Os desafios ao professor de estágio supervisionado em tempos de pandemia/ The challenges to the supervised internship teacher in times of pandemic

 Nesse artigo destacamos as contribuições do governo federal e das parcerias com instituições privadas para disseminação das tecnologias da informação e comunicação feitas no Brasil há mais de uma década e de como a sociedade civil escolarizada se comportou mediante aqueles investimentos registrados em documentos oficiais e publicações como o Livro Verde. Analisamos a importância das tecnologias no contexto atual e a falta que estas nos fazem notadamente na formação de professores e nos estágios supervisionados para enfrentarmos aos desafios postos pela pandemia do Covid 19. Caracterizamos a atividade estágio supervisionado no curso de História - licenciatura da Universidade Federal do Maranhão no contexto da pandemia do Covid 19 e de como os professores supervisores de estágio utilizaram as tecnologias da informação e comunicação no contexto da pandemia para amenizar o impacto dessa realidade na vida dos alunos concludentes do curso de História. Concluímos que o estágio supervisionado oferecido de forma remota foi visto como um momento de superação destes desafios mediante ao atendimento da legislação vigente com a utilização das ferramentas que as tecnologias nos oferecem, podemos chegar a situações inovadoras e exitosas no contexto acadêmico

A BALAIADA NO MARANHÃO: uma revisão historiográfica

O esforço deste artigo é o de capturar alguns dos fatores que demarcam um período de lutas no Maranhão que se estenderam até o início do SegundoReinado. Um período marcado por existência de conflitos sangrentos nas províncias do Maranhão e do Piauí, em consequência das lutas entre brasileiros e lusitanos, com desejo de liberdade e, em choque com a convergência política e as deficientes conjunturas socioeconômicas em que viviam as esferas subalternas. Um encadeamento de lutas que se agravou, instabilizando a “lei” e intensificando o grave cenário social e econômico. Além do mais, o Período Regencial jamais pode ser definido unicamente como uma etapa da História em que se sobressairam a crueldade e a incerteza, porém se configurou com clamores de liberdade, que se evidenciaram nas lutas que despontaram em grande parcela das províncias.Palavras-chave: Lutas. Província do Maranhão. Classes subalternas. Balaiada. Piauí.BALAIADA IN MARANHÃO: a historiographical reviewAbstractThe effort of this article is to capture some of the factors that mark a period of struggles in Maranhão that will extend to the beginning of the Second Reign. A period marked by the existence of bloody conflicts in the province of Maranhão and Piauí, as a result of the struggles between Brazilians and Portuguese, with a desire for freedom, in shock with the political convergence, and deficient socioeconomic conjunctures in which the subordinate spheres coexisted. A chain of struggles that got worse, making the “law” unstable, intensifying the serious social and economic scenario. Furthermore, the Regency Period can never be defined solely as a stage in history, in which cruelty and uncertainty stood out, but it was configured, as claims for freedom, evident in the struggles that emerged in a large part of the provinces.Keywords: Fights. Maranhão Province. Subaltern classes. Balaiada. Piaui

Root ZX Electronic Foramen Locator: An Ex Vivo Study of Its Three Models’ Precision and Reproducibility

Although Root ZX is considered the gold standard electronic foramen locator (EFL), two variations of this device were launched, however without different operating mechanisms. This investigation aims to evaluate the precision of Root ZX (RZX), Root ZX II (RII), and Root ZX Mini (RM) EFLs. After access cavity preparation, 32 mandibular single rooted human premolars had their real length measured with the aid of a #15 K-type manual file under magnification (25x). Electronic measurements were performed by the devices in an alternate order until the apical foramen was reached (0.0). Each measurement was performed with adjusted file to the real length of the teeth and verified with a digital caliper. The accuracy of the EFLs was 68.8% (RZX), 65.8% (RII), and 68.8% (RM), considering ±0.5 mm as a margin of tolerance. The mean errors of the devices were 0.37±0.25 mm (RZX), 0.41±0.34 mm (RII), and 0.32±0.28 mm (RM). ANOVA and Tukey test were applied to analyze the obtained data, which showed that there were no statistically significant differences among the locators (P>.05). It can be concluded that the three tested devices demonstrated precise measurements of the real length of the canal without performance differences among them

