Sumbangan perubahan teknologi terhadap pertumbuhan output industri skel kecil dan sederhana di Malaysia

Purpose – The article has two main objectives. Firstly, it analyses technical efficiency, technological change, and total factor productivity (TFP) growth in small and medium industries (SMEs) in Malaysia. Secondly, it examines to what extent technological change influences SMEs output growth. Design/Methodology/Approach – The analysis was based on the Manufacturing Industrial Survey data of 1985-2003 collected by the Department of Statistics Malaysia. SMEs are defined as an industry with less than 200 full-time workers. The study covers 10 SMEs sub-industries at 3 digits of the Manufacturing Standard Industrial Classifi cation (MSIC). In achieving the first objective, the study used Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The value of technological change derived from DEA was then used as the dependent variable in the production function to achieve the second objective. Findings – The study showed that TFP growth for the overall SMEs is negative due to negative change of both technical change and technological change. However, analysis at the sub-industry level showed positive TFP growth for food and beverages, textiles, and plastic products, which was due to positive growth of their technical change. Technological change has positive impact on six SMEs sub-industries, i.e. food and beverages, textiles, wood-based products, plastic products, electrical electronics, and transport equipments. Originality/Value – This article introduces a new measurement for technological change from a DEA approach to be incorporated in the production function. Paper type – Research Paper

The Relationship Between Board Skills and Conservatism: Malaysian Evidence

This study seeks to examine the influence of board skill, multiple directorships (BSHIP), and tenure of independent directors on accounting conservatism, as measured by asymmetric timeliness and accrual-based conservatism (CONACCR). Fixed-effect regression models were constructed on a sample of 2016 firm-year observations for asymmetric timeliness model and 2033 firm-year observations for CONACCR model, which covered from 2001 to 2007. The findings show that the degree of financial expertise on the board is positively associated with the recognition of bad news which is relative to good news into earnings. BSHIP appears to have no effect on conservatism. Independent directors who have longer tenure in the board of the firms are slower in recognizing bad news which is relative to good news into earnings. The study provides empirical evidence on the effectiveness of the board of directors, which will be an interest to the practitioner or regulators in reviewing the corporate governance regulations

Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Tematik Berbasis Model PJBL di Sekolah Dasar

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan bahan ajar Pembelajaran Tematik Terpadu Berbasis Model Project Based Learning (PjBL) yang valid, praktis dan efektif. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian pengembangan. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada siswa kelas IV SDN 19 Baringin Kota Padang Tahun Pelajaran 2020/2021. Penelitian ini menggunakan model 4-D yang terdiri dari 4 tahap, yaitu: define, design, develop dan disseminate. Instrumen pengumpulan datanya yaitu: instrument validasi berupa lembar validasi bahan ajar. Instrumen praktikalitas berupa angket respon guru dan angket respon siswa, instrument keefektifan berupa lembar test hasil belajar dan lembar observasi aktivitas belajar siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Dihasilkan bahan ajar tematik terpadu berbasis model Project Based Learning (PjBL) dengan dengan nilai rata-rata 4,6 yang termasuk pada kategori sangat valid, (2) Praktikalitas penggunaan bahan ajar berbasis model Project Based Learning (PjBL) dengan tingkat kepraktisan mencapai 3,2 pada kategori praktis, dan angket respon peserta didik setelah menggunakan bahan ajar yang telah dikembangkan dengan tingkat kepraktisan 3,57 pada kategori sangat praktis dan (3) Efektivitas penggunaan bahan ajar tematik terpadu berbasis model Project Based Learning (PjBL) dengan kategori sangat bai

The relationship between parental belief on filial piety and child psychosocial adjustment among Malay families

This study examines the relationship between parental belief on filial piety and child psychosocial adjustment among Malay families. The study sample comprised 108 mother-child dyads of Malay families from the central zone of Peninsular Malaysia. Data were collected using structured questionnaires. Parental belief was measured using Parental Belief Scale, while child psychosocial adjustment was measured using Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Results showed that children whose parents believed in filial piety had significantly lower levels of total difficulties in behavioural, emotional symptoms, conduct problem, and hyperactivity or inattention. Findings implied that filial piety could be used as a positive measure of behavioural and emotional control of a child. Therefore, it is important for parents to nurture their children about filial piety expectations so as to provide them with moral education associated with positive psychosocial adjustment

Teachers' self-efficacy in teaching family life education

Although the notion of self-efficacy has been applied to many domains, little is known regarding teacher efficacy in teaching family life. Self-efficacy in this study refers to teachers' beliefs that their efforts can improve students' moral characters and behaviors in relation to family life. In Malaysian secondary schools, aspects of family life are taught through five different subjects. Therefore, there is a need for studying teachers' self-efficacy in teaching family life, which is the main purpose of this research. In this research, the Teachers' Sense of Efficacy Scale, developed by Tschannen-Moran and Woolfolk Hoy (2001), was used to measure teachers' self-efficacy. Data was collected from 419 secondary school teachers who teach family life. Findings indicated that respondents had moderate self-efficacy for the overall teaching efficacy as well as three sub dimensions of efficacy. The implication of the study is discussed in the last part of the paper. Suggestions offered are hopefully to be considered to enhance and foster teacher efficacy in teaching family life

