Utilização do farelo de algodão, com ou sem a adição de ferro, na alimentação de leitões na fase inicial (15-30 kg)

Um experimento foi conduzido para verificar os efeitos da inclusão de três níveis (0, 8 e 12%) de farelo de algodão contendo 36% de PB (FA36) e três níveis (0, 20 e 40 g/100 kg de ração) de sulfato de ferro (FeSO4) em rações isoenergéticas (12% de FA36) sobre o desempenho, o nitrogênio na uréia plasmática (NUP) e o eritrograma de leitões na fase inicial (15 a 30 kg). Foram utilizados 80 leitões, machos castrados e fêmeas, com peso inicial de 14,81 ± 1,72 kg, alojados em baias suspensas. Foi utilizado o delineamento em blocos inteiramente casualizados, com cinco tratamentos (0FA; 8FA; 12FA; 12FA+20FeSO4 e 12FA+ 40FeSO4) e cinco repetições, compostas por dois ou três animais por unidade experimental. Não houve efeito dos níveis de FA36 nem da adição do sulfato de ferro sobre o desempenho dos leitões. Os valores de NUP não foram influenciados pela inclusão de FA36. Os valores de eritrograma não indicaram efeito dos níveis crescentes de inclusão do FA36 nem da adição do sulfato de ferro, exceto para a variável Hemoglobina Corpuscular Média (HCM), que aumentou linearmente com a inclusão de níveis crescentes de sulfato de ferro nas dietas. A inclusão de até 12% de FA36 na dieta não prejudica o desempenho de leitões, não havendo a necessidade da adição de sulfato de ferro

Farelos de algodão com diferentes níveis de proteína na alimentação de suínos na fase inicial: digestibilidade e desempenho = Utilization of two cottonseed meal in starting pig feeding : digestibility and performance

Foram conduzidos três experimentos, com o objetivo de estudar a utilização de farelos de algodão (FA) com diferentes níveis de proteína bruta (36% de PB -FA36 e 42% de PB -FA42) na alimentação de leitões. O Exp. I foi um ensaio de digestibilidade, utilizando suínos machos castrados. O FA36 e o FA42 apresentaram 2.256 e 2.414 kcal de ED kg-1, 2.042 e 2.196 kcal de EM kg-1 e 77,54 e 79,75% para os coeficientes de digestibilidade d a PB, respectivamente. Nos Exp. II e III foram avaliados o desempenho de leitões (15 -30 kg) alimentados com FA36 e FA42, respectivamente. Foram formuladas, para cada experimento, cinco rações com níveis crescentes de inclusão de FA (0, 4, 8, 12 e 16%) util izando 40 leitões, distribuídos em um delineamento em blocos casualizados, com cinco tratamentos, quatro blocos e dois animais por unidade experimental. Com o aumento da inclusão de FA36 o consumo diário de ração (CDR) não foi influenciado, o ganho diário de peso (GDP) apresentou efeito quadrático com ponto de máximo e a conversão alimentar (CA) aumentou linearmente. A análise econômica indicou viabilidade da inclusão de até 8%. Com a adição de níveis crescentes de FA42 houve efeito quadrático com ponto de mínimo sobre o CDR e GDP, e aumento para a CA. Os resultados indicaram que a inclusão de FA piorou a CA. Entretanto, a viabilidade econômica é dependente do custo relativo dosingredientes.Three experiments were carried out with the objective to study the use of cottonseed meals (CM) with different crude protein level s, (36% CPCM36 and a 42% CP-CM42) on starting pig diets. The Exp. I was a digestibility trial using 12 barrows. The CM36 and CM42 showed 2,256 and 2,414 kcal DE kg-1, 2,042 and 2,196 kcal ME kg-1, and 77.54 and 79.75% to digestibility coefficients of CP, respectively. In theExp. II and III were studied the starting pigs performance (15 -30 kg) fed with CM36 and CM42, respectively. In both experiments, five diets with increasing levels of CM (0, 4, 8, 12 and 16%) were studied, using 40 piglets allotted in a randomized design block, with four replicates and two piglets per experimental unit. With the inclusion of CM36 the daily feed intake (DFI) did not influence, the daily weight gain (DWG) presented a quadratic effect with maximum point, and feed:gain ratio (FGR) increased. The economic analysis indicated feasibility inclusion up to 8%. With the addition of CM42 there was quadratic effect on DFG and DWG, with minimum points, and increased to the FGR. The results suggest that the inclusion of CM impaired the FGR. However, its economical feasibility depends on therelative cost of feedstuffs

