KRITERIA PENENTUAN SPESIES PRIORITAS Rhododendron spp. TERANCAM KEPUNAHAN UNTUK DIKONSERVASI SECARA EX SITU DI INDONESIA

There are some limitation on achieving ex situ conservation goals such as time, budget, human resources, and policies. A process on the selection of species or location become a problematical course, especially when planning a botanical expedition. This is because we should consider several factors such as conservation status, budget, information, and risk of grow success. In this paper, a simple set of decision frame to prioritize what plant species to conserve on ex situ collection will be discussed. Thirty species of native threatened Rhododendron were scored using 11 criteria, which are conservation status, success story of ex situ introduction, representation of unique taxon, habitat status on biodiversity hot spot, habitat status on global 200 ecoregion, in situ conservation, growth form, habitat elevation, distance between wild habitat and ex situ habitat, number of sympatric congeneric threatened species, and collecting cost. An interpretation of total score judged by the ranking system. Based on these methods, three species of Indonesia native Rhododendron such as R. longiflorum var. bancanum, R. wilhelminae, and R. album become a top priority for ex situ conservation in Cibodas Botanic Garden

POPULATION SIZE OF TWO ENDANGERED VIREYA RHODODENDRON SPECIES AND THEIR SURROUNDING VEGETATION ON THE TOP OF THE MT. RANTEMARIO, SULAWESI

Five of the 29 species of Rhododendron of Sulawesi are threatened and two of which have endangered category (EN D). Field assessment had been conducted to measure the current population size of the endangered R. eymae and R. nanophyton var. nanophyton. One hundred and fortyplots (of each 5x5 m2) along seven transects were established around the summit of Mt. Rantemario (3,269–3,445 m asl.), South Sulawesi. The results showed that there were 318 individuals of R. eymae and two individuals of R. nanophyton var. nanophyton within the plots. We also found that the estimated population sizes of those two species have not met the criteria previously stated (EN D). The appropriated status for both species is Vulnerable (VU D2). The reasons for proposing this new category are discussed. The dominated shrubs and herbs on the summit area of Mt. Rantemario were Leptospermum javanica (IVI=37.08), Eriocaulon truncatum (IVI=34.83), and Styphelia suaveolens (IVI=24.63). The association of those three plants with the Rhododendron’s were analysed

Systematic conservation planning of wild relatives of food crops in Indonesia

The increasing demand for food by the global population and the uncertainty of global environmental changes in the future require our attention to anticipate for the worst scenario, the global collapse of the living systems on Earth. Crops, as the main source of human food, should be maintained to increase their yields and resiliency to sustain the future of food security when most of the production system components become more limited and degraded. Therefore, crop improvement is a crucial step to boost their production capacity. For this, a wide range of genetic diversity is required to develop new varieties since genetic drift/bottleneck syndromes tend to lower the crop resilience capacity. One of a promising and increasingly used source as the plant genetic resources for crop improvement is Crop Wild Relatives (CWR). CWR as wild species are threatened by anthropogenic disturbances. Conservation of these resources is a key to preserve their existence and prolong their availability for crop improvement. Then, systematics conservation planning is required for efficiency and effectiveness of the allocation of conservation resources and to mainstream in the development sectors. Since food security and environmental protection are national responsibilities, conservation planning of CWR at the national level will support the country’s achievement for the global agendas. Indonesia, as a country with serious problems with biodiversity degradation and food insecurity, not yet have systematic conservation planning for its CWR. Therefore, this study aims to fill this gap. Systematic conservation planning of CWR for food crops in Indonesia was developed by several steps such as setting the priorities of CWR, conservation gap analysis in current in situ and ex situ conservation, climate change impact analysis, and novel threat assessment. About 1,968 taxa were identified as CWR of food crops. 234 of them were selected as national priorities. 66% of the priority CWR have no recorded ex situ collections. 28% have no presence records within the existing protected area network although 60 of them are predicted to exist in the existing protected area based on their predicted distribution model. At least, 40 complementary protected areas are required to conserve those CWR with records within the existing protected area. These 40 complementary areas are suggested as the initial areas for CWR genetic reserves network in Indonesia. The climate change impact analysis found that one to six of priority CWR, depend on the scenario, are predicted to have a significant negative impact in terms of their distribution range contraction. The existing protected areas that serve as climatic refugia and those containing holdouts population were identified for their in situ and ex situ conservation action targets. About 127 of priority CWR have novel threat assessments. 40 taxa are threatened, 32 are Near Threatened, 31 taxa are Least Concern, and 24 taxa are Data Deficient. 62% of threatened CWR inhabit the Sundaland area, one of the global biodiversity hotspots. The result of this study is a starting point for more discussion and comprehensive conservation planning of CWR that included more stakeholders. Feedbacks from all the related stakeholders will improve the conservation planning. The establishment of this conservation planning and its implementation will provide a path for effective long term conservation of CWR in Indonesia

