Validation of a UV-spectrophotometric analytical method for determination of LPSF/AC04 from inclusion complex and liposomes

The aim of this study was to develop and validate a UV spectrophotometric method for determination of LPSF/AC04 from inclusion complex and encapsulated into liposomes. The validation parameters were determined according to the International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) and National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) guidelines. LPSF/AC04 was determined at 250 nm in methanol by a UV spectrophotometric method, exhibiting linearity in the range from 0.3 to 2 µg.mL−1 (Absorbance=0.18068 x [LPSF/AC04 µg.mL-1] + 0.00348), (r2=0.9995). The limits of detection and quantification were 0.047µg.mL−1 and 0.143µg.mL−1, respectively. The method was accurate, precise, reproducible and robust since all the samples analyzed had coefficient of variation of less than 5% and no statistically significant difference between theoretical and practical concentrations was detected. Thus, a rapid, simple, low cost and sensitive spectrophotometric method was developed and validated for determining the content of inclusion complex and liposomes containing LPSF/AC04.O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver e validar um método espectrofotométrico para determinação do LPSF/AC04 em complexo de inclusão e encapsulado em lipossomas. Os parâmetros de validação foram determinados de acordo com o International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) e Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA). OLPSF/AC04 foi determinado a 250 nm em metanol pelo método espectrofotométrico UV, que apresenta linearidade na faixa de 0,3 a 2 µg/mL (Absorbância = 0,18068 x [LPSF/AC04 µg/mL] + 0,00348), (r2 = 0,9995). Os limites de detecção e quantificação foi 0,047 µg/mL e 0,143 µg/mL, respectivamente. O método foi exato, preciso, reprodutível e robusto e todas as amostras analisadas apresentaram coeficiente de variação menor que 5% e não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre a concentração teórica e a prática. Assim, um método espectrofotométrico rápido, simples, sensível e de baixo custo foi desenvolvido e validado para determinar o conteúdo do LPSF/AC04 em complexos de inclusão e encapsulados em lipossomas

Validação de método espectrofotométrico UV para determinação do derivado acridínico LPSF/AC-04 em lipossomas

Os derivados acridínicos têm despertado a atenção de vários pesquisadores por apresentarem um amplo espectro de atividades biológicas, como atividade antibacteriana, antimalárica, antitripanossômica, leishmanicida, antiviral e mais recentemente por sua atividade antitumoral. O LPSF/AC-04 é um derivado tiazacridínico e caracteriza-se por ser um pó amorfo, amarelo-esverdeado, de peso molecular 410 g/mol, com ponto de fusão igual a 199°C e uma baixa solubilidade em água, característica essa que dificulta sua utilização terapêutica. Sendo assim, a incorporação deste fármaco em sistemas de liberação controlada, tais como, os lipossomas, torna-se uma alternativa viável para sua utilização. O controle de qualidade de fármacos puros e em formas farmacêuticas é realizado por métodos oficiais ou validado. A espectrofotometria é uma técnica analítica bastante conveniente, muito utilizada em laboratórios de controle de qualidade, devido à sua simplicidade, baixo custo e larga disponibilidade. Assim, o presente estudo visou o desenvolvimento de um método analítico, para a quantificação do LPSF/AC-04 por espectrofotometria-UV, aplicado ao fármaco e dele nanoencapsulado em lipossomas. Inicialmente, um método espectrofotométrico UV para o doseamento do LPSF/AC-04 em lipossomas foi desenvolvido avaliando os seguintes parâmetros preconizados pelo ICH: linearidade, precisão, exatidão, robustez e limites de detecção e quantificação. O LPSF/AC-04 foi determinado em metanol a 250 nm, onde o coeficiente de absortividade (ε) encontrado foi 7,60 × 104 L.mol−1.cm−1. O método espectrofotométrico para determinação do LPSF/AC-04 em lipossomas foi linear na faixa de concentração de 0,3 a 2 μg/mL Absorbância = 0,18068 x [LPSF/AC-04] (μg/mL) + 0,00348 e o coeficiente de regressão encontrado foi (r2 = 0,9995). O método proposto foi sensível para os limites de detecção e quantificação foram de 0,047 e 0,143 μg/mL, respectivamente. O método se mostrou preciso, já que todas as amostras analisadas apresentaram coeficiente de variação menor que 5 % e estatisticamente não houve diferença entre as concentrações teóricas e práticas. O método se apresentou robusto, sem diferenças estatisticamente significativas frente à variação do fabricante do solvente e da temperatura. Na exatidão foi possível observar a recuperação do fármaco que variou entre 99,4 ± 0,67 % a 100,5 ± 1,91% estando dentro dos limites recomendados. O teor e a eficiência de encapsulação do LPSF/AC-04 em lipossomas foi de 104,44 ± 1,56% e de 99,68 ± 0,24%, respectivamente. O método analítico proposto mostrou-se, portanto, simples, rápido, exato, preciso e de baixo custo podendo ser utilizado para análises de rotina do LPSF/AC-04 matéria prima e em formulações farmacêuticas, como por exemplo, os lipossoma

