Assessment of variability and association for seed yield and yield attributing traits among the interspecific derivatives of greengram x blackgram cross

The present investigation was carried out with 24 progenies in F4 generation of interspecific cross derivatives of Vigna radiata cv. VBN(Gg)2 x Vigna mungo cv. Mash 114 to study the variability and association among the yield and the yield component traits. A set of 24 F4 progenies from the interspecific cross between greengram (VBN(Gg)2) and blackgram (Mash 114) formed the basic genetic material for the present investigation. Variability studies recorded high Phenotypic Coefficient of Variation (PCV) and Genotypic Coefficient of Variation (GCV) for the traits viz., number of branches/ plant, number of clusters/ plant, number of pods/ plant and seed yield /plant. High heritability (h2) along with high genetic advance as per cent of mean (GAM) were recorded for the traits, plant height, number of clusters/ plant, number of pods/ plant and seed yield/ plant. Association studies revealed that the trait number of pods/ plant alone recorded high direct positive effect on seed yield/ plant. The results indicated that high magnitude of variability was present among the interspecific progenies for these traits. The high heritability and genetic advance might be due to presence of additive gene action. Hence selection based on these traits might be effective for genetic improvement among the interspecific progenies of Vigna radiata x Vigna mungo. The study indicates that the trait, number of pods / plant should be given due importance in selection programme for seed yield improvement in the interspecific progenies of greengram and blackgram

Congestion Control early warning system using Deep Learning

A new approach is proposed to analyze the live crowd and to provide an alert at the time of congestion, over-crowding and sudden gathering of pedestrians in a particular region. This paper proposes a completely software-oriented approach using MATLAB where it uses object detection and object tracking using Faster R- CNN (Region Based Convolutional Neural Network) algorithm where inception model of Google is used as CNN model which is pre-trained. This proposed method gives significant result on proposed dataset and the crowd congestion using Faster R-CNN approach which gives an accuracy of 93.503% at the rate 28 frames per second and the crowd detected video frames are uploaded to cloud storage

Natural product (L)-gossypol inhibits colon cancer cell growth by targeting RNA-binding protein Musashi-1

Musashi-1 (MSI1) is an RNA-binding protein that acts as a translation activator or repressor of target mRNAs. The best-characterized MSI1 target is Numb mRNA, whose encoded protein negatively regulates Notch signaling. Additional MSI1 targets include the mRNAs for the tumor suppressor protein APC that regulates Wnt signaling and the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor P21WAF−1. We hypothesized that increased expression of NUMB, P21 and APC, through inhibition of MSI1 RNA-binding activity might be an effective way to simultaneously downregulate Wnt and Notch signaling, thus blocking the growth of a broad range of cancer cells. We used a fluorescence polarization assay to screen for small molecules that disrupt the binding of MSI1 to its consensus RNA binding site. One of the top hits was (−)-gossypol (Ki = 476 ± 273 nM), a natural product from cottonseed, known to have potent anti-tumor activity and which has recently completed Phase IIb clinical trials for prostate cancer. Surface plasmon resonance and nuclear magnetic resonance studies demonstrate a direct interaction of (−)-gossypol with the RNA binding pocket of MSI1. We further showed that (−)-gossypol reduces Notch/Wnt signaling in several colon cancer cell lines having high levels of MSI1, with reduced SURVIVIN expression and increased apoptosis/autophagy. Finally, we showed that orally administered (−)-gossypol inhibits colon cancer growth in a mouse xenograft model. Our study identifies (−)-gossypol as a potential small molecule inhibitor of MSI1-RNA interaction, and suggests that inhibition of MSI1's RNA binding activity may be an effective anti-cancer strategy

