CHIMERIC ANTIGEN RECEPTOR FOR CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA - A REVIEW

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia cancer is a deadly one which affects the bone marrow from making it to produce more amounts of white blood cells in the humans. This disease can be treated either by radiation therapy, bone marrow transplantation, chemotherapy, or immunotherapy. In radiation therapy, the ionizing radiation is used toward the tumor cells, but the main drawback is the radiation may affect the normal cells as well. To overcome this drawback, immunotherapy chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) is used. These CAR cells will target only the antigen of the tumor cells and not damage the normal cells in the body. In this therapy, the T-cells are taken either from the patients or a healthy donor and are engineered to express the CARs which are called as CAR-T-cells. When these CAR-T-cells come in contact with the antigen present on the surface of the tumor cells, they will get activated and become toxic to the tumor cells. This new class of therapy is having a great prospect in cancer immunotherapy

A Framework for Online Teaching and Learning: The S-CARE Pedagogical Model

Student satisfaction and retention is a key feature of any good educational programme. Deden (2005) reports a 7.7 % improvement in student retention after one year through a number of measures including the quality of instructor’s online interaction. When measuring the success of an online programme a number of learning permutations have to be considered, namely: the learning activities, tools, resources and interactions or communication which makes up a pedagogical scenario/landscape. Daniel (2004), states that when designing and executing a pedagogical scenario the teacher has to respect a harmonic equilibrium between the freedom for intellectual development and motivation on one hand and certain guiding principles on the other. Putting all the above contentions together, this paper aims to present an analysis of the different pedagogical permutations exhibited by 7 different online facilitators in the Master of Instructional Design & Technology programme at the Open University Malaysia based on feedback from students, the facilitators and analysis of online interactions. This paper will present findings to the main research question that guided the study, namely, what are the main characteristics of an optimal pedagogical scenario employed by MIDT facilitators, and can these be translated into an online learning model? Findings showed that 4 major characteristics of an optimal online pedagogy were planning, interaction, feedback and focus. These 4 characteristics were further checked and analyzed with MIDT students and facilitators and as such a framework for online learning was developed into the S-CARE model. What is the S-CARE? It is a new online pedagogical model proposed in this work and it stands for S=Strategic, C=Consistent, A=Adaptive, R=Realistic and E=Effective. Initial results show that most facilitators exhibited some form of S-CARE, however the model will need further testing to ensure the suggested pedagogical permutations are applicable for most pure online courses. The success of the S-CARE portends well for the future in that it provides a structure to teaching and learning within the framework of chaos of the online environment. The combined experience of about 2 years of work shows both the potential and the way forward for the future and S-CARE is a step forward in helping online teaching and learning achieve its promise. (Abstract by authors

Gaussian approximation and single-spin measurement in OSCAR MRFM with spin noise

A promising technique for measuring single electron spins is magnetic resonance force microscopy (MRFM), in which a microcantilever with a permanent magnetic tip is resonantly driven by a single oscillating spin. If the quality factor of the cantilever is high enough, this signal will be amplified over time to the point that it can be detected by optical or other techniques. An important requirement, however, is that this measurement process occur on a time scale short compared to any noise which disturbs the orientation of the measured spin. We describe a model of spin noise for the MRFM system, and show how this noise is transformed to become time-dependent in going to the usual rotating frame. We simplify the description of the cantilever-spin system by approximating the cantilever wavefunction as a Gaussian wavepacket, and show that the resulting approximation closely matches the full quantum behavior. We then examine the problem of detecting the signal for a cantilever with thermal noise and spin with spin noise, deriving a condition for this to be a useful measurement.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figures in EPS format, RevTeX 4.

