Eggs for Improving Nutrition, cognitive development and reducing linear growth retardation among Infants and young Children (ENRICH) : Protocol of an egg supplementation trial among children aged 9-18 months in Hyderabad, India

SKB, SRC and BK: conceptualised, designed the study and wrote first draft. LFA, TD, DPP, MC, KS and PA: developed detailed protocols, planned data collection, critical input to manuscript. RM, HD-K, CH, SFR, RPullakhandam, RPalika, RRK, RNK, MLJ and PH: concept, design, critical inputs to manuscript.Peer reviewe

Eggs for Improving Nutrition, cognitive development and reducing linear growth retardation among Infants and young Children (ENRICH): protocol of an egg supplementation trial among children aged 9-18 months in Hyderabad, India.

INTRODUCTION: Evidence on the impact of nutrient-rich animal source foods such as eggs for improving child growth and cognition is inconsistent. This study aims to examine the impact of an egg intervention in children, along with behaviour change communication (BCC) to the mother, on linear growth and cognition, and nutritional status in children aged 9-18 months. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A 9-month open-labelled randomised controlled trial will be conducted in three urban slums in Hyderabad, India, as a substudy of an observational cohort study (n=350) following pregnant women and their children until 18 months of age in a population at risk of stunting. The children born to women enrolled during the third trimester of pregnancy will be block randomised in a 1:4 ratio into the intervention (n=70) and control (n=280) groups. Children in the intervention group will be supplemented with one egg per day starting from 9 months until 18 months of age. BCC designed to enhance adherence to the intervention will be used. The control group will be a part of the observational cohort and will not receive any intervention from the study team. The primary outcome will be length-for-age z-scores, and the secondary outcomes will include cognition, blood biomarkers of nutritional status including fatty acid profile and epigenetic signatures linked with linear growth and cognition. Multivariate intention-to-treat analyses will be conducted to assess the effect of the intervention. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The study is approved by the Institutional ethics committees of ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK. The results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and disseminated to policy-makers. Findings will also be shared with study participants and community leaders. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: CTRI/2021/11/038208

Nonlocal third-order shear deformation theory for analysis of laminated plates considering surface stress effects

n this work, analytical solutions are presented for laminated composite plates using a nonlocal third-order shear deformation theory considering the surface stress effects. The theory is based on Eringen’s theory of nonlocal continuum mechanics [1] and the third-order plate theory of Reddy [2] and [3]. The mathematical formulation for surface stress is based on Gurtin and Murdoch’s work [4] and [5]. Analytical solutions of bending and vibration of simply supported laminated and isotropic plates are presented using new formulation to illustrate the effects of nonlocality and surface stress on deflection and vibration frequencies for various span-to-thickness ratios (a/ha/h)

Nonlocal nonlinear bending and free vibration analysis of a rotating laminated nano cantilever beam

In this paper, we present the non-local nonlinear finite element formulations for the case of nonuniform rotating laminated nano cantilever beams using the Timoshenko beam theory. The surface stress effects are also taken into consideration. Non-local stress resultants are obtained by employing Eringen's nonlocal differential model. Geometric nonlinearity is taken into account by using the Green Lagrange strain tensor. Numerical solutions of nonlinear bending and free vibration are presented. Parametric studies have been carried out to understand the effect of non-local parameter and surface stresses on bending and vibration behavior of cantilever beams. Also, the effects of angular velocity and hub radius on the vibration behavior of the cantilever beam are studied

Interobserver agreement between eight observers using IOTA simple rules and O-RADS lexicon descriptors for adnexal masses.

PURPOSE: To evaluate interobserver agreement in assigning imaging features and classifying adnexal masses using the IOTA simple rules versus O-RADS lexicon and identify causes of discrepancy. METHODS: Pelvic ultrasound (US) examinations in 114 women with 118 adnexal masses were evaluated by eight radiologists blinded to the final diagnosis (4 attendings and 4 fellows) using IOTA simple rules and O-RADS lexicon. Each feature category was analyzed for interobserver agreement using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for ordinal variables and free marginal kappa for nominal variables. The two-tailed significance level (a) was set at 0.05. RESULTS: For IOTA simple rules, interobserver agreement was almost perfect for three malignant lesion categories (M2-4) and substantial for the remaining two (M1, M5) with k-values of 0.80-0.82 and 0.68-0.69, respectively. Interobserver agreement was almost perfect for two benign feature categories (B2, B3), substantial for two (B4, B5) and moderate for one (B1) with k-values of 0.81-0.90, 0.69-0.70 and 0.60, respectively. For O-RADS, interobserver agreement was almost perfect for two out of ten feature categories (ascites and peritoneal nodules) with k-values of 0.89 and 0.97. Interobserver agreement ranged from fair to substantial for the remaining eight feature categories with k-values of 0.39-0.61. Fellows and attendings had ICC values of 0.725 and 0.517, respectively. CONCLUSION: O-RADS had variable interobserver agreement with overall good agreement. IOTA simple rules had more uniform interobserver agreement with overall excellent agreement. Greater reader experience did not improve interobserver agreement with O-RADS