The Existing Dynamics of Electric Grid Systems in the Province of Takhar, Afghanistan

The research paper investigates about the development of electric networks which states the amount of electricity that the people of Takhar currently use in Afghanistan, and expansion of Takhar’s electrical networks. The electric networks have become a significant importance research area to the socio-economic development of the country. It is in a state of flux and development among difficulties in Takhar province, currently. The region still has a long way to go before attaining widespread and dependable electrification, even with the notable progress made in recent years toward expanding access to power and strengthening infrastructure. Takhar's electrical grid is made up of both conventional and renewable energy sources, while it imports a significant amount of power from nearby nations. However, it has been determined that a crucial tactic for improving the province's energy security and sustainability is the incorporation of renewable energy sources, particularly hydroelectric and solar power. The research explores the present situation, difficulties, and potential futures of the province's electric networks. The main problem for using a mixed-methods methodology that combines qualitative interviews with important stakeholders including local utility providers, government officials (Ministry of Energy and Water, Da Afghanistan Brishna Shirkat (DABS)), and community members with quantitative data analysis. In order to overcome current obstacles and meet the region's electrical demands, this abstract emphasizes the dynamic character of the electric network growth in Takhar province and emphasizes the vital need for ongoing investment, innovation, and cooperation. Finally, the researcher found out the amount of renewable energy sources in Takhar, the amoun of energy that Takhar can produce, the amount of electricity that the people of Takhar currently use, and the amount of electricity that is needed by 2032 so that the people of Takhar Be self-sufficient in electricity.&nbsp

Development of Electric Network Impact on Socio-Economic of Ghazni Province, Republic of Afghanistan

The research paper investigates about the development of Elec-network which influences on socio-economic scenario of the Afghanistan particularly on Ghazni region. It is one of the southestern province of Afganistan, where the rate of energy consumption is comparatively low. Thus, 70 % urbanized people have an access of using electricity and rest of humanity does not have any kind of facility there. The main focus of electricity contains use of soler system as an energy source. The purpose of this research is electrification in other areas points to benefits for healthcare, education, and economic development as well as agriculture poverty and quality of life of the Ghazni province. In this way, using renewable energy, which has become more popular recently, is a superior choice. In this paper the researcher would discuse how the growth of electricity promote socio-economic advancement in Ghazni. Nonetheless, cost and fair distribution are important factors to take into account. Examining case studies from different countries, we examine the macro- and micro-economic benefits, emphasizing the advantages for healthcare, education, and other aspects of quality of life as well as the issues associated with costs for households. In order to wrap up, the research analyzes how electrification may affect Ghazni's socio-economic growth in a number of ways, including job creation, economic stimulation, quality of life, healthcare and education, poverty alleviation, and agriculture. The only solution to electrify the entire province and raise the economic and social status of the people is to create electrical plants using renewable energy, especially solar panels. The researcher would assess that expanding electrical networks is one of the current alternatives for the socio-economic development of Ghazni bucolic areas.&nbsp

The Rogowski Coil Technology Advancements: A Review of High Current Applications

Rogowski coil (RC) also known as air-cored was suggested in 1912 and was introduced by German physician Walter Rogowski. This coil is developed for the measurement of alternating and transient high currents, it has the capability of measurement from a few milliamperes to more than 1MA. The advancement of technology and use of microprocessor-based modern signal processing devices have coursed improvement of the Rogowski coil and extended its applications in various places. This article will provide an overview of the theory of Rogowski coils and its high current applications. initially, the article discusses the principles and basics of high current Rogowski coils, explaining their design, construction, and operation. Besides, the research study explores the various high current applications of this coil. its uses overlap from laboratory testing to industrial equipment, Rogowski coils find Usefulness in fault detection, partial discharge measurement, and lightning current detection, surpassing traditional current sensing devices in aspects of speed, accuracy, and reliability. As a result, it is a valuable resource for academics, engineers, and practitioners looking to use this adaptive technology in a wide range of commercial and scientific activities.&nbsp