Prevalence and Progression of Ametropias in Medical Students

Background: Uncorrected refractive errors (Myopia, Hyperopia and Astigmatism) are one of the main causes of poor vision, attributing to 43% of vision deficiencies. Myopia is the most common visual disorder in the world and can progress up until the age of 20-25, when many people are in university. The etiological factors that cause myopia are still unclear and deserve to be studied. Our aim was to identify the prevalence of ametropias and self-perception of ophthalmic health in medical students at the Centro Universitário Saúde ABC/FMABC. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with data collected at Centro Universitário Saúde ABC/FMABC from medical students. A total of 232 students participated in the survey, from the 1st to the 4th year of study. Data was obtained through a questionnaire, which evaluates ophthalmologic health, ametropia, and self-perception. Results: It was observed that 74.57% of the students had some type of ametropia, myopia being the most recurrent (59.05%). The study shows significant data of an increase in the grade of students from 1st to 4th grade throughout college. It was observed that the average daily study time of the students was 9.68 hours and abuse in the use of electronic devices. Conclusion: This study presented a high prevalence of ametropias among medical students at the Centro Universitário ABC/FMABC, in addition to a high prevalence of multifactorial myopia and an increased need to update their diopters (degrees) during the course of university

Regional and Global Collaborations in Astronomy

Policy Brief on "Regional and Global Collaborations in Astronomy", distilled from the corresponding panel that was part of the discussions during S20 Policy Webinar on Astroinformatics for Sustainable Development held on 6-7 July 2023. Astronomy brings together advanced scientific research, state-of-the-art technology, and educational initiatives, all while captivating and stimulating people of all ages. By doing so, it possesses the potential to serve as a powerful catalyst for sustainable global development and the resolution of global societal issues. It attracts a diverse range of scientists and experts from various fields, fostering collaboration and innovation. By leveraging their resources, influence, and diplomatic initiatives, S20 academies can foster an enabling environment for international collaborations in astronomy, facilitate knowledge exchange, and drive scientific advancements that benefit humanity. This policy brief explores the opportunities and challenges presented by regional and global collaborations in astronomy. The policy webinar took place during the G20 presidency in India (2023). A summary based on the seven panels can be found here: arxiv:2401.04623.Comment: 6 pages. The panel videos including keynotes and the white papers are available on the S20 site at: https://s20india.org/science-policy-webinar-astroinformatics-for-sustainable-development

Efecto de la renta sobre la incidencia acumulada de COVID-19: un estudio ecológico