Ocular delivery of moxifloxacin-loaded liposomes

ABSTRACT Purpose: To determine the release profile of moxifloxacin encapsulated in liposomes in the aqueous humor as a controlled release system for intracameral application. Methods: Liposomes containing moxifloxacin were obtained using the lipid film hydration method and were characterized by particle size and encapsulation efficiency. Female rabbits were used for the in vivo profile release study. Liposomes containing moxifloxacin was injected into the anterior chamber of the right eye of each animal. The rabbits were divided into five groups, and a sample of aqueous humor was collected 2, 4, 8, 24, and 48 h after administration of liposomes containing moxifloxacin administration. Moxifloxacin concentrations in the aqueous humor were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography. Results: The average size of the liposomes containing moxifloxacin was 60.5 ± 0.72 nm with a particle size distribution of 0.307. The encapsulation efficiency of moxifloxacin in liposomes was 92.24 ± 0.24%. The results of an in vivo release study of liposomes containing moxifloxacin, showed that the maximum moxifloxacin concentration was achieved within the first 2 h after administration (5.27 ± 1.09 mg/mL) and was followed by a decrease in intracameral concentration (0.35 ± 0.05 mg/mL) until the 24 h mark. Conclusions: The in vivo experiments resulted in liposomes containing moxifloxacin that were homogenous in size and exhibited high drug encapsulation efficiency. The results indicate that liposomes containing moxifloxacin offers a satisfactory aqueous humor release profile after intracameral application

Poly(anhydride) nanoparticles containing cashew nut proteins can induce a strong Th1 and Treg immune response after oral administration

Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2018-05-10T17:17:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Pereira M Poly(anhydride) nanoparticles containing....pdf: 1447772 bytes, checksum: 33e8c1ff21e8bdc1a7a57d3ad03ece44 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2018-05-10T17:27:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Pereira M Poly(anhydride) nanoparticles containing....pdf: 1447772 bytes, checksum: 33e8c1ff21e8bdc1a7a57d3ad03ece44 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-10T17:27:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pereira M Poly(anhydride) nanoparticles containing....pdf: 1447772 bytes, checksum: 33e8c1ff21e8bdc1a7a57d3ad03ece44 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018Brazilian Ministry of Science and Technology – MCTI (SisNANO/LARNano-UFPE, CNPq # 402282/2013-2) and FACEPE (APQ #0361-4.03/14).Federal University of Pernambuco. Immunopathology Keizo-Asami Laboratory. Recife, PE, BrazilUniversity of Pernambuco. Institute of Biological Sciences. Recife, PE, BrazilFederal University of Pernambuco. Immunopathology Keizo-Asami Laboratory. Recife, PE, BrazilUniversity of Navarra. Nanomedicines and Vaccines. Research Group. Pamplona, SpainFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Laboratório de Parasita-Hospedeiro Interação e Epidemiologia. Salvador, BA, BrasilUniversity of Navarra. Nanomedicines and Vaccines. Research Group. Pamplona, SpainFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Laboratório de Parasita-Hospedeiro Interação e Epidemiologia. Salvador, BA, BrasilUniversity of Navarra. Nanomedicines and Vaccines. Research Group. Pamplona, SpainFederal University of Pernambuco. Immunopathology Keizo-Asami Laboratory. Recife, PE, BrazilCashew nut allergy is the second most commonly reported tree nut allergy. Traditional allergen immunotherapy presents several clinical drawbacks that can be reduced by using nanoparticles-basedallergen-delivery systems, modulating the immune response towards a protective one. In this context, the goal of this work was to assess the potential of poly(anhydride) nanoparticles (NP) for cashew nut oral immunization. Cashew nut allergens-loaded nanoparticles (CNE-NP) were prepared by solvent displacement method. After nanoparticles characterization, oral immunomodulation ability was evaluated in BALB/c mice. Our results demonstrated that CNE-NP induced a higher Th1/Th2 ratio in comparison with animals immunized with free cashew nut proteins. Indeed, a decrease in splenic Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13), and an enhancement of pro-Th1 (IL-12 and IFN-γ) and regulatory (IL-10) cytokines was observed. Furthermore, mice orally immunized with CNE-NP presented an increased expansion of CD4+ T regulatory cells, such as CD4+Foxp3+ and CD4+LAP+, in the mesenteric lymph nodes. In conclusion, oral immunization with a single dose of poly(anhydride) nanoparticles loaded with cashew nut proteins leaded to a pro-Th1 and Treg immune response. Furthermore, their immunomodulatory properties could be introduced as a new approach for management of cashew nut allergy

Desenvolvimento e validação de método analítico em CLAE-UV para a quantificação de ácido retinóico em microcápsulas de alginato e quitosana

O ácido retinóico (AR) tem sido utilizado para o tratamento de acne severa, rugas, estrias e celulite, no entanto, provoca irritação na pele e sofre rápida degradação quando exposto à luz e ao calor. Métodos analíticos rápidos para quantificação do AR são, portanto, necessários para ensaios de cinética de liberação in vitro. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver e validar um método rápido e sensível para o doseamento do AR em microcápsulas de alginato/quitosana contendo óleo de babaçu dispersas em gel natrosol® por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência associada à espectroscopia UV e aplicá-lo na avaliação do perfil de liberação in vitro dessas formulações. As análises foram realizadas em modo isocrático utilizando coluna C18 de fase reversa 150 x 4,6 mm (5 &#956;m) com detecção a 350 nm. A fase móvel foi constituída de metanol e ácido acético 1% (85:15 v/v) com vazão de 1,8 mL/minuto. A faixa de linearidade do método foi de 0,5 a 60 &#956;g/mL (r² = 0,999). O método validado mostrou-se sensível, específico, exato, preciso, de baixo custo e o tempo de retenção do AR foi de 5,8 ± 0,4 minutos sendo, desta forma, mais rápido do que os relatados na literatura.<br>Retinoic acid (RA) has been used in the treatment of severe acne, wrinkles and cellulite. However, it induces skin irritation and rapidly suffers degradation under light and high temperate exposure. Rapid analytical methods to quantify retinoic acid are therefore mandatory for in vitro drug release studies. In this framework, the aim of this study was to develop and validate a rapid and responsive method to quantify the RA in microcapsules of chitosan and alginate containing babassu oil dispersed in natrosol® hydrogel using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Furthermore this method was used to quantify in vitro release kinetics of RA from microcapsules. The analyses have been carried through an isocratic HPLC-UV method using a reversed phase 150 x 4.6 mm C18 (5&#956;m) column, a mobile phase constituted of methanol and 1% acetic acid (85:15) at a flow rate of 1.8 mL/min and detection at 350 nm. The linearity range was 0.5-60 &#956;g/mL (r² = 0.999). The validated HPLC-UV method was responsive, specific, accurate, precise, and economic and the RA retention time was 5.8 ± 0.4 minutes, being therefore, faster than that previously reported

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data