Diagnostic methods to determine microbiology of postpartum endometritis in South Asia: laboratory methods protocol used in the Postpartum Sepsis Study: A prospective cohort study

Background: The South Asian region has the second highest risk of maternal death in the world. To prevent maternal deaths due to sepsis and to decrease the maternal mortality ratio as per the World Health Organization Millenium Development Goals, a better understanding of the etiology of endometritis and related sepsis is required. We describe microbiological laboratory methods used in the maternal Postpartum Sepsis Study, which was conducted in Bangladesh and Pakistan, two populous countries in South Asia.Methods/Design: Postpartum maternal fever in the community was evaluated by a physician and blood and urine were collected for routine analysis and culture. If endometritis was suspected, an endometrial brush sample was collected in the hospital for aerobic and anaerobic culture and molecular detection of bacterial etiologic agents (previously identified and/or plausible).Discussion: The results emanating from this study will provide microbiologic evidence of the etiology and susceptibility pattern of agents recovered from patients with postpartum fever in South Asia, data critical for the development of evidence-based algorithms for management of postpartum fever in the region

Phylogenomic classification and the evolution of Clonal complex 5 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the Western Hemisphere

Clonal complex 5 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CC5-MRSA) includes multiple prevalent clones that cause hospital-associated infections in the Western Hemisphere. Here, we present a phylogenomic study of these MRSA to reveal their phylogeny, spatial and temporal population structure, and the evolution of selected traits. We studied 598 genome sequences, including 409 newly generated sequences, from 11 countries in Central, North, and South America, and references from Asia and Europe. An early-branching CC5-Basal clade is well-dispersed geographically, is methicillin-susceptible and MRSA predominantly of ST5-IV such as the USA800 clone, and includes separate subclades for avian and porcine strains. In the early 1970s and early 1960s, respectively, two clades appeared that subsequently underwent major expansions in the Western Hemisphere: a CC5-I clade in South America and a CC5-II clade largely in Central and North America. The CC5-I clade includes the ST5-I Chilean/Cordobes clone, and the ST228-I South German clone as an early offshoot, but is distinct from other ST5-I clones from Europe that nest within CC5-Basal. The CC5-II clade includes divergent strains of the ST5-II USA100 clone, various other clones, and most known vancomycin-resistant strains of S. aureus, but is distinct from ST5-II strain N315 from Japan that nests within CC5-Basal. The recombination rate of CC5 was much lower than has been reported for other S. aureus genetic backgrounds, which indicates that recurrence of vancomycin resistance in CC5 is not likely due to an enhanced promiscuity. An increased number of antibiotic resistances and decreased number of toxins with distance from the CC5 tree root were observed. Of note, the expansions of the CC5-I and CC5-II clades in the Western Hemisphere were preceded by convergent gains of resistance to fluoroquinolone, macrolide, and lincosamide antibiotics, and convergent losses of the staphylococcal enterotoxin p (sep) gene from the immune evasion gene cluster of phage ΦSa3. Unique losses of surface proteins were also noted for these two clades. In summary, our study has determined the relationships of different clades and clones of CC5 and has revealed genomic changes for increased antibiotic resistance and decreased virulence associated with the expansions of these MRSA in the Western Hemisphere.Fil: Challagundla, Lavanya. University of Mississippi; Estados UnidosFil: Reyes, Jinnethe. Universidad El Bosque; ColombiaFil: Rafiqullah, Iftekhar. University of Mississippi; Estados UnidosFil: Sordelli, Daniel Oscar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica; ArgentinaFil: Echaniz-Aviles, Gabriela. Instituto Nacional de Salud Pùblica; MéxicoFil: Velazquez-Meza, Maria E.. Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública; MéxicoFil: Castillo-Ramírez, Santiago. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; MéxicoFil: Fittipaldi, Nahuel. University of Toronto; Canadá. Public Health Ontario Laboratory; CanadáFil: Feldgarden, Michael. National Institutes of Health; Estados UnidosFil: Chapman, Sinéad B.. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Estados UnidosFil: Calderwood, Michael S.. Dartmouth–Hitchcock Medical Center; Estados UnidosFil: Carvajal, Lina P.. Universidad El Bosque; ColombiaFil: Rincon, Sandra. Universidad El Bosque; ColombiaFil: Blake, Hanson. University of Texas; Estados UnidosFil: Planet, Paul J.. University of Pennsylvania; Estados UnidosFil: Arias, Cesar A.. Universidad El Bosque; Colombia. University of Texas; Estados UnidosFil: Diaz, Lorena. Universidad El Bosque; ColombiaFil: Robinson, D. Ashley. University of Mississippi; Estados Unido