Analysis Quality Improvement of Structural Work in Ciputra World Surabaya Project 3

Quality is very important in the success of construction projects. Tatamulia Nusantara Indah Contractor, has a standard of work quality based on the SMM (Quality Management System) for all projects undertaken. One of the projects is Ciputra World Surabaya 3, this project is a large project consisting of a Mall, Office Tower, SOHO and Vertu Apartments. This research will be carried out to improve the quality of structural work. The method used is the Six Sigma DMAIC approach (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control). Data collected from the Employment Nonconformity Report (LKP) in 2019. Starting from identifying the job with the highest number of LKPs, then calculating work disability using the sigma level. Defects that are at the sigma level will be analyzed and corrective actions sought. Furthermore, different field tests will be carried out to determine the comparison of work with the quality produced. The results obtained in this study using the Six Sigma DMAIC approach are successful in improving the quality of structure work compared to the previous conditions, because applying the recommendations of the best work actions before work will produce good quality as well

The Effect of Price and Promotion on Customer Satisfaction: Study at an Internet Service Company in Bandung

To understand and examine Internet Service Company in Bandung pricing and marketing strategies, we conducted this study at one of the internet service providers in Bandung. We employed a quantitative strategy for the inquiry that combined a descriptive and verifiable approach. One of the Bandung internet service providers provided 100 consumers for the survey. The study's path analysis reveals the correctness of the price and marketing variables at one of the Bandung internet service providers. The study's conclusions advise considering the costs and promotions provided by one of the Bandung-based internet service providers. According to the findings, Price (X1) significantly affects Customer Satisfaction (Y). The next factor that significantly affects customer happiness is promotion (X2).To understand and examine Internet Service Company in Bandung pricing and marketing strategies, we conducted this study at one of the internet service providers in Bandung. We employed a quantitative strategy for the inquiry that combined a descriptive and verifiable approach. One of the Bandung internet service providers provided 100 consumers for the survey. The study's path analysis reveals the correctness of the price and marketing variables at one of the Bandung internet service providers. The study's conclusions advise considering the costs and promotions provided by one of the Bandung-based internet service providers. According to the findings, Price (X1) significantly affects Customer Satisfaction (Y). The next factor that significantly affects customer happiness is promotion (X2)

The Effects of NPK Fertilizer, Manure and Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (VAM) on the Growth, Biomass and Artemisinin Content of Artemisia Annua L.

Most artemisinin is extracted from an annual herb Artemisia annua L. but the cultivation in Indonesia is limited bythe low yield of the artemisin incontent that is not economically beneficial to industry. Improvement on cultivatedvarieties and cultivation techniques is therefore needed. This work aims to improve the cultivation techniques byevaluating the application effects of NPK, manure, and VAM on the artemisinin yield of A. annua. The experimentwas set using a Split Split Plot Design involving three factors. First factor was the application of four dosages ofNPK (0 kg ha-1 as a control; 40:40:40 kg ha-1; 80:80:80 kg ha-1; and 120:120:120 kg ha-1). Second factor wasmanure addition (using 0 ton ha-1 and 150 tons ha-1). Third factor wasthe application of mycorrhiza (0 g plant-1and15 g plant-1). The experiment was divided into three different groups based on the seed sources (Bandung, Cibodas,and Tawangmangu plants) using similar treatments. The results showed that the plant growth (Relative GrowthRates/RGR of plant heights and number of branches), leaf yield, and total plant biomass were much affected byNPK. The addition of manure has less significant effect on those parameters. Only VAM seems to influence theartemisinin content. The highest artemisinin yield (5 kg ha-1) was relatively low when compared to the productionin USA, China, and Brazil. However the result shows that a low fertilizer input of 40:40:40 kg NPK ha-1 and aninoculation of VAM were recommended for cultivating A. annua resulting a significantly high yield of artemisinin

Population Size of Two Endangered Vireya Rhododendron Species and Their Surrounding Vegetation on the Summit of the Mt. Rantemario, Sulawesi

Five of 29 species of Rhododendron of Sulawesi are threatened and two of them have endangered status (EN D). Field work assessment conducted to measure the current population size of endangered R. eymae and R. nanophyton var. nanophyton. One hundred and forty plots (5x5 m2) along seven transects were made around the summit of Mt. Rantemario (3,269-3,445 m asl.), South Sulawesi. The result found that there were 318 individuals of R. eymae and two individuals of R. nanophyton var. nanophyton within the plots. We also found that estimated population sizes of those two species have not meet with the criteria that previously stated (EN D). The proper status for both species were Vulnerable (VU D2). The reason behind were discussed. While, dominated shrubs and herbs on the summit area of Mt. Rantemario were Leptospermum javanicum Blume (IVI=37.08), Eriocaulon truncatum Buch.-Ham. ex Mart (IVI=34.83), and Styphelia suaveolens (Hook.f.) Warb. (IVI=24.63). The association of those three plants with the Rhododendrons were analysed