Enhancing the Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Light-Emitting Diode: Implications and Molecular Mechanisms

This study evaluated the effects of light-emitting diode (LED) on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). An electronic search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science database for articles published from 1980 to February 2020. Ten articles met the search criteria and were included in this review. The risk of bias was evaluated to report quality, safety, and environmental standards. MSCs were derived from adipose tissue, bone marrow, dental pulp, gingiva, and umbilical cord. Protocols for cellular irradiation used red and blue light spectrum with variations of the parameters. The LED has been shown to induce greater cellular viability, proliferation, differentiation, and secretion of growth factors. The set of information available leads to proposing a complex signaling cascade for the action of photobiomodulation, including angiogenic factors, singlet oxygen, mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase, Janus kinase/signal transducer, and reactive oxygen species. In conclusion, although our results suggest that LED can boost MSCs, a nonuniformity in the experimental protocol, bias, and the limited number of studies reduces the power of systematic review. Further research is essential to find the optimal LED irradiation parameters to boost MSCs function and evaluate its impact in the clinical setting

Karyological traits related to phylogenetic signal and environmental conditions within the Hymenaea clade (Leguminosae, Detarioideae)

The Hymenaea Glade is a lineage of the subfamily Detarioideae of Leguminosae. The Glade is currently composed of three genera: Guibourtia, Hymenaea, and Peltogyne. The genera Guibourtia and Hymenaea present an Amphi-Atlantic distribution, whereas Peltogyne is exclusively found in the Neotropics. Previous studies have focused on the phylogeny of the group but there are no studies that demonstrate mechanisms that could be involved in the evolution of this Amphi-Atlantic Glade. The present work is the largest cytogenetic analysis for the group published so far. We aimed to provide a study of karyotypic characteristics of the Hymenaea Glade, interpreted using the plastidial trnK phylogenetic reconstruction as background. We analyzed karyological characteristics such as chromosome number, chromosome size, centromeric position, CMA/DAPI patterns, and banding for 5S and 45S rDNA. With the present data available, multivariate analyses (PCA) and Phylogenetic Eigenvector Regression (PVR) demonstrated that centromeric asymmetry and number of 5S rDNA sites may present a strong phylogenetic signal, whereas number of CMA(+) sites is associated with geography/climate characteristics. The association of CMA bands and geography has been reported for other legumes of the Caesalpinia group. This study demonstrates that the use of statistical tools for analyzing karyotypic characteristics can result in more precise interpretation of evolutionary processes related to structural changes in chromosomes and how these changes can also be related to environmental conditions39CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQFUNDAÇÃO CARLOS CHAGAS FILHO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO - FAPERJFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE GOIÁS - FAPEGFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP312766/2009-2; 563550/2010-4; 465610/2014-5E-26/111.581/2014; 202.411/20172018102670000232010/52488-

A Machine Learning Application Based in Random Forest for Integrating Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomic Data: A Simple Screening Method for Patients With Zika Virus

Recent Zika outbreaks in South America, accompanied by unexpectedly severe clinical complications have brought much interest in fast and reliable screening methods for ZIKV (Zika virus) identification. Reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is currently the method of choice to detect ZIKV in biological samples. This approach, nonetheless, demands a considerable amount of time and resources such as kits and reagents that, in endemic areas, may result in a substantial financial burden over affected individuals and health services veering away from RT-PCR analysis. This study presents a powerful combination of high-resolution mass spectrometry and a machine-learning prediction model for data analysis to assess the existence of ZIKV infection across a series of patients that bear similar symptomatic conditions, but not necessarily are infected with the disease. By using mass spectrometric data that are inputted with the developed decision-making algorithm, we were able to provide a set of features that work as a “fingerprint” for this specific pathophysiological condition, even after the acute phase of infection. Since both mass spectrometry and machine learning approaches are well-established and have largely utilized tools within their respective fields, this combination of methods emerges as a distinct alternative for clinical applications, providing a diagnostic screening—faster and more accurate—with improved cost-effectiveness when compared to existing technologies