94 research outputs found
A highly successful model? The rail franchising business in Britain
A crucial feature of rail privatisation in Britain was franchising. Passenger services were franchised in competitive bidding processes to train operators which were meant to function with declining subsidy. The paper adopts the framework of social cost-benefit analysis to examine rail privatisation's impact on three key groups; consumers, producers and the government. It establishes that privatisation did not achieve all the supposed benefits. Further, franchising only appears to be profitable through the use of calculative accounting practices, where by franchised train operators are portrayed as discrete business entities, whereas they are supported by very substantial, ongoing direct and indirect government subsidies
A highly successful model? The rail franchising business in Britain
A crucial feature of rail privatisation in Britain was franchising. Passenger services were franchised in competitive bidding processes to train operators which were meant to function with declining subsidy. The paper adopts the framework of social cost-benefit analysis to examine rail privatisation's impact on three key groups; consumers, producers and the government. It establishes that privatisation did not achieve all the supposed benefits. Further, franchising only appears to be profitable through the use of calculative accounting practices, where by franchised train operators are portrayed as discrete business entities, whereas they are supported by very substantial, ongoing direct and indirect government subsidies
Analytical solutions for soil flushing through geotextiles considering filter cake and clogging
Air quality in Enclosed Railway Stations: quantifying the impact of diesel trains through deployment of multi-site measurement and random forest modelling
Railway bridge structural health monitoring and fault detection: state-of-the-art methods and future challenges
Railway importance in the transportation industry is increasing continuously, due to the growing demand of both passenger travel and transportation of goods. However, more than 35% of the 300,000 railway bridges across Europe are over 100-years old, and their reliability directly impacts the reliability of the railway network. This increased demand may lead to higher risk associated with their unexpected failures, resulting safety hazards to passengers and increased whole life cycle cost of the asset. Consequently, one of the most important aspects of evaluation of the reliability of the overall railway transport system is bridge structural health monitoring, which can monitor the health state of the bridge by allowing an early detection of failures. Therefore, a fast, safe and cost-effective recovery of the optimal health state of the bridge, where the levels of element degradation or failure are maintained efficiently, can be achieved. In this article, after an introduction to the desired features of structural health monitoring, a review of the most commonly adopted bridge fault detection methods is presented. Mainly, the analysis focuses on model-based finite element updating strategies, non-model-based (data-driven) fault detection methods, such as artificial neural network, and Bayesian belief network–based structural health monitoring methods. A comparative study, which aims to discuss and compare the performance of the reviewed types of structural health monitoring methods, is then presented by analysing a short-span steel structure of a railway bridge. Opportunities and future challenges of the fault detection methods of railway bridges are highlighted
Map of Long Island showing the Long Island Railroad.
Map showing drainage, township and county boundaries, cities and towns, roads, and railroads.Scale ca. 1:400,000.In upper right of map: Mileage of the Long Island R.R.LC has "Large version" c1886 which measures 39 x 107 cm.LC Railroad maps, 448Description derived from published bibliography
Proceedings of the annual meeting of the Western railroad corporation, held, by adjournment, in the city of Boston, March 12, 1840, including the report of the committee of investigation appointed by the stockholders.
Mode of access: Internet
Balto. & Potomac Rail Road ... On and after January 1st, 1877, trains will leave as follows ... [Washington, D. C., 1876].
On verso: Gift Caleb Cushing Papers Oct. 22, 1962
Balto. & Potomac Rail Road. Fast seaside express for Long Branch, Cape May and Atlantic City! On and after Monday, July 26th, 1880 ... Baltimore. John D. Lucas, printer [1880].
Printed in blue and red
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