Causes and incidence of community-acquired serious infections among young children in south Asia (ANISA): an observational cohort study.

BACKGROUND: More than 500 000 neonatal deaths per year result from possible serious bacterial infections (pSBIs), but the causes are largely unknown. We investigated the incidence of community-acquired infections caused by specific organisms among neonates in south Asia. METHODS: From 2011 to 2014, we identified babies through population-based pregnancy surveillance at five sites in Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan. Babies were visited at home by community health workers up to ten times from age 0 to 59 days. Illness meeting the WHO definition of pSBI and randomly selected healthy babies were referred to study physicians. The primary objective was to estimate proportions of specific infectious causes by blood culture and Custom TaqMan Array Cards molecular assay (Thermo Fisher, Bartlesville, OK, USA) of blood and respiratory samples. FINDINGS: 6022 pSBI episodes were identified among 63 114 babies (95·4 per 1000 livebirths). Causes were attributed in 28% of episodes (16% bacterial and 12% viral). Mean incidence of bacterial infections was 13·2 (95% credible interval [CrI] 11·2-15·6) per 1000 livebirths and of viral infections was 10·1 (9·4-11·6) per 1000 livebirths. The leading pathogen was respiratory syncytial virus (5·4, 95% CrI 4·8-6·3 episodes per 1000 livebirths), followed by Ureaplasma spp (2·4, 1·6-3·2 episodes per 1000 livebirths). Among babies who died, causes were attributed to 46% of pSBI episodes, among which 92% were bacterial. 85 (83%) of 102 blood culture isolates were susceptible to penicillin, ampicillin, gentamicin, or a combination of these drugs. INTERPRETATION: Non-attribution of a cause in a high proportion of patients suggests that a substantial proportion of pSBI episodes might not have been due to infection. The predominance of bacterial causes among babies who died, however, indicates that appropriate prevention measures and management could substantially affect neonatal mortality. Susceptibility of bacterial isolates to first-line antibiotics emphasises the need for prudent and limited use of newer-generation antibiotics. Furthermore, the predominance of atypical bacteria we found and high incidence of respiratory syncytial virus indicated that changes in management strategies for treatment and prevention are needed. Given the burden of disease, prevention of respiratory syncytial virus would have a notable effect on the overall health system and achievement of Sustainable Development Goal. FUNDING: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

Exact Moments of Generalized Pareto Distribution based on Generalized Order Statistics and Characterizations

In this paper, we present simple explicit expressions for single and product moments of generalized order statistics from generalized Pareto distribution. These relations are deduced for the moments of order statistics and record values and tabulated the mean and variance of this distribution. Further, conditional expectation, recurrence relations for single as well as for product moments of generalized order statistics and truncated moment are used to characterize this distribution

Moments of Generalized Upper Record Values from Weibull- Power Function Distribution and Characterization

Tahir et al. (2014) proposed a new four parameter lifetime distribution called Weibull-power function distribution. In this article, some simple recurrence relations for the single and product moments as well as for inverse and quotient moments have been derived for the generalized upper record values ( k−th upper record values). Moreover, these relations are deduced for moments of upper record values. Furthermore, conditional expectation, recurrence relations for the single and product moments and truncated moment have been used to characterize this distribution