Objetivo analisar a relação entre renda per capita e incidência acumulada de COVID-19 nos bairros do município do Rio de Janeiro. Método estudo ecológico utilizando os bairros como unidades de análise. Foram calculadas as taxas de incidência acumulada por 100 mil habitantes e a mediana de possíveis variáveis confundidoras (sexo, raça/cor e idade). A análise múltipla contou com técnica de regressão quantílica, estimando-se os coeficientes de regressão da variável renda a cada cinco percentis no intervalo entre os percentis dez e 90, a fim de verificar a relação entre renda e incidência. Resultados a taxa municipal foi de 36,58 casos novos por 100 mil habitantes. Em geral, as maiores taxas da doença foram observadas nas regiões de elevada renda. A análise múltipla coadunou com esta observação, já que a renda per capita apresentou efeito em todos os percentis analisados, tendo coeficiente de regressão mediano de 0,02 (p-valor &lt;0,001; R2 32,93), ou seja, que a cada unidade de incidência elevam-se R0,02 na renda per capita do bairro. Conclusão as taxas de incidência acumulada de COVID-19 são influenciadas pela renda do bairro de residência dos casos, sugerindo que o acesso aos exames esteja ocorrendo de modo desigual.Objetivo analizar la relación entre la renta per cápita y la incidencia acumulada de COVID-19 en los barrios del municipio de Rio de Janeiro. Método estudio ecológico utilizando los barrios como unidades de análisis. Fueron calculadas las tasas de incidencia acumuladas por cada 100 000 habitantes y la mediana de las posibles variables mezcladas (sexo, raza/color y edad). El análisis múltiple contó con la técnica de regresión cuantílica, estimándose los coeficientes de regresión de la variable renta por cada cinco percentiles en el intervalo entre los percentiles 10 y 90, con el fin de verificar la relación entre la renta alquiler y la incidencia. Resultados la tasa municipal fue de 36,58 casos nuevos por 100 000 habitantes. En general, se observaron las mayores tasas de la enfermedad en las regiones de renta alta. El análisis múltiple coincidió con esta observación, ya que la renta per cápita tuvo efecto en todos los percentiles analizados, con un coeficiente de regresión medio de 0,02 (valor de p <0,001; R2 32,93). Es decir, para cada unidad de incidencia aumenta R0,02 la renta per cápita del barrio. Conclusión las tasas de incidencia acumuladas de COVID-19 se ven influidas por la renta del barrio de residencia de los casos, lo que sugiere que el acceso a los exámenes se produce de forma desigual.Objective to analyze the relationship between per capita income and the cumulative incidence of COVID-19 in the neighborhoods of the city of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Method an ecological study using neighborhoods as units of analysis. The cumulative incidence rate per 100,000 inhabitants and the median of potential confounding variables (sex, race, and age) were calculated. Multiple analysis included quantile regression, estimating the regression coefficients of the variable income for every five percentiles from the 10th to 90th percentiles to verify the relationship between income and incidence. Results the city’s rate was 36.58 new cases per 100,000 inhabitants. In general, the highest rates were observed in the wealthiest regions. Multiple analysis was consistent with this observation since the per capita income affected all percentiles analyzed, with a median regression coefficient of 0.02 (p-value &lt;0.001; R2 32.93). That is, there is an increase of R$ 0.02 in the neighborhood’s per capita income for every unit of incidence. Conclusion cumulative incident rates of COVID-19 are influenced by one’s neighborhood of residency, suggesting that access to testing is uneven

Multiplicación, histodiferenciación y regeneración de suspensiones celulares embriogénicas en plátanos vianda “Navolean” (AAB)

The results obtained show that the best cell density for the multiplication of the cell suspensions in the cultivar ‘Navolean’ is 3.0% settled cell volume. In the histo-differentiation phase the greatest formation of somatic embryos in the globular stage was obtained using a density of 12.0% final cell volume in liquid culture medium. The maturation of the embryos and an increase in germination was possible on using 0.5 gFW of somatic embryos during 30 days in the maturation culture medium. Using temporary immersion systems with 0.5 gFW of mature somatic embryos, the germination value was increased to 77.40%Key words: Musa, settled cell volume (SCV), somatic embryogenesis, temporary immersionEl mejor resultado para la multiplicación de las suspensiones celulares embriogénicas en el cv. ‘Navolean’ se obtuvo al utilizar una densidad celular del 3.0% del Volumen de Células Sedimentadas. En la etapa de histodiferenciación se logró la mayor formación de embriones somáticos en etapa globular utilizando como densidad 12.0% de volumen final de células en medio de cultivo líquido. Al emplear 0.5 gMF de embriones somáticos durante 30 días de cultivo en el medio de cultivo de maduración, fue posible lograr la maduración de los embriones e incrementar la germinación. Empleando sistemas de inmersión temporal con 0.5 gMF de embriones somáticos maduros se incrementó el valor de germinación a 77.40%.Palabras clave: embriogénesis somática, inmersión temporal, Musa, volumen de células sedimentadas (VCS

Total replacement of soybean meal by urea or starea in high grain diets for beef cattle

