Teaching medical interns during Covid-19 pandemic: Explaining the lived experiences of clinical instructors

Background The corona virus pandemic not only endangered the lives of many people, but also affected many organizations, including medical education. One of the challenges has been maintaining the quality of clinical education. Depending on the situation clinical educator adopted different strategies. Education changed from the patient bed to virtual training and blended education. Objective The purpose was to explain the lived experiences of clinical educator from education to interns in corona virus pandemic. Method Study was using phenomenological method. The participants were clinical educator who taught interns during the Covid 19 pandemic. Sampling was done purposefully and ended with data saturation. The data were obtained through semi-structured telephone interviews with 11 male and female participants with different specialties. Data were analyzed by Colaizzi descriptive phenomenology. Result Five final themes were created to describe the phenomenon of clinical education during the pandemic, focusing on virtual or combined training. These final themes were "Virtual education is an inadequate prerequisite", "Education tensions in crisis", "Platform for progress crisis", "The shadow of organization and structure affecting crisis education" and "Transformed educational beliefs and attitudes ". Conclusion The results showed that education during the pandemic has been experienced positively and negatively.&nbsp

Organization-based self-development prescriptive model for the promotion of professional development of Iranian clinical nurses

Background: Professional development is reiterated in the new definition of modern organizations as a serious undertaking of organizations. This article aims to present and describe a prescriptive model to increase the quality of professional development of Iranian nurses within an organization-based framework. Materials and Methods: This article is an outcome of the results of a study based on grounded theory describing how Iranian nurses develop. The present study adopted purposive sampling and the initial participants were experienced clinical nurses. Then, the study continued by theoretical sampling. The present study involved 21 participants. Data were mainly collected through interviews. Analysis began with open coding and continued with axial coding and selective coding. Trustworthiness was ensured by applying Lincoln and Guba criteria such as credibility, dependability, and conformability. Based on the data gathered in the study and a thorough review of related literature, a prescriptive model has been designed by use of the methodology of Walker and Avant (2005). Results: In this model, the first main component is a three-part structure: Reformation to establish a value-assigning structure, a position for human resource management, and a job redesigning. The second component is certain of opportunities for organization-oriented development. These strategies are as follows: Raising the sensitivity of the organization toward development, goal setting and planning the development of human resources, and improving management practices. Conclusions: Through this model, clinical nurses′ professional development can transform the profession from an individual, randomized activity into more planned and systematized services. This model can lead to a better quality of care

The Nurses\' Quality of Life Based on Burnout, Perceived Social Support and Psychological Hardiness

Background: Nurses are responsible for maintaining and improving the health and quality of life of patients. Therefore, it is important to assess the quality of life of nurses in order to improve it. Quality of life is affected by many variables&nbsp; and among them burnout, perceived social support and psychological hardiness are the leading ones. This study aimed at predicting the quality of life of nurses based on job burnout, perceived social support and psychological hardiness. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on nurses working in governmental hospitals in Tehran , 2015. Four-hundred nurses were selected by multistage cluster sampling. The instruments were burnout, perceived social support, psychological hardiness and quality of life questionnaires. The data was analyzed using Pearson correlation and multiple regression model simultaneously. &nbsp;Results: The results showed that the burnout and quality of life of&nbsp; the nurses had a significant and negative relationship (r=-0.39) and&nbsp; the perceived social support (r =0.61) and psychological hardiness (r =0.45) had a positive and significant correlation with quality of life of nurses (P<0.01). In a predictive model of burnout, perceived social support and psychological hardiness could predict 59.3 percent of the changes in quality of life (R2=0.593). Conclusion: According to the results, it is suggested that nursing executives, counselors, therapists and policy makers pay attention to the signs and the effects of&nbsp; these variables , and conduct some&nbsp; appropriate&nbsp; programs for improving the quality of life of nurses

