727 research outputs found
Prevalence of asthma symptoms in Golestan schoolchildren aged 6β7 and 13β14 years in Northeast Iran
Asthma is the most common chronic disease among children, and its incidences are often imminent among elementary schoolchildren. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of asthma symptoms in Golestan schoolchildren aged 6β7 and 13β14 years in Northeast Iran. The prevalence rate was compared according to age group (aged 6β7 years vs. aged 13β14 years) and gender (male vs. female). In this cross-sectional study, 1706 Iranian schoolchildren aged 6β7 and 13β14 years in Golestan Province were enrolled. Participants completed questionnaires between February and July 2014. Asthma symptoms were assessed using the questionnaire of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood protocol in Persian. The logistic regression model was used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the asthma symptoms for each of the gender and age groups. The prevalence rates of βcurrent asthmaβ symptoms and βasthma everβ in all the children were estimated as 9.5% and 7.5%, respectively. The prevalence of asthma (βasthma everβ and βwheezing in the past 12 monthsβ) in junior high schoolchildren (aged 13β14 years) is higher than that in elementary schoolchildren (aged 6β7 years) (P < 0.05). The prevalence of the severity of wheezing in girls is lower than that in boys (OR = 1.7, 95%CI = 1.06β2.96, P = 0.02). Asthma is still a major public health problem. This study shows that the prevalence of the asthma symptoms in boys is lower than that in girls in both age groups, and the severity of asthma in girls is higher than that in boys aged 13β14 years. Β© 2016 Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelber
Epidemiology of tuberculosis in northeast of Iran: A population-based study
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is currently one of the greatest problems in public health. Mycobacterium tuberculosis infects about one third of the world's population, of whom more than 80% are living in developing countries. The incidence and prevalence of TB are very different in various parts of Iran and also throughout the world. Golestan province is one of the areas in the country where the risk of TB is the highest because of its ethnically varied population and special location. We aimed to describe the prevalence of TB and related demographic data in Golestan province (northeast of Iran). Methods: We collected all data of patients with TB who registered in 2005 and 2006 in each of the 11 districts of Golestan province. Data were entered into the computer database and age-specific incidence rates per 100 000 population were calculated. Results: There were 321 new smear-positive cases. The incidence and prevalence of TB were 20.88 and 38.15 per 100 000 population, respectively. The male to female ratio was 0.96. Relapse of TB was reported in 20 patients. We found 141 cases of extrapulmonary TB, with a significant predominance in women. The organ most frequently involved in extrapulmonary TB was the lymph nodes. Generally, smear-negative TB was more common in men and extrapulmonary TB was more common in women. Conclusion: The incidence and prevalence of TB were higher in Golestan province in comparison with other provinces in Iran. We suggest using improved screening strategies and better education about TB for high-risk groups and physicians
Stochastic model for nucleosome sliding in the presence of DNA ligands
Heat-induced mobility of nucleosomes along DNA is an experimentally
well-studied phenomenon. A recent experiment shows that the repositioning is
modified in the presence of minor-groove binding DNA ligands. We present here a
stochastic three-state model for the diffusion of a nucleosome along DNA in the
presence of such ligands. It allows us to describe the dynamics and the steady
state of such a motion analytically. The analytical results are in excellent
agreement with numerical simulations of this stochastic process.With this
model, we study the response of a nucleosome to an external force and how it is
affected by the presence of ligands.Comment: 10 pages, 8 figures, submitted to Eur. Phys. J.
Effect of Bending Anisotropy on the 3D Conformation of Short DNA Loops
The equilibrium three dimensional shape of relatively short loops of DNA is
studied using an elastic model that takes into account anisotropy in bending
rigidities. Using a reasonable estimate for the anisotropy, it is found that
cyclized DNA with lengths that are not integer multiples of the pitch take on
nontrivial shapes that involve bending out of planes and formation of kinks.
The effect of sequence inhomogeneity on the shape of DNA is addressed, and
shown to enhance the geometrical features. These findings could shed some light
on the role of DNA conformation in protein--DNA interactions
Nonlinear Mechanical Response of DNA due to Anisotropic Bending Elasticity
The response of a short DNA segment to bending is studied, taking into
account the anisotropy in the bending rigidities caused by the double-helical
structure. It is shown that the anisotropy introduces an effective nonlinear
twist-bend coupling that can lead to the formation of kinks and modulations in
the curvature and/or in the twist, depending on the values of the elastic
constants and the imposed deflection angle. The typical wavelength for the
modulations, or the distance between the neighboring kinks is found to be set
by half of the DNA pitch.Comment: 4 pages, 3 encapsulated EPS figure
Hydrogel nanoparticle encapsulated plasmid as a suitable gene delivery system
To facilitate the delivery of genetic material, the use of appropriate carriers such as polymers is necessary. Nanoparticles comprising of chitosan-alginate polymers were formed through pregel preparation method. Chi/Alg nanoparticles had a mean Z-Average diameter of 161.8 nm and mean zeta 29.3 mV, respectively. The ability of plasmid-complex in preventing DNA migration showed Chi/Alg nanoparticles have great capacity to maintain plasmid. The efficiency of nanoparticles for transfection of pEGFP-N1 plasmid in the cultured HEK 293 cells was measured by flow cytometry. Cell viability assays indicated that nanoparticles had no toxic effect on HEK 293 cells after 4 or 24 h. Our suitable candidate for gene delivery would be alg/chi nanoparticles.ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅Π³ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠΈ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ. ΠΠ°Π½ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΡ, ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ· Ρ
ΠΈΡΠΎΠ·Π°Π½-Π°Π»ΡΠ³ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ², Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π³Π΅Π»Ρ. Chi/Alg Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ 161.8 Π½ΠΌ (Z-Average) ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΉ zeta-ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π» 29.3 mV. ΠΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΠΠ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π·Π° ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠΈΠ΄Ρ Ρ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Chi/Alg Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΡ ΠΠΠ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°. ΠΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠΈΠ΄Ρ pEGFP-N1 Π² ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ HEK 293 Π±ΡΠ»Π° ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π° Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ. Π’Π΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±-Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π½Π΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ HEK 293 ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· 4 Ρ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ 24 Ρ. ΠΠ°Π½ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΡ Alg/Chi ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΠ°Π½Π΄ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΡΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠΈ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²
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