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a substituição do farelo de soja por uréia ou amiréia no desempenho de bovinos de corte em crescimento. Foram utilizados oitenta e um machos não castrados das raças Nelore (27), Canchim (27) e Holandesa (27), com peso médio inicial de 250 kg e idade média de 15 meses. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso com três tratamentos, constituídos de três animais por baia e nove baias por tratamento. Os blocos foram arranjados segundo o peso inicial e raça. Os tratamentos foram: 1) farelo de soja (FS); 2) uréia e 3) amiréia (A-150S) em dietas isoprotéicas (13,0%) utilizando o bagaço de cana in natura (BIN) como única fonte de volumoso (20% da MS). O consumo de matéria seca (MS) foi 6,56, 7,18 e 6,97 kg/dia; o ganho de peso vivo foi 0,889, 1,114 e 1,088 kg/dia e a conversão alimentar de 7,3, 6,5 e 6,7 kg MS/kg de ganho nos tratamentos farelo de soja, uréia e amiréia, respectivamente. O tratamento FS apresentou menor consumo e ganho de peso e também pior conversão alimentar (P 0,05) entre si.The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of replacing soybean meal by urea or starea on feedlot cattle performance. Eighty-one yearling intact males (27 Nellore, 27 Canchim and 27 Holstein) were used, with initial body weight of 250 kg. Animals were assigned to a completely random block design according to initial weight and breed. There were nine pen/treatment with three animals/pen. Experimental treatments were: 1) soybean meal, 2) urea and 3) starea. Diets contained 13% CP and were composed of 80% concentrate and 20% raw sugarcane bagasse. DMI was 6.56, 7.18 and 6.97 kg/day, average daily gain was 0.889, 1.114 and 1.088 kg/day and feed conversion was 7.3, 6.5 and 6.7 kg DM/kg gain for soybean meal, urea and starea, respectively. Soybean meal reduced (P 0.05) between urea and starea treatments

Embriogénesis somática en el cv. Navolean a partir de ápices de brotes de yemas axilares

In order to develop embryogenic cultures in AAB Musa genotypes without persistent male inflorescence, the process has had greater success from proliferating meristems for callus formation with embryogenic structures. Based on the previous information, other alternative explant sources for somatic embryogenesis development in cv. Navolean. Meristematic apexes were cultured in p5 culture medium supplemented with thidiazuron and ancymidol (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, mg.l-1) to obtain axillary buds. Later, axillary buds and proliferated meristems were tested for callus induction with embryogenic structures combinations with different 2,4-D concentrations. The best growth regulator for obtaining axillary buds was ancymidol (0.2 mg.l-1). For callus formation with embryogenic structures, axillary buds at 1.0 mg.l-1 2,4-D provided a higher percentage (13.6%). These results permitted the development of embryogenic cell suspensions from somatic embryos.Key words: Ancymidol, embryogenic cell suspension, plantainEl desarrollo de cultivos embriogénicos en los genotipos AAB de Musa, que no poseen inflorescencia masculina persistente, ha tenido mayor éxito a partir de multiyemas para la formación de los callos con estructuras embriogénicas pero esto pudiera incrementar la variación somaclonal. Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior se trabajó en la determinación de otra fuente de explante inicial alternativa para el desarrollo de la embriogénesis somática en el cultivar objeto de estudio. Se cultivaron brotes axilares en el medio de cultivo P5 suplementado con tidiazuron y ancimidol (0.2; 0.4; 0.6 mg.l-1 cada uno por separado) para lograr la brotación de yemas axilares. Posteriormente para formar los callos con estructuras embriogénicas se colocaron los ápices de brotes obtenidos de yemas axilares en un medio de cultivo ZZ con diferentes concentraciones de 2,4-D. El mejor regulador del crecimiento para la brotación de yemas axilares fue el ancimidol (0.2 mg.l-1). Para la formación de callos con estructuras embriogénicas, la concentración de 1.0 mg.l-1 de 2,4-D propiciaron el mayor porcentaje (13.6%). A partir de los embriones somáticos producidos se logró el establecimiento de suspensiones celulares embriogénicas. Se demostró que es posible el desarrollo de la embriogénesis somática en el cv. Navolean no solo a partir de scalps de multiyemas.Palabras clave: ancimidol, plátanos, suspensiones celulares embriogénica