Islamization Versus Deislamization of Language a Case of Indonesian Vocabularies

The Islamization of language could not be deniable when Isalamization process is carried out in any cultures. Arabic language is being charged with Divine inspiration in the form of Revelation so that Arabic becomes the noblest one among the humankind’s language and it is the only divinely inspiration living language. The Islamic key concepts as represented by its worldview is encompassing some vocabularies which are use in any languages such as the words Allah (God), Rasulullah (Messenger), Jannah (Paradise), Akhirah (The Day After), iman (belief), adl ( justice), etc. In Indonesian language for example, these basic Arabic vocabularies also used as key concepts in understanding of Islam. However, because of social dynamic and developing era of politics, economics or culture in Indonesia deIslamization of language takes place as well. In fact, changing meaning of the key concepts of Islam and shifting paradigm of thoughts cause to devastating of Muslim’s religiosity.   Keywords: deIslamization, key concepts, language, worldvie

Preparation of Chlorodeoxycellulose from Shambat Cotton Lint Using Dimethyl Acetamide / Lithium Chloride Solvent System

Cotton cellulose has interesting properties which can be controlled to a large degree by chemical modification. This study was designed to prepare cellulose derivatives with different functional groups using novel homogenous solubilisation media. Raw cotton was modified (mercerized) in (15%) NaOH solution to weaken the aggregation of the bundles of cotton cellulose fibers and; subsequently, to facilitate the dissolution in N,N-dimethylacetamide/lithium chloride (DMA/LiCl) solvent system. Chlorodeoxycellulose was synthesized by treatment of the solubilised cotton cellulose with N-chlorosuccinimide in the presence of triphenylphosphine to convert the hydroxyl groups into the chlorodeoxy derivative of cellulose. The chemical structure of this derivative was investigated using infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis and thermal analysis (TGA, DSC). Chlorordeoxycellulose  proved to be a flame retardant polymer; since  thermal analysis showed that it has less thermal stability compared to unmodified cellulose. Thermal analysis also showed different behaviour between modified and unmodified cotton cellulose. Solubility in some organic solvents was tested for the prepared derivative to explore possible new uses and applications. This research has shown the versatility of Shambat cotton cellulose as a raw material for novel and advanced cellulose-based materials; and to widen and simplify the existing synthetic methodologies for cellulose modification, to yield novel derivatives using homogenous reaction media

Large-eddy simulation of the lid-driven cubic cavity flow by the spectral element method

This paper presents the large-eddy simulation of the lid-driven cubic cavity flow by the spectral element method (SEM) using the dynamic model. Two spectral filtering techniques suitable for these simulations have been implemented. Numerical results for Reynolds number $\text{Re}=12'000$ are showing very good agreement with other experimental and DNS results found in the literature

A new understanding of the effect of filler minerals on the precipitation of synthetic C–S–H

The filler effect is the most important physical mechanism of mineral admixtures in the early hydration of cement whose chemical properties greatly affect the precipitation of C–S–H. In this study, calcite, strontianite, magnesite, dolomite, quartz, whewellite and whitlockite were selected as the fillers. The morphology and reaction kinetics of synthetic C–S–H precipitated on the surfaces of different fillers were studied via electron microscopy observations and electrical conductivity and ion concentration measurements. The precipitation rate of C–S–H has a positive correlation with the affinity of Ca2+ for adsorption on the fillers, which can be explained by the nucleation barrier of C–S–H. Extremely ordered honeycomb-like morphology of the C–S–H is found on calcite and strontianite surfaces, while less regular leaf-like or honeycomb-like C–S–H is found on whewellite and whitlockite. The ordered C–S–H pattern is related to the lattice cleavage of the ionic compound filler. In the case of quartz, C–S–H prefers growth along the tangential direction, which is quite different from the normal-direction growth on ionic compounds. The in-plane growth of C–S–H on quartz is believed to be induced by a layer of loosely physically adsorbed Ca2+

