence of photoinduced spin currents propagating at a speed of similar to 0.2 nm/fs across the Ni/Si interface

Eureka and beyond: mining's impact on African urbanisation

This collection brings separate literatures on mining and urbanisation together at a time when both artisanal and large-scale mining are expanding in many African economies. While much has been written about contestation over land and mineral rights, the impact of mining on settlement, notably its catalytic and fluctuating effects on migration and urban growth, has been largely ignored. African nation-states’ urbanisation trends have shown considerable variation over the past half century. The current surge in ‘new’ mining countries and the slow-down in ‘old’ mining countries are generating some remarkable settlement patterns and welfare outcomes. Presently, the African continent is a laboratory of national mining experiences. This special issue on African mining and urbanisation encompasses a wide cross-section of country case studies: beginning with the historical experiences of mining in Southern Africa (South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe), followed by more recent mineralizing trends in comparatively new mineral-producing countries (Tanzania) and an established West African gold producer (Ghana), before turning to the influence of conflict minerals (Angola, the Democratic Republic of Congo and Sierra Leone)

Superconductivity in single crystals of a quasi-one dimensional infinite chain cuprate Srx_xCa1−x_{1-x}CuO2_2 at 90 K

Although there is no complete theory of high temperature superconductivity, the importance of CuO$_2$ planes in cuprate superconductors is confirmed from both theory and experiments. Strong Coulomb repulsion between electrons on the CuO$_2$ plane makes the resultant electron system highly correlated and a difficult problem to solve since exact solutions of many-body Hamiltonian in two dimensions do not exist. If however, superconductivity can arise in structures having chains rather than planes and having a high critical temperature, then the high temperature superconductivity problem could become more tractable since exact solutions in one dimension do exist. In this paper, we report the observation of bulk superconductivity in single crystals of a cuprate Sr$_x$Ca$_{1-x}$CuO$_2$ at very high critical temperature, T$_c$, of $\sim$ 90 K whose structure reveals the presence of infinite double chains of Cu-O-Cu-O instead of CuO$_2$ planes, thus, ensuring quasi-one dimensional superconductivity. Bulk superconducting behaviour was observed in \textit{dc} magnetisation, \textit{ac} susceptibility as well as resistance measurements. The observation of bulk superconductivity in Sr$_x$Ca$_{1-x}$CuO$_2$ having chains of Cu-O-Cu-O rather than planes of CuO$_2$ at a high T$_c$ of 90 K is expected to profoundly impact our understanding of high temperature superconductivity.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figure

Comparative and temporal transcriptome analysis of peste des petits ruminants virus infected goat peripheral blood mononuclear cells

Peste des petits ruminanats virus (PPRV), a morbillivirus causes an acute, highly contagious disease – peste des petits ruminants (PPR), affecting goats and sheep. Sungri/96 vaccine strain is widely used for mass vaccination programs in India against PPR and is considered the most potent vaccine providing long-term immunity. However, occurrence of outbreaks due to emerging PPR viruses may be a challenge. In this study, the temporal dynamics of immune response in goat peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) infected with Sungri/96 vaccine virus was investigated by transcriptome analysis. Infected goat PBMCs at 48 h and 120 h post infection revealed 2540 and 2000 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), respectively, on comparison with respective controls. Comparison of the infected samples revealed 1416 DEGs to be altered across time points. Functional analysis of DEGs reflected enrichment of TLR signaling pathways, innate immune response, inflammatory response, positive regulation of signal transduction and cytokine production. The upregulation of innate immune genes during early phase (between 2-5 days) viz. interferon regulatory factors (IRFs), tripartite motifs (TRIM) and several interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) in infected PBMCs and interactome analysis indicated induction of broad-spectrum anti-viral state. Several Transcription factors – IRF3, FOXO3 and SP1 that govern immune regulatory pathways were identified to co-regulate the DEGs. The results from this study, highlighted the involvement of both innate and adaptive immune systems with the enrichment of complement cascade observed at 120 h p.i., suggestive of a link between innate and adaptive immune response. Based on the transcriptome analysis and qRT-PCR validation, an in vitro mechanism for the induction of ISGs by IRFs in an interferon independent manner to trigger a robust immune response was predicted in PPRV infection

The anthropology of extraction: critical perspectives on the resource curse

Attempts to address the resource curse remain focussed on revenue management, seeking technical solutions to political problems over examinations of relations of power. In this paper, we provide a review of the contribution anthropological research has made over the past decade to understanding the dynamic interplay of social relations, economic interests and struggles over power at stake in the political economy of extraction. In doing so, we show how the constellation of subaltern and elite agency at work within processes of resource extraction is vital in order to confront the complexities, incompatibilities, and inequities in the exploitation of mineral resources

Surgery versus epilation for the treatment of minor trichiasis in Ethiopia: a randomised controlled noninferiority trial.

Trachomatous trichiasis can cause corneal damage and visual impairment. WHO recommends surgery for all cases. However, in many regions surgical provision is inadequate and patients frequently decline. Self-epilation is common and was associated with comparable outcomes to surgery in nonrandomised studies for minor trichiasis (<six lashes touching eye). This trial investigated whether epilation is noninferior to surgery for managing minor trichiasis

Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 2-Methyl-4,5-Disubstituted Oxazoles as a Novel Class of Highly Potent Antitubulin Agents

Antimitotic agents that interfere with microtubule formation are one of the major classes of cytotoxic drugs for cancer treatment. Multiple 2-methyl-4-(3′,4′,5′-trimethoxyphenyl)-5-substituted oxazoles and their related 4-substituted-5-(3′,4′,5′-trimethoxyphenyl) regioisomeric derivatives designed as cis-constrained combretastatin A-4 (CA-4) analogues were synthesized and evaluated for their antiproliferative activity in vitro against a panel of cancer cell lines and, for selected highly active compounds, interaction with tubulin, cell cycle effects and in vivo potency. Both these series of compounds were characterized by the presence of a common 3′,4′,5′-trimethoxyphenyl ring at either the C-4 or C-5 position of the 2-methyloxazole ring. Compounds 4g and 4i, bearing a m-fluoro-p-methoxyphenyl or p-ethoxyphenyl moiety at the 5-position of 2-methyloxazole nucleus, respectively, exhibited the greatest antiproliferative activity, with IC50 values of 0.35-4.6 nM (4g) and 0.5–20.2 nM (4i), which are similar to those obtained with CA-4. These compounds bound to the colchicine site of tubulin and inhibited tubulin polymerization at submicromolar concentrations. Furthermore, 4i strongly induced apoptosis that follows the mitochondrial pathway. In vivo, 4i in a mouse syngeneic model demonstrated high antitumor activity which significantly reduced the tumor mass at doses ten times lower than that required for CA-4P, suggesting that 4i warrants further evaluation as a potential anticancer drug