Self-development: the process of professional development in Iranian nurses

Nowadays, change is inevitable, especially in the health care organizations, so Commitment to professional development is vital to most professions, including nursing. In Iran, nurses constitute a sizable amount of the people in the health care organizations, but no sufficient attention is paid to them and their development by the organization and the staff development programs available is assessed as inefficient by nurses. Therefore, it seems that understanding the concept and the process of development as viewed by nurses could assist the organizations and management and the nurses to achieve the same. The purpose of this study was to explore Iranian clinical nurses' professional development process. Grounded theory was chosen as the method for conducting this inquiry that was carried out at Tehran medical university hospitals. A total of 21 clinical nurses and nursing managers participated through a purposeful and theoretical sampling frame. The participants had nursing experience ranging from 3 to 28 years and worked in various clinical areas. Data were mainly collected through open-ended interviews to engage participants in dialogical interview relationships. No additional participants were sought when analysis indicated that data saturation had been reached. Data was analyzed using Corbin and Strauss' (2008) grounded theory approach to analysis. After analyzing the data, we identified four categories that included participants' experiences regarding processing of Self-Authorized Professional Development. The stages of this process are Self-awareness, Engagement to work, Self-acceptance, and Experimental self-proceeding. This research contributes to nursing knowledge by identifying a process through which nurses developed professionally. This understanding can be useful in nursing education to help prepare nurses for workplace realities and to help managers adopt an active role in developing their employees

Self-development: the process of professional development in Iranian nurses

Nowadays, change is inevitable, especially in the health care organizations, so Commitment to professional development is vital to most professions, including nursing. In Iran, nurses constitute a sizable amount of the people in the health care organizations, but no sufficient attention is paid to them and their development by the organization and the staff development programs available is assessed as inefficient by nurses. Therefore, it seems that understanding the concept and the process of development as viewed by nurses could assist the organizations and management and the nurses to achieve the same. The purpose of this study was to explore Iranian clinical nurses' professional development process. Grounded theory was chosen as the method for conducting this inquiry that was carried out at Tehran medical university hospitals. A total of 21 clinical nurses and nursing managers participated through a purposeful and theoretical sampling frame. The participants had nursing experience ranging from 3 to 28 years and worked in various clinical areas. Data were mainly collected through open-ended interviews to engage participants in dialogical interview relationships. No additional participants were sought when analysis indicated that data saturation had been reached. Data was analyzed using Corbin and Strauss' (2008) grounded theory approach to analysis. After analyzing the data, we identified four categories that included participants' experiences regarding processing of Self-Authorized Professional Development. The stages of this process are Self-awareness, Engagement to work, Self-acceptance, and Experimental self-proceeding. This research contributes to nursing knowledge by identifying a process through which nurses developed professionally. This understanding can be useful in nursing education to help prepare nurses for workplace realities and to help managers adopt an active role in developing their employees

Assessment of the Psychosocial Work Environment among Health Care Workers and Its Association with Work and Socioeconomic Status

Background: The health care sector constitutes one of the largest sources of employment worldwide. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the psychosocial status of health care workers and its association with different covariates. Methods: Health care workers from different universities, hospitals, clinics, urban and rural health centers took part in this cross-sectional study. The medium version of COPSOQ was used to evaluate the association between COPSOQ and covariates. The multivariate analyses of variance and covariance were employed to determine multivariate and univariate associations between all psychosocial dimensions and covariates. Results: Most COPSOQ scores showed a good internal consistency and reliability, with total Cronbach’s alpha of 0.76. The study population comprised 7,027 health care workers among whom 64% were female. The results indicated that nurses are more exposed to the psychosocial work environment compared to the other groups of workers within the health care settings. Conclusions: Nurses had a significantly higher risk regarding almost all the psychosocial factors. Considering that the main shortage of human resources in our study population belonged to the nursing group, this bad situation is not surprising. Healthcare workers, especially nurses, are facing various psychosocial factors more than other workers are, because all these factors are in the healthcare environment at the same time