Gender and Leadership Differences: Reality or a Dilemma?

Gender is a wide spread issue in the world. Male domination and oppression, gender biasness, gender discrimination, and gender stereotypes are the main issues that are related to gender discussion. In developing countries gender is in the worst forms. In this context, this article aims to assess the gender differences in educational leadership in Nepal. For this, purposive sampling was used and two female principals from public and private schools each were taken as the sample.  Intensive interviews were conducted with the principals and data were gathered. Discussions are based on literatures and two theories- radical feminism and symbolic interactionism. It is found that females had different experiences from the beginning of childhood and later these experiences had resulted different behaviour, working style and perspectives about self and about the world. These factors made females different than males. Because of gender discrimination and gender biased behaviour of the society female principals has to face many challenges and problems in their field. Keywords: feminism, symbolic interactionism, gender stereotype, safe-zone, oppression. DOI: 10.7176/JEP/10-1-1

Development of draft quality-of-governance standards for climate change mitigation and beyond: groundtruthing of developed verifiers in REDD+ pilot area, Nepal

Governance has been identified as central aspect of sustainable forest management. While all participants within the forest policy arena would agree with this observation, it has been less easy to determine how best to evaluate forest governance. Building on the work of the 1992 UN Statement of Forest Principles, and using a hierarchical framework of principles, criteria and indicators (PC&I), Dr Cadman has developed a consistent approach to evaluating forest governance at the global, regional, national and local levels. Tim and Tek applied their work to a range of global policy mechanisms, including REDD+, and has been used by the forest sector in developing countries (Nepal) to develop on-the-ground standards for evaluating REDD+ effectiveness and governance quality

Reactions of Tetraorgano Derivatives of Ge(IV), Sn (IV) & Pb (IV) with Cyanogen Bromide & Iodide

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Cleavage of Triaryltin Halides with Iodine Halides & Halogens: A Novel Route to Mixed Diaryltin Dihalides

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Scope of Social Work Profession in Medical Setting

Social Work in today’s world has established itself as a significant full-fledged professional at par with any other profession.  As the world is become a materialistic; the devoid of the human sentiments and with emotions, diseas and illness with people are largly growing more and more self-centred.  It is understood a sick and happy child cannot learn, and cannot produce.  Good health is very important both to the nation and an individual.  Health is  state of complete physical, mental and social well being and not merely an absence of disease or infirmity.  It is the yardstick of measuring an individual progress and devlopment.  Among other factors, social factors create a predisposition to disease, directly cause disease, transmit the cause of disease and influence the course of disease.  Therefore the medical social workers helps the patients from the moment they enters he hospital, up to the adjustment with the past normal life.  The main aim of medical social worker is to helps us prevention of disease and rehabilitation treatment plan.  The scope of social workers is widely bigger in nature but simentanously lots of difficulties and challenges they have been facing  in the field of health.  The cirriculum of the social work was carefully developed to attain the needs of the society. This Paper examines the methodology of appointment of Social Worker, challenges, roles in the hospitals (scope of Practice in hospital social work), department where the social workers enhance their services

Kinetics & Mechanism of Oxidation of Butane-I,3-diol by Ce(IV) Sulphate in Aqueous Sulphuric Acid Solution: Evidence for Ce(IV) Dimer

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Understanding Cell Biology

The cell is the structural and functional unit of all living organisms and is sometimes called the "building block of life.” All living things are made from one or more cells. A cell is the simplest unit of life and they are responsible for keeping an organism alive and functioning. Almost every different type of cell contains genetic material, a membrane and cytoplasm. The most basic categorization of Earth’s organisms is determined by different types of cells. All cells can be divided into one of two classifications: prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells are found in bacteria and archaea. Eukaryotic cells are found in organisms from the domain Eukaryota which includes animals, plants, fungi and protists. Cell metabolism is the process by which individual cells process nutrient molecules. Metabolism has two distinct divisions: catabolism, in which the cell breaks down complex molecules to produce energy and reducing power, and anabolism, in which the cell uses energy and reducing power to construct complex molecules and perform other biological functions. Cells were discovered by Robert Hooke in 1665, who named them for their resemblance to cells inhabited by Christian monks in a monastery. Cell theory, first developed in 1839 by Matthias Jakob Schleiden and Theodor Schwann, states that all organisms are composed of one or more cells, that cells are the fundamental unit of structure and function in all living organisms, and that all cells come from pre-existing cells. Cells emerged on Earth at least 3.5 billion years ago. The study of cells is called cell biology or cellular biology

Assessment of above ground biomass and soil organic carbon in the forests of Nepal under climate change scenario

IntroductionMany factors, such as climate, topography, forest management, or tree/forest attributes, influence soil organic carbon (SOC) and above-ground tree biomass (AGTB). This study focuses on assessing relationship between various predictor variables and response variables (SOC and AGTB) in the perspective of climate change scenario. The study was conducted throughout in Nepal using forest resource assessment data (2010–2014).MethodsOur study applied a random forest model to assess the status of SOC and AGTB under future climate change scenarios using 19 bioclimatic variables accompanied by other variables such as altitude, aspect, basal area, crown cover development status, distance to settlement forest types, number of trees, macro-topography, management regime, physiographic zones, slope, and soil depth. The study used 737 (70%) samples as a training data for model development while 312 (30%) samples as a testing data for model validation.Results and discussionThe respective RMSE, RMSE% and adjusted R2 of the Random Forest Model for SOC estimation were found to be 9.53 ton/ha, 15% and 0.746 while same for the AGTB were 37.55 ton/ha, 21.74% and 0.743. Particularly, changes in temperature and precipitation showed an effect on the amount of SOC and AGTB in the projected scenario i.e., CMIP6, SSP2 4.5 for 2040–2060. The study found the amount of SOC decreased by 3.85%, while AGTB increased by 2.96% in the projected scenario. The proposed approach which incorporates the effect of bioclimatic variables can be a better option for understanding the dynamics of SOC and AGTB in the future using climatic variables