THE IDEA GENERATED IN THE CREATIVE GERUND. A multidisciplinary approach to the concept of the idea

En un momento en el que la Posmodernidad ha dejado detrás de sí un halo de relativismo en torno a la obra de arte¿ sobre su sentido y verdad, urge reivindicar el valor de lo artístico desde la misma obra ideada y no desde el sujeto. Este artículo aborda estas cuestiones compartidas con otras actividades que tienen la misma naturaleza creativa: música, arquitectura o pintura. La obra de arte es, esencialmente, una entidad espacio-temporal y desde ahí adquiere su vida, su ser, sentido y evolución... incluso parael mismo sujeto.The halo of relativism around the work of art, left behind by Postmodernism, illuminates the work¿s meaning and its truth; however, also found under this light is the urgency of reclaiming the artistic importance of the work, and not of the subject. This article addresses these questions in relation to other activities that share the same creative nature: music, architecture, or paining. Essentially, the work of art is a spatial-temporal entity, and as such, