Säljer manipulerade bilder bättre? : En studie om färgens påverkan på betalningsviljan

Syfte: Bakgrund till den valda studien beror på den begränsade forskningen kring hur färger kan påverka betalningsviljan hos konsumenter. Det finns tidigare forskning som visar på att färger påverkar människan men som också pekat på att vidare forskning borde koppla samman färg och WTP. Syftet med studien är att analysera hur HSL påverkar kundernas känslor av interiörbilder i marknadsföring och hur det i sin tur påverkar kundernas betalningsvilja. Metod: För att genomföra studien genomfördes ett experiment på en högskola i Sverige med 102 slumpvis utvalda respondenter. Respondenterna fick besvara en enkät med tre bilder i varje. Det finns tre olika enkäter med samma bilder, men i två av enkäterna är bilderna manipulerade och i en enkät är det originalbilderna. Data som samlades in analyserades i SPSS där resultat togs fram som vi sedermera tolkar och analyser. Resultat & slutsats: Det vi kan visa på är att HSL har en påverkan på känslor och det främst när det kommer till högre ljusstyrka och mättnad. Vi har hittat skillnader som korroborerar med den tidigare forskningen men även skillnader som går emot den tidigare forskningen. Vi kan även konstatera att manipuleringarna ökar uppfattningen om hur prisvärd bostaden upplevs, och vi kan se tendenser till att betalningsviljan är något högre på de manipulerade bilderna. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Eftersom att vårt resultat inte går att generalisera eller att använda för att falsifiera på grund av ett för litet urval kan vidare forskning replikera studien men med ett större urval. Vidare förslag på vidare forskning: -          Hur påverkar högre ljusstyrka och högre mättnad i samma bild konsumenternas känslor? -          Hur påverkar färgnyans betalningsviljan? Uppsatsens bidrag: Denna studie bidrar till en ökad förståelse kring hur färger kan påverka känslor som i sin tur påverkar betalningsviljan. Vårt bidrag riktar sig även till branschen och hur branschen bör lägga stor vikt på bra bilder vid marknadsföring av bostadsobjekt. Aim: The background to the chosen study is due to the limited research on colors effect on consumer’s willingness to pay. The research that has been done shows that colors affects humans, but there has also pointed out that further research should combine color and WTP. The purpose of this study is to analyze how HSL affects consumer’s emotions of interior pictures in marketing and how it in turn affects consumer’s willingness to pay. Method: To complete the study, an experiment was conducted at a university in Sweden with 102 randomly selected respondents. The respondents were asked to answer a survey with three pictures in each. There were three different surveys with the same pictures, but in two of the surveys the pictures were manipulated and in one survey there was the original picture. Data collected was analyzed in SPSS where the results were presented as we later interpreted and analyzed. Result & Conclusions: The results show that HSL has an influence on emotions and especially when it comes to higher brightness and saturation. We have found differences that corroborate with the previous research but also differences that go against the previous researches. We also find that the manipulations increased the perception of how affordable the housing was experienced, and we could see trends that the willingness to pay was slightly higher on the manipulated pictures. Suggestions for future research: Our results cannot be generalized or used to falsify due to the small selection, research can replicate the study but with a larger selection. Further suggestion for further research: -          How does higher brightness and higher saturation in the same picture affect the consumers’              emotions? -          How dose hues affect willingness to pay?  Contribution of the thesis: This study contributes to an increased understanding of how colors can affect feelings and how it in turn affects willingness to pay. Our contribution is also aimed to people working in marketing and how they should place great emphasis on good pictures in the marketing of housing properties.

Quality of life among mothers of preterm infants during the first year after birth : A longitudinal cohort study

Bakgrund För tidig födsel innebär ökade risker för barnets liv och hälsa. Att få ett mycket för tidigt fött barn och därmed behöva vårdas på neonatalavdelning kan vara traumatiskt, omvälvande och stressande för mammor och kan ha stor betydelse för deras livskvalitet. Syfte Att beskriva mammor till för tidigt födda barns livskvalitet och påverkande faktorer upp till 12 månader efter förlossningen. Metod Studien hade en kvantitativ design och var en longitudinell kohortstudie där mammor (n=493) till barn som vårdats på sex olika neonatalavdelningar i Sverige fick svara på enkäter om livskvalitet (SF-36) vid fyra olika tillfällen under det första året efter förlossningen. Data har analyserats för att se vilka faktorer som kan ha haft betydelse för mammans livskvalitet samt om det fanns några skillnader över tid. Resultat Lägst livskvalitet skattades vid utskrivning från neonatalavdelning med en signifikant och successiv förbättring de kommande 12 månaderna (p <0,01). Inom grupperna med olika faktorer fanns vissa signifikanta skillnader i livskvalitet med liten eller medelhög effektstorlek i några dimensioner av livskvalitet. Slutsats Mammorna skattade lägre livskvalitet vid utskrivning än senare under det första året och det fanns skillnader i livskvalitet mellan olika grupper av mammor. Detta är viktig kunskap för hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal i mötet med mammor till för tidigt födda barn. Klinisk tillämpbarhet Resultatet kan hjälpa barnmorskor och även barnsjuksköterskor och distriktsjuksköterskor att få en bättre förståelse för mammor till för tidigt födda barn och därmed kunna förebygga ohälsa och stötta mammorna för att främja en god anknytning till barnet.Background Premature birth involves an increased risk for the child's life and health. Having a preterm infant and thus needing care at a neonatal unit may be traumatic and stressful for mothers and also have a great impact on their quality of life. Aim To describe the quality of life among mothers of preterm infants and influencing factors up to 12 months after birth. Method The study had a quantitative design and was a longitudinal cohort study. Mothers (n = 493) of preterm infants who were cared for at six neonatal units in Sweden answered questionnaires about quality of life (SF-36) on four different occasions during the first year after birth. Data has been analyzed to see which factors that may have had an impact on the mother's quality of life and whether there were any differences over time. Results The lowest quality of life was estimated at discharge from the neonatal unit with a significant and gradual improvement in the first year after delivery (p<0,01). Within the different groups of mothers, there were significant differences in quality of life with a small or medium effect size in some dimensions of quality of life. Conclusion The mothers in this study rated their quality of life lowest at the time for discharge from the neonatal unit, and there were differences in quality of life between different groups of mothers. This is important knowledge for healthcare professionals. Clinical application The result of this study may help midwives and other healthcare professionals to gain a better understanding of mothers of preterm infants and their situation and thereby prevent mental illness and support the mothers to promote secure attachment with their children

Quality of life among mothers of preterm infants during the first year after birth : A longitudinal cohort study

Bakgrund För tidig födsel innebär ökade risker för barnets liv och hälsa. Att få ett mycket för tidigt fött barn och därmed behöva vårdas på neonatalavdelning kan vara traumatiskt, omvälvande och stressande för mammor och kan ha stor betydelse för deras livskvalitet. Syfte Att beskriva mammor till för tidigt födda barns livskvalitet och påverkande faktorer upp till 12 månader efter förlossningen. Metod Studien hade en kvantitativ design och var en longitudinell kohortstudie där mammor (n=493) till barn som vårdats på sex olika neonatalavdelningar i Sverige fick svara på enkäter om livskvalitet (SF-36) vid fyra olika tillfällen under det första året efter förlossningen. Data har analyserats för att se vilka faktorer som kan ha haft betydelse för mammans livskvalitet samt om det fanns några skillnader över tid. Resultat Lägst livskvalitet skattades vid utskrivning från neonatalavdelning med en signifikant och successiv förbättring de kommande 12 månaderna (p <0,01). Inom grupperna med olika faktorer fanns vissa signifikanta skillnader i livskvalitet med liten eller medelhög effektstorlek i några dimensioner av livskvalitet. Slutsats Mammorna skattade lägre livskvalitet vid utskrivning än senare under det första året och det fanns skillnader i livskvalitet mellan olika grupper av mammor. Detta är viktig kunskap för hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal i mötet med mammor till för tidigt födda barn. Klinisk tillämpbarhet Resultatet kan hjälpa barnmorskor och även barnsjuksköterskor och distriktsjuksköterskor att få en bättre förståelse för mammor till för tidigt födda barn och därmed kunna förebygga ohälsa och stötta mammorna för att främja en god anknytning till barnet.Background Premature birth involves an increased risk for the child's life and health. Having a preterm infant and thus needing care at a neonatal unit may be traumatic and stressful for mothers and also have a great impact on their quality of life. Aim To describe the quality of life among mothers of preterm infants and influencing factors up to 12 months after birth. Method The study had a quantitative design and was a longitudinal cohort study. Mothers (n = 493) of preterm infants who were cared for at six neonatal units in Sweden answered questionnaires about quality of life (SF-36) on four different occasions during the first year after birth. Data has been analyzed to see which factors that may have had an impact on the mother's quality of life and whether there were any differences over time. Results The lowest quality of life was estimated at discharge from the neonatal unit with a significant and gradual improvement in the first year after delivery (p<0,01). Within the different groups of mothers, there were significant differences in quality of life with a small or medium effect size in some dimensions of quality of life. Conclusion The mothers in this study rated their quality of life lowest at the time for discharge from the neonatal unit, and there were differences in quality of life between different groups of mothers. This is important knowledge for healthcare professionals. Clinical application The result of this study may help midwives and other healthcare professionals to gain a better understanding of mothers of preterm infants and their situation and thereby prevent mental illness and support the mothers to promote secure attachment with their children

Lessons learned from mixed-methods research when designing and evaluating an education intervention in nursing homes: a retrospective reflection

