206 research outputs found

    Frutos secos: almendro y pistachero

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    Navegar seguro por Internet

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    Communication tree problems

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    In this paper, we consider random communication requirements and several cost measures for a particular model of tree routing on a complete network. First we show that a random tree does not give any approximation. Then give approximation algorithms for the case for two random models of requirements.Postprint (published version

    ReproducciĂł accidental de ropit Erithacus rubecula a l'illa de Mallorca

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    Incidental breeding of Robin Erithacus rubecula in Mallorca. First breeding report of the Robin, Erithacus rubecula, in the Balearic Islands. This species is considered a migrant and an abundant winter visitor to these islands. Since 2002 it has been observed during the breeding season at an area known as Son Pax in Palma. In 2004 a maximum of two birds was observed between 30th April and 14th September. On 3rd April 2005 two birds hatched the previous year (EURING code 5) were trapped using mist-nets, one of which was developing an incubation patch (Patch code 1)(PINILLA, 2000). On 16th July a juvenile (EURING code 3) with a brownish head and back, brownish-yellow spots and a red breast was observed at the same place. This confirmed successful breeding of this species in Mallorca and probably for the region

    Augmentation des besoins en froid et en chaleur pour la floraison des nouveaux cultivars d’amandier

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    Almond (Prunus amygdalus (L.) Batsch) has been considered the earliest blooming fruit species, although it has become the species with the widest blooming range of all deciduous fruits after the release of the newly bred cultivars. Blooming of any cultivar takes place once its chill and heat requirements have been satisfied. Estimation of chill and heat requirements for blooming is very complex, due to the difficulty of assessing the theoretical date of transition from endodormancy to ecodormancy, when quantification of chill requirements ends and quantification of heat requirements starts. This date may be assessed by a statistical method based on the different effect of temperatures on blooming date depending on their incidence during endodormancy or ecodormancy. This method has been applied to obtain the chill and heat requirement of the almond cultivars released by the Centro de InvestigaciĂłn y TecnologĂ­a Agroalimentaria de AragĂłn (CITA). G-2-25 is an elite selection from the Zaragoza breeding programme, characterized by a very late blooming time. It shows 503 Utah CU, much higher than the other almond cultivars released by the CITA, such as 329 CU in 'Felisia' or 353 CU in 'AylĂ©s' and 'Belona'. It also shows a very high heat requirement, with 10233 Utah GDHÂșC, higher than 7221 GDHÂșC in 'Blanquerna' or 9465 GDHÂșC in 'Felisia'. These results show that the combined increase in chill and heat requirements in a genotype may ensure a late blooming season in all climatic conditionsL'amandier (Prunus amygdalus (L.) Batsch) a Ă©tĂ© considĂ©rĂ© l'espĂšce fruitiĂšre Ă  floraison la plus prĂ©coce, bien qu’elle soit devenue l'espĂšce avec l’intervalle de floraison le plus Ă©tendu de toutes les espĂšces fruitiĂšres aprĂšs l'introduction des nouveaux cultivars amĂ©liorĂ©s. La floraison de tout cultivar vient quand les besoins en froid et en chaleur ont Ă©tĂ© satisfaits. L'estimation des besoins en froid et en chaleur pour la floraison est trĂšs complexe, Ă©tant donnĂ© la difficultĂ© d'Ă©tablir la date thĂ©orique de transition entre l'endo-dormance et l'Ă©co-dormance, quand la quantification des besoins en froid finit et que commence la quantification des besoins en chaleur. Cette date peut ĂȘtre dĂ©terminĂ©e par une mĂ©thode statistique basĂ©e sur l’effet diffĂ©rent des tempĂ©ratures sur la date de floraison en fonction de leur incidence pendant l'endo-dormance ou l'Ă©co-dormance. On a appliquĂ© cette mĂ©thode pour obtenir les besoins en froid et en chaleur pour les cultivars introduits par le Centro de InvestigaciĂłn y TecnologĂ­a Agroalimentaria de AragĂłn (CITA). G-2-25 est une sĂ©lection Ă©lite du programme d'amĂ©lioration gĂ©nĂ©tique de Zaragoza, caractĂ©risĂ©e par une date de floraison trĂšs tardive. Elle a montrĂ© 503 Utah CU, beaucoup plus que les autres cultivars d'amandier obtenus par le CITA, comme 329 CU pour 'Felisia' ou 353 CU pour 'AylĂ©s' et 'Belona'. Elle a aussi montrĂ© de grands besoins en chaleur, avec 10233 Utah GDHÂșC, une valeur beaucoup plus Ă©levĂ©e que 7221 GDHÂșC pour 'Blanquerna' ou 9465 GDHÂșC pour 'Felisia'. Ces rĂ©sultats montrent qu’une augmentation combinĂ©e de besoins Ă©levĂ©s en froid et en chaleur peut assurer, pour un gĂ©notype, une Ă©poque de floraison tardive dans toutes les conditions climatique