On the dispersion of latex particles in a nematic solution. I. Experimental evidence and a simple model

Latex polyballs are suspended in an isotropic micellar solution which exhibits a nematic phase at low temperatures. At the transition, we observe that the particles are either retained or expelled from the structured phase depending on their size. A mean field theory with two coupled order parameters is proposed to account for this behavior at the transition. The experimental and theoretical phase diagrams are in qualitative agreement

Multiphase Plasma in Sub-Damped Lyman Alpha Systems: A Hidden Metal Reservoir

We present a VLT/UVES spectrum of a proximate sub-damped Lyman-alpha (sub-DLA) system at z=2.65618 toward the quasar Q0331-4505 (z_qso=2.6785+/-0.0030). Absorption lines of O I, Si II, Si III, Si IV, C II, C III, C IV, Fe II, Al II, and O VI are seen in the sub-DLA, which has a neutral hydrogen column density log N(H I)=19.82+/-0.05. The absorber is at a velocity of 1820+/-250 km/s from the quasar; however, its low metallicity [O/H]=-1.64+/-0.07, lack of partial coverage, lack of temporal variations between observations taken in 2003 and 2006, and non-detection of N V imply the absorber is not a genuine intrinsic system. By measuring the O VI column density and assuming equal metallicities in the neutral and ionized gas, we determine the column density of hot ionized hydrogen in this sub-DLA, and in two other sub-DLAs with O VI drawn from the literature. Coupling this with determinations of the typical amount of warm ionized hydrogen in sub-DLAs, we confirm that sub-DLAs are a more important metal reservoir than DLAs, in total comprising at least 6-22% of the metal budget at z~2.5.Comment: 5 pages, 3 color figures, accepted for publication in ApJ

Twisted Conjugacy Classes in Abelian Extensions of Certain Linear Groups

Given an automorphism $\phi:\Gamma\to \Gamma$, one has an action of $\Gamma$ on itself by $\phi$-twisted conjugacy, namely, $g.x=gx\phi(g^{-1})$. The orbits of this action are called $\phi$-twisted conjugacy classes. One says that $\Gamma$ has the $R_\infty$-property if there are infinitely many $\phi$-twisted conjugacy classes for every automorphism $\phi$ of $\Gamma$. In this paper we show that SL$(n,\mathbb{Z})$ and its congruence subgroups have the $R_\infty$-property. Further we show that any (countable) abelian extension of $\Gamma$ has the $R_\infty$-property where $\Gamma$ is a torsion free non-elementary hyperbolic group, or SL$(n,\mathbb{Z})$, Sp$(2n,\mathbb{Z})$ or a principal congruence subgroup of SL$(n,\mathbb{Z})$ or the fundamental group of a complete Riemannian manifold of constant negative curvature

4,9-Dioxa-1,3(1,2)-dibenzena-2(4,5)-1,3-oxazolidinacyclononaphane

The oxazole ring in the title compound, C20H23NO3, adopts an envelope conformation while the 12-membered ring is in a chair conformation. The dihedral angle between the benzene rings is 37.8 (1)°. The crystal structure displays inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonding

Measuring galaxy cluster masses with CMB lensing using a Maximum Likelihood estimator: Statistical and systematic error budgets for future experiments

We develop a Maximum Likelihood estimator (MLE) to measure the masses of galaxy clusters through the impact of gravitational lensing on the temperature and polarization anisotropies of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). We show that, at low noise levels in temperature, this optimal estimator outperforms the standard quadratic estimator by a factor of two. For polarization, we show that the Stokes Q/U maps can be used instead of the traditional E- and B-mode maps without losing information. We test and quantify the bias in the recovered lensing mass for a comprehensive list of potential systematic errors. Using realistic simulations, we examine the cluster mass uncertainties from CMB-cluster lensing as a function of an experiment's beam size and noise level. We predict the cluster mass uncertainties will be 3 - 6% for SPT-3G, AdvACT, and Simons Array experiments with 10,000 clusters and less than 1% for the CMB-S4 experiment with a sample containing 100,000 clusters. The mass constraints from CMB polarization are very sensitive to the experimental beam size and map noise level: for a factor of three reduction in either the beam size or noise level, the lensing signal-to-noise improves by roughly a factor of two.Comment: 28 pages, 5 figures: figs 2, 3 updated, references added: accepted for publication in JCA