Background: Several interacting factors, such as the evidence, modes of delivery, and care recipients and their contexts influence the success or failure of implementation and practice development in health services. Mixed-methods research has the potential to unpack these elements and clarify their effect. However, mixed-methods approaches embedded in different worldviews may challenge both the designing and conducting of such studies. Aims and objectives: To share lessons learned in a research team whose members were novices in mixing methods situated in different paradigms within the same study. By sharing insight gained from reflecting on the advantages and challenges the team experienced, this article hopes to inspire researchers and practice developers to create and conduct innovative mixed-methods research, and also to help them avoid challenges that may hamper collaboration in such research and practice development teams. Methods: A retrospective reflection on lessons learned when designing, conducting and evaluating a facilitated education intervention in 24 Norwegian nursing homes from 2012 to 2015. The intervention aimed to help staff reduce the use of restraint in residents living with dementia, while the research study mixed a cluster-randomised controlled trial with participatory action research and ethnography to evaluate both the effect of the implementation process and the factors influencing it. The study findings prompted the retrospective reflection on lessons learned. Field notes from the first and third authors, as well as published advice and reports from experienced mixed-methods researchers were used in the reflection processes between the three authors. Lessons learned: Qualitative data enriched the causal explanations based on trial findings and provided explanatory contextual illuminations of how implementation succeeded or failed in different nursing homes. However, conducting mixed-methods research in a multidisciplinary team with members anchored in either qualitative or quantitative traditions was challenging due to different paradigmatic positions, as well as the team’s reluctance to address openly the resulting difficulties. Conclusions and implications for practice: Mixing research methods may illuminate the powerful influence of context on the implementation and effectiveness of studies. As part of the preparation, researchers should allocate sufficient time to discuss potential differences in values and underlying ontological and epistemological assumptions, and demonstrate mutual methodological respect. The implications for practice are: Theoretically informed mixed-methods evaluation offers the potential to identify and systematically evaluate the key components and outcomes of practice development endeavours Results from rigorous mixed-methods research may enable more precision illumination of the complex interaction between the staff’s skills and intentions to perform person-centred care, and the contextual conditions employers offer them in which to practice their care Thus, mixed-methods research results may be useful, in terms of accountability and value for money, to health leaders, who are increasingly challenged to apply evidence-informed, person-centred approaches to car

Living with cancer and perception of care: Icelandic oncology outpatients, a qualitative study

Aim This qualitative study was set out to explore oncology outpatient experiences of having cancer, to illuminate coping strategies and to explore perceptions of care and service provided while treated for cancer. Materials and methods Thirty patients undergoing chemotherapy or radiotherapy were consecutively selected for the study in three oncology outpatient clinics in Iceland; mean age was 55 years. All participants gave written consent but five dropped out of the study. Twenty-five semi-structured single interviews were conducted and analysed using manifest and latent content analysis. Results The descriptive level of the text could be understood as: (a) getting cancer: alarming experience; (b) coping: balancing life as it was before cancer against present situation to achieve normality; (c) satisfaction: encountering caring behaviour enhances satisfaction and well being. Each of the categories encompassed variation of subcategories. All the categories were summarised in the core category: "Being in the alarming situation of getting cancer evokes a strong need to maintain normality and keep uncertainty at distance with support from caring and sensitive encounters." This reflected patients' overall experiences of being diagnosed with cancer, how they coped and their perception of quality of care while going through treatment. Conclusion Reactions to the diagnosis of cancer indicate strong emotional reactions. A strong will to handle the situation and determination to maintain normality in life was prominent. Establishment of positive patient-health care professional relationships, caring encounters, faith, believing in treatment and support from family was highly valued as support and giving hope

Illegal Online Sexual Behavior During the COVID-19 Pandemic : A Call for Action Based on Experiences From the Ongoing Prevent It Research Study

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Effects of internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy on use of child sexual abuse material: A randomized placebo-controlled trial on the Darknet

Introduction: The use of child sexual abuse material (CSAM) is an international public health and child protection challenge.Objective: To investigate whether Prevent It, a therapist-supported, internet-delivered, eight-week, cognitive behavioral therapy, reduces CSAM viewing among users.Methods: We conducted a global online single-blind (participants), parallel-group, superiority, randomized, psychological placebo-controlled trial with a one-month follow-up, 2019-2021 (ISRCTN76841676). We recruited anonymous participants, mainly from Darknet forums. Inclusion criteria: age 18+ years, past week CSAM use, and sufficient English language skills; exclusion criteria: severe psychiatric illness or non-serious intent to participate. The main outcome was change in self-reported, weekly viewing time from pre-to post-treatment, according to the Sexual Child Molestation Risk Assessment+.Results: A total of 160 participants (157 male, 2 non-binary, and 1 not reporting gender) from all world regions (age intervals [%]: 18-29 [49]; 30-39 [30]; 40-49 [15]; 50-59 [6]) were randomized (1:1) to Prevent It (N = 80) or Placebo (N = 80). Between-group, intention-to-treat analyses suggested a significantly larger decrease in viewing time in Prevent It participants vs. controls pre-to post-treatment (Prevent It: N = 76, Placebo: N = 78, estimate-0.25, 95 % CI,-0.46 to-0.04, p = .017, Cohens d 0.18). Negative side effects from treatment were fewer in Prevent It compared to control participants and neither group reported severe adverse events.Conclusion: We provide initial support for the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of Prevent It to reduce CSAM viewing among motivated users. Further research is needed to validate these findings