Sequence and Structure Signatures of Cancer Mutation Hotspots in Protein Kinases

Protein kinases are the most common protein domains implicated in cancer, where somatically acquired mutations are known to be functionally linked to a variety of cancers. Resequencing studies of protein kinase coding regions have emphasized the importance of sequence and structure determinants of cancer-causing kinase mutations in understanding of the mutation-dependent activation process. We have developed an integrated bioinformatics resource, which consolidated and mapped all currently available information on genetic modifications in protein kinase genes with sequence, structure and functional data. The integration of diverse data types provided a convenient framework for kinome-wide study of sequence-based and structure-based signatures of cancer mutations. The database-driven analysis has revealed a differential enrichment of SNPs categories in functional regions of the kinase domain, demonstrating that a significant number of cancer mutations could fall at structurally equivalent positions (mutational hotspots) within the catalytic core. We have also found that structurally conserved mutational hotspots can be shared by multiple kinase genes and are often enriched by cancer driver mutations with high oncogenic activity. Structural modeling and energetic analysis of the mutational hotspots have suggested a common molecular mechanism of kinase activation by cancer mutations, and have allowed to reconcile the experimental data. According to a proposed mechanism, structural effect of kinase mutations with a high oncogenic potential may manifest in a significant destabilization of the autoinhibited kinase form, which is likely to drive tumorigenesis at some level. Structure-based functional annotation and prediction of cancer mutation effects in protein kinases can facilitate an understanding of the mutation-dependent activation process and inform experimental studies exploring molecular pathology of tumorigenesis

A new reagent for selective reduction of nitro group

1315-1318The nitro group in aromatic nitro compounds containing reducible substituents such as methyl, carboxylic acids and phenols, and halogens are selectively and rapidly reduced at room temperature to the corresponding amines in good yield by employing hydrazine glyoxylate in the presence of zinc powder or magnesium powder. It has been observed that hydrazine glyoxylate is more effective than hydrazine, glyoxylic acid, hydrazinium monoformate or ammonium monoformate and reduction of the nitro group occurs without hydrogenolysis in the presence of low-cost magnesium compared to expensive metals like palladium, platinum, ruthenium, etc. The products have been characterized by comparison of their TLC, infrared spectra and melting point

Novel approach to analysis of AMR: looking at the composite resistance phenotype

Submission of detail report with codes for the Vivli AMR Surveillance Open Data Re-use Data Challenge 2023 Team ID: 9049 [Lead: Shraddha Karve] Objectives: The escalating challenge of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant global concern for public healthcare systems1,2. Current AMR surveillance and molecular mechanism studies traditionally focus on specific drug-bug combinations, like carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, designated as a priority pathogen by the WHO3. While wastewater and environmental surveillance aim to detect Klebsiella species and genes conferring carbapenem resistance4, it is known that resistance genes for one antibiotic often coexist with genes for resistance to others5. To address these complexities, we propose a novel analysis approach using Klebsiella pneumoniae as a model. We consider the resistance profile of an isolate for a set of common antibiotics across two datasets, ATLAS and GEARS. We term this composite phenotype, encompassing resistance/sensitivity to a group of antibiotics, a 'subtype' of the pathogen. Our primary objective is to track and study the prevalence of different subtypes across time and space, enabling a more comprehensive understanding of AMR dynamics. We then explore the impact of climatic parameters on the prevalence of different Klebsiella pneumoniae subtypes, aiming to uncover additional insights into antibiotic resistance patterns. Rising temperatures and climate change have been associated with recent antibiotic resistance developments, as bacterial growth and genetic material dissemination are closely tied to temperature conditions6. Heavy rainfall has been linked to bacterial mutagenesis and antibiotic resistance gene expression7. Rising local temperatures in the United States and Europe have shown correlations with increased antibiotic resistance at the population level in various pathogens8,9. GitHub repository: https://github.com/KutumLab/amr-vivli-ashoka-submissio

Stabilisation of Highly Swelling Soil Using Non Conventional Stabilising Agents

 Soil adjustment goes for expanding or keeping up the security of soil mass and substance modification of soils to upgrade their Engineering Properties of either subsoil layers before laying any structure on it. Framework and industrialization fills in as a spine for a nation's economy. However because of fast industrialization there exist an issue as waste amassing and consequent issues because of their transfer and impacts of waste. This paper describes the study carried out with an aim to enhance the bearing capacity of clayey soils on mixing it with steel slag, lime, asbestos and sodium silicate in varied proportions. In this study various geotechnical properties such as liquid limits, plastic limits, Unconfined compressive strength, direct shear and CBR for soaked and unsoaked soil is computed. This type of stabilization is more suitable for construction of road project with clay soil where sand replacement is not sufficient and it mixed as a mass mix in the road side itself and strengthening the soil at higher rate.