Outcomes of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest in pediatric cardiac surgery: A single center experience

AbstractBackgroundDeep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) is a technique used in the repair of complex congenital cardiac lesions that require aortic arch or pulmonary vein repair. DHCA has been linked to adverse outcomes and neurologic complications. Selective cerebral perfusion (SCP) may be added to DHCA to prevent neurological complication. Air embolism and hyperperfusion injury may be encountered. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of simple DHCA and to outline the early outcomes especially the neurological ones.MethodsTwenty nine patients underwent surgical repair of congenital cardiac lesion with DHCA at a single institution from January 2010 to November 2015. DHCA was conducted with a target esophageal temperature of 18° and placement of an ice pack on the head. No selective perfusion was done. Demographic, operative and postoperative data were reviewed. Mortality, any neurological complications including seizers, coma, and stroke were recorded.ResultsThe mean age was 20.6 ± 8.2 months (range: 9 days to 154 months). The majority were males (20, 69%). The mean weight was 5.57 ± 4.2 kg (range: 2.3–17.5 kg). DHCA time was 20.03 min (range 3–52 min). There were three (10.3%) deaths. Two deaths occurred after Norwood operation, and one after interrupted aortic arch repair. None of the deaths were related to neurological injury. None of the patients developed seizers, coma, abnormal movement or neurological deficits.ConclusionsSimple DHCA without SCP is a safe, expeditious and reliable method for brain protection during repair of complex cardiac lesions, with acceptable outcomes

Darfur: Baseline KAPB Survey

This article summarizes the first baseline Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices and Beliefs Survey conducted in Darfur since 2003. The purpose of the survey was to gain a better understanding of the knowledge, attitudes, practices and beliefs of the at-risk population in Darfur regarding explosive remnants of war, and to evaluate aspects of transfer of knowledge, use of mass media and surveillance mechanisms

Conjugate heat transfer in a closed volume with the local heat sources and non-uniform heat dissipation on the boundaries of heat conducting walls

Is solved the problem of heat transfer in the closed volume, limited by heat-conducting walls, with the local source of heat emission and the heterogeneous conditions of heat sink on the outer boundaries of solution area. The problem of convective heat transfer is solved with using a system of differential Navier-Stokes equations in the Boussinesq approximation. The simulation of turbulent flow conditions of heated air is carried out within the framework to k-ε model. On the basis the analysis of the obtained temperature field and the contour lines of stream functions is made conclusion about the essential transiency of the process in question. The obtained values of temperatures and speeds in different sections of region illustrate turbulence of the process. Are investigated laws governing the formation of temperature fields in closed areas with a local heat emission source under the conditions of intensive local heat sink into environment and accumulation of heat in the enclosing constructions

Employing interactive architecture techniques in architectural design methodologies to retrieve ancient Egyptian identity

Architectural projects often rely on modern technologies like smart architecture and environmental treatments, neglecting the principles and philosophy that reflect civilization, ideas, culture, and traditions. This leads to short-lived buildings that depend on these technologies without any purpose of preserving them. Technicians must constantly renew technology to improve production and without benefits, as threats of superior artificial intelligence have been warned, that autonomous machines may perform tasks without programmers understanding how to reach this level. Instead of relying solely on environmental or smart technology, we should make technology serve the design idea rather than relying solely on it. Considering this, ideas and principles were chosen for Christopher Alexander, where his ideas will be addressed by presenting his methodology. Hence, the strengths and shortcomings will be identified with these ideas and principles, and then a proposal to develop them will be made to get a standard design methodology. Then, an overview of interactive architecture will be presented, and its techniques will be identified for use as design tools. The ancient Egyptian civilization will be identified as Egypt\u27s original identity, with a historical study of its ideas, principles, philosophy, and influence on ancient Egyptian architecture. The Christopher Alexander design methodology and contemporary interactive architecture techniques will be applied to ancient Egyptian civilization ideas and principles in modern projects