Risk assessment of tower crane operation in high rise construction

Construction in Malaysia is rapidly increase nowadays especially involving high rise construction. As tower cranes also extensively used for hoisting materials in high rise construction, its operation also increasingly involved in a high rise construction. The usage of tower crane at construction site also created several of risk and hazard that will cause the accident toward the construction workers and public surrounding. This paper is to identify the operation hazard that occurred during tower crane operation and to propose a safe operation guideline for tower crane operation. The study began with collecting relevant tower crane hazard through conducting survey questionnaire for respondents at selected 3 numbers of high rise construction project. Through the survey and site observation, it was found that a several type of accident and hazard involved during the operation of tower crane. From the result, risk rating has been conducted to establish a safe operation guideline for the tower crane operation

Critical control points in the processing of fish snacks in Malaysia

Fish remains an important source of protein for the Malaysian people regardless of their economic status and background. This commodity is an important export earner as well as providing employment to the nation. A substantial percentage of the total marine fish landing and aquaculture produce is processed into various products, namely reduction products, dried and/or salted fish, fish snacks, fermented products, surimi and surimi-based products, frozen and smoked products. About 7,000 tonnes of fish snacks are produced annually by small-scale processors throughout the country. These comprise mainly of intermediate products and puffed crackers from fish, prawns and cuttlefish and ready-to-eat fish satay, a spiced snack made mainly from yellow goatfish. Some of the problems relating to quality that resulted from improper control of processes are discussed. This paper outlines and discusses the critical control points in the production of fish crackers namely freshness of raw material, mixing, forming, cooking and the drying processes. This paper also emphasizes on the use of simple machinery and processes that can greatly improve the quality of fish crackers for better acceptance by its consumers. These include the use of deboning machines for more efficient flesh recovery, use of the stuffer for better forming of the dough, the use of mechanical/solar driers for better control of temperature and air flow during the drying process and proposes the use of suitable packaging materials to extend the shelf life of the product

PKM Pada Kelompok Masyarakat Desa Galesong Baru Kecamatan Galesong Kabupaten Takalar Tentang Pemanfaatan Obat Tradisional

 One area in Takalar district that still uses traditional medicine as an alternative treatment is Galesong Baru village. The use of traditional medicine in this area is based on traditonally principles, or ancestral recipes, customs, beliefs, or local customs. This service activity aims to provide knowledge and skills to the Galesong Baru community about the use of traditional medicine. The Activities are carried out online and offline using lecture methods, discussions, video screenings of traditional medicinal processing and distribution of books on traditional medicinal plants. The counseling materials provided included the definition of traditional medicine, general instructions for the use of traditional medicine and the provision of examples of traditional medicinal ingredients such as Zingiber cassumunar, Kaempferia galanga L, Zingiber officinale Rosc, Zingiber officinale varietas rubrum, Andrographis paniculata and Piper betle. The results of community service activities have provided increased knowledge and skills from the community on how to utilisation of traditional plants.Keywords : Traditional medicine, Dedicated to Community, Galesong BaruSalah satu wilayah di kabupaten Takalar yang masih memanfaatkan obat tradisional sebagai alternative pengobatan adalah desa Galesong Baru. Penggunaan obat tradisional di wilayah ini berdasarkan prinsip turun temurun, atau resep nenek moyang , adat-istiadat, kepercayaan, atau kebiasaan setempat. Kegiatan pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pengetahuan dan keterampilan kepada masyarakat Galesong Baru tentang penggunaan obat tradisional. Kegiatan dilakukan secara daring maupun luring dengan menggunakan metode ceramah, diskusi, pemutaran video pengolahan obat tradisional serta pembagian buku tanaman obat tradisional. Materi penyuluhan yang diberikan meliputi pengertian obat tradisional, petunjuk umum penggunaan obat tradisional dan pemberian contoh ramuan obat tradisional seperti bangle, kencur, jahe merah, jahe, sambiloto dan sirih. Hasil Kegiatan pengabdian telah memberikan peningkatan pengetahuan dan keterampilan dari masyarakat tentang cara pemamfaatan tanaman tradisional.Kata Kunci : Pengobatan tradisional, Pengabdian kepada masyaraka

Types of support received by co-resident & non co-resident older Malaysians

Dependency in old age is commonly linked to declining health and financial resources and thus, older persons have to rely on family members for support. Nonetheless, family support has been found to vary widely by coresidence status. The purpose of this study is to determine the contribution of co-residence status and selected demographic variables in predicting the likelihood of older persons receiving financial and/or non-financial support from children. A sub-sample of 1,273 older persons aged 60 years and above was obtained from a nationwide survey in Malaysia in 2010. Respondents’ response on the types of support received from children were collapsed into financial (monetary assistance and payment for: treatment cost, place to stay, in-home care services, and assistive devices) and non-financial support (household chores, care when sick and others). Multinomial logistic regression was performed to assess the contribution of factors on the likelihood that respondents would receive support (0 = No support, 1 = Either financial or non-financial support, 2 = Both types of support). The model contained eight dichotomous independent variables including sex, education level, marital status, employment status, co-resident status, health problems, monthly personal income and household size. Descriptive results showed that 78.9% of older persons co-reside with their children. Majority of older persons received both financial and non-financial support (64%), compared to financial only (11%), non-financial only (9%), or no support at all (16%). Chi-square test of independence found that there was significant relationship between co-residential status and types of assistance received. Multinomial regression showed that co-residence with children was the most influential determinant of support type, followed by employment and education of older persons. The full model containing all predictors was statistically significant (Χ2 = 196.512, df = 16, p = 0.001) and correctly classified 66% of cases, which was more robust proportional by chance accuracy rate, in distinguishing respondents with different types of support received. Reference group for the model are those who received no support. If an elderly were to co-reside with adult children, they are 3 times more likely to receive both support than not getting any. Differences in the respondent’s gender and health were significant determinants of partial or full support. While co-residential status affects the overall support for the elderly in Malaysia, the relative influence of other predictors must be given due consideration. The disadvantaged elderly or older persons at-risk should be provided with assistance so that they do not face unmet needs in terms of support in old age. 「为马来西亚独居和非独居长者提供的多种支援」 摘要 老年时期的依赖性往往与健康状况转差和收入来源减少有关，因此老人需要依仗家人的照顾和支持。但即使同住，家庭支持的方式也是纷繁多样。此研究目的是尝试查明根据同住状况和特定的人口变量，看是否能有效预测老人可否从子女身上获得经济和工具性的支持。子样本的数据是从2010年在马来西亚全国进行的调查所得，共有1273位六十岁或以上的老人参与调查。调查对象的报告显示，从子女身上获得的支持可分为财政支持（金钱补贴及支付医疗费用、住宿费、家居护理服务费和辅助器材费）和非财政支持（打理家务杂事和患病时的照顾）。调查使用多项式逻辑回归分析来评估调查对象是否可获得子女支持的因素（0=没有任何支持，1=只有财政支持或只有非财政支持，2=两种支持皆有）。调查模型包括八个二分独立的可变因素，即性别、教育程度、婚姻、就业、同住、健康问题、个人月入以及家庭大小。描述性结果显示78.9%的老人与子女同住。大部份老人（64%）都获得财政支持和非财政支持；而只获得财政支持，或只有非财政支持的老人则各占11%和9%；甚么支持都没有的占16%。卡方独立性测定反映同住与获得的支持有重要关系。多项式回归分析显示与子女同住为最重要的影响，其次为老人的就业程况及教育水平。包含所有预测因子的完整模型从统计学上来说是具重要性的（X2=196.512，df=16，p=0.001），而且以机会准确值来说它有着充裕的比例，能准确地把66%的个案分类，反映模型能区分获得不同种类支持的调查对象。参照群组是由没有接受支持的老人。如老人与成年子女同住，他们获得财政支持和工具性支持的比率，比什么支持也得不到的比率高出3倍。受访对象的性别及健康亦是能否获得局部或全面的支持的决定因素。虽然同住状况影响了马来西亚长者得到的整体支持，但其他因素的相关影响亦需要注视。身体有残疾或高危长者需要获得支持，让他们不会老而无依

Status and development of the fish processing industry in Malaysia

The main emphasis of the National Agriculture Policy is to increase food production. At the same time, the importance of managing the fishery resources on a sustainable basis is fully recognized. In the fisheries sector, the new Seventh Malaysian Plan stresses even further on achieving this objective via increasing efforts in off-shore fishing, aquaculture (essentially seawater cage culture) and downstream value-added activities, while at the same time reducing aquatic environmental degradation. This paper looks at the fishery resources, market outlook and consumption trends. This paper also outlines trends and developments in the fish processing industry in Malaysia and includes research conducted by government organizations, research institutions and institutions of higher learning in the country. Emphasis will be given to the development and improvement of traditional products for wider acceptance, surimi and surimi-based products and product development from aquaculture produce. This involves the introduction of technological know-how by understanding the basic processes in an effort to upgrade the quality of the fishery products processed in the country. The increasing consumer s demand for safe and high quality food products requires a concerted effort on the part of the food producers and R & D authorities to incorporate good quality management in food production. The fish processing industry is no exception. Priority settings in R & D with sound quality management are discussed