Comparative Pressure Drop in Laminar and Turbulent Flows in Circular Pipe with and without Baffles using FEV

The study of Turbulent flow characteristics in complex geometries receives considerable attention due to its Importance in many engineering applications and has been the subject of interest for researchers. Some of these include the energy conversion systems found in same design of heat exchangers, nuclear reactor, solar collectors & cooling of industrial machines and electronic components. Flow in channels with baffle plates occurs in many industrial applications such as heat exchangers, filtration, chemical reactors, and desalination. These baffles cause turbulence which leads to increases friction within the pipe or duct and leads significant pressure drop. This work is concern with the comparative flow and pressure distribution analysis of a smooth and segmented Baffles pipe. In which pressure drop during the flow is examined and with the help of hydrodynamic characteristics performance is predicted with the help of Finite element volume tool ANSYS- Fluent, where simulation is been done. The goal is to carry out evaluating pressure drop across the pipe using different turbulent model and at simulation is done for wide range of Reynolds number in both laminar and turbulent flow regimes. The FEV results are validated with well published results in literature and furthermore with experimentation. The FEV and experimental results show good agreement

रीफ जंगल का शेर: भारतीय लायन फिश

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राष्ट्रीय खाघ सुरक्षा केलिए उत्तरदायित्वपूर्ण मात्स्यिकी प्रबन्धन एक विकल्प

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Single-photon absorption of isolated collagen mimetic peptides and triple-helix models in the VUV-X energy range

Cartilage and tendons owe their special mechanical properties to the fibrous collagen structure. These strong fibrils are aggregates of a sub-unit consisting of three collagen proteins wound around each other in a triple helix. Even though collagen is the most abundant protein in the human body, the response of this protein complex to ionizing radiation has never been studied. In this work, we probe the direct effects of VUV and soft X-ray photons on isolated models of the collagen triple helix, by coupling a tandem mass spectrometer to a synchrotron beamline. Single-photon absorption is found to induce electronic excitation, ionization and conversion into internal energy leading to inter- and intra-molecular fragmentation, mainly due to Gly-Pro peptide bond cleavages. Our results indicate that increasing the photon energy from 14 to 22 eV reduces fragmentation. We explain this surprising behavior by a smooth transition from excitation to ionization occurring with increasing photon energy. Moreover, our data support the assumption of a stabilization of the triple helix models by proline hydroxylation via intra-complex stereoelectronic effects, instead of the influence of solvent

Untangling the Organizational Ambiguities in Supply Chain Risk Recognition, Assessment, and Response: The Role of Network Embeddedness

In this thesis, I focus on supply chain risk related ambiguity, which represents the ambiguities firms exhibit in recognizing, assessing, and responding to supply chain disruptions. I, primarily, argue that ambiguities associated with recognizing and responding to supply chain risk are information gathering and processing problems. Guided by the theoretical perspective of bounded rationality, I propose a typology of supply chain risk related ambiguity with four distinct dimensions. I, also, argue that the major contributor to risk related ambiguity is often the environment, specifically the web of suppliers. Hence, I focus on the characteristics of these supplier networks to examine the sources of ambiguity. I define three distinct elements of network embeddedness – relational, structural, and positional embeddedness – and argue that the ambiguity faced by a firm in appropriately identifying the nature or impacts of major disruptions is a function of these network properties. Based on a survey of large North American manufacturing firms, I found that the extent of the relational ties a firm has and its position in the network are significantly related to supply chain risk related ambiguity. However, this study did not provide any significant support for the hypothesized relationship between structural embeddedness and ambiguity. My research contributes towards the study of supply chain disruptions by using the idea of bounded rationality to understand supply chain risk related ambiguity and by providing evidence that the structure of supply chain networks influences the organizational understanding of and responses to supply chain disruptions