121 research outputs found
5-HT2A receptor enhancement of contractile activity of the porcine urothelium and lamina propria
The urinary microbiome and its contribution to lower urinary tract symptoms; ICI-RS 2015
Aims: The microbiome is the term used for the symbiotic microbial colonisation of healthy organs. Studies have found
bacterial identifiers within voided urine which is apparently sterile on conventional laboratory culture, and accordingly
there may be health and disease implications. Methods: The International Consultation on Incontinence Research
Society (ICI-RS) established a literature review and expert consensus discussion focussed on the increasing awareness
of the urinary microbiome, and potential research priorities. Results: The consensus considered the discrepancy
between findings of conventional clinical microbiology methods, which generally rely on culture parameters predisposed
towards certain ‘‘expected’’ organisms. Discrepancy between selective culture and RNA sequencing to study speciesspecific
16S ribosomal RNA is increasingly clear, and highlights the possibility that protective or harmful bacteria may
be overlooked where microbiological methods are selective. There are now strong signals of the existence of a ‘‘core’’
urinary microbiome for the human urinary tract, particularly emerging with ageing. The consensus reviewed the
potential relationship between a patient’s microbiome and lower urinary tract dysfunction, whether low-count
bacteriuria may be clinically significant and mechanisms which could associate micro-organisms with lower urinary
tract symptoms. Conclusions: Key research priorities identified include the need to establish the scope of microbiome
across the range of normality and clinical presentations, and gain consensus on testing protocols. Proteomics to study
enzymatic and other functions may be necessary, since different bacteria may have overlapping phenotype.
Longitudinal studies into risk factors for exposure, cumulative risk, and emergence of disease need to undertaken.
Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:850–853, 2017
Prostate Cancer Drug Therapy:What Have Clinicians Missed During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, major congresses and many teaching opportunities as well as the usual visits from medical advisors of pharmaceutical firms have been postponed and canceled. The major trials of prostate cancer in the last 5 years in each state are shortly discussed providing a panoramic overview of the available evidence and data on prostate cancer treatment. Apalutamide, enzalutamide, and darolutamide have proven to have clinical benefits when added to androgen deprivation therapy for patients with nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. In patients in the metastatic hormone-sensitive setting, next to docetaxel, abiraterone, enzalutamide, and apalutamide have been shown to significantly improve overall survival and progression-free survival in comparison to standard hormone therapy. In addition, docetaxel abiraterone and enzalutamide are widely used in the metastatic setting. For second-line therapy of metastasized prostate cancer patients who have received either docetaxel or abiraterone or enzalutamide, olaparib, cabazitaxel, radium, and lutetium therapy have been shown to be beneficial in selected patient groups
The urinary microbiome and its contribution to lower urinary tract symptoms; ICI-RS 2015
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