    Passage en revue de cultivars et de porte-greffes d'amandier : DĂ©fis et perspectives

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    Almond growing in the Mediterranean area has been enduring sharp changes in the last decades. Whereas in some countries production has substantially decreased, in others a renewal of the concept of almond growing is taking place. In such a situation, new cultivars and rootstock are essential tools to achieve a success. Whereas in California 'Nonpareil' has been, and continues to be, the essential cultivar, and the new releases only represent a small percentage of the new plantings, the Mediterranean area showed an impressive change with the introduction of 'FerragnĂšs' by Charles Grasselly. An even more important change took place in Spain by the introduction of 'Guara' by Antonio J. Felipe. Now, the different breeding programmes aim at the release of late-blooming and self-compatible cultivars, two traits duly accompanied by autogamy and frost resistance, although not always these objectives are completely fulfilled. Most of the lately released cultivars are from Spanish breeding programmes, including those from IRTA, CEBAS, and CITA. In addition, only Israel has registered a new cultivar due to its large-sized kernel. For rootstocks, the changes have been in the same frame: small in California and sharp in the Mediterranean, where peach × almond hybrids have become the dominant rootstock, both in irrigated and non-irrigated conditions. 'GF-677' has been the most utilized rootstock in the past years, with an increasing utilization of new releases, more for the Spanish rootstocks from Aula Dei and CITA than for the Italian ones from the University of Pisa, looking for better management, adaptability and resistance to nematodes. New cultivars and rootstocks may improve almond production if they fulfil the requirements of modern fruit growing, as discussed in the presentationLa culture de l'amandier dans la rĂ©gion mĂ©diterranĂ©enne a subi dans les derniĂšres dĂ©cennies des changements apprĂ©ciables. Si dans quelques pays la production a diminuĂ© considĂ©rablement, dans d'autres pays il y a eu un renouvellement du concept de la culture de l'amandier. Dans cette nouvelle situation, de nouveaux cultivars et porte-greffes sont essentiels pour aboutir Ă  un succĂšs. En Californie 'Nonpareil' a Ă©tĂ©, et continue Ă  ĂȘtre, le cultivar principal et les nouvelles obtentions reprĂ©sentent seulement un pourcentage rĂ©duit des nouvelles plantations. Dans la rĂ©gion mĂ©diterranĂ©enne, un changement considĂ©rable a eu lieu avec l'introduction de 'FerragnĂšs' par Charles Grasselly. Un changement encore plus important a eu lieu en Espagne avec l'introduction de 'Guara' par Antonio J. Felipe. Maintenant les diffĂ©rents programmes d'amĂ©lioration gĂ©nĂ©tique ont comme but l'obtention de cultivars Ă  floraison tardive et auto-compatibles, deux caractĂšres dĂ»ment accompagnĂ©s par l'autogamie et la rĂ©sistance aux gelĂ©es tardives, malgrĂ© que ces objectifs ne soient pas toujours accomplis totalement. La plupart des nouveaux cultivars proviennent des programmes d'amĂ©lioration espagnols, y compris ceux de l'IRTA, du CEBAS et du CITA. Par ailleurs, seulement IsraĂ«l a enregistrĂ© un nouveau reprĂ©sentant des amandons de grand calibre. Pour les porte-greffe les changements ont Ă©tĂ© dans le mĂȘme sens : rĂ©duits en Californie et profonds dans la MĂ©diterranĂ©e, oĂč les hybrides pĂȘcher × amandier sont devenus le porte-greffe prĂ©dominant, tant dans des conditions d'irrigation comme en non irriguĂ©. 'GF-677' a Ă©tĂ© le porte-greffe le plus utilisĂ© dans les annĂ©es prĂ©cĂ©dentes, avec maintenant une utilisation majeure des nouvelles obtentions, plus pour les obtentions espagnoles d'Aula Dei et du CITA que pour les italiennes de l'UniversitĂ© de Pisa, en cherchant une culture plus efficace, une adaptabilitĂ© et rĂ©sistance plus fortes aux nĂ©matodes. De nouveaux cultivars et porte-greffe peuvent amĂ©liorer la production de l'amandier s'ils parviennent Ă  accomplir les besoins d'une culture moderne, comme discutĂ© dans la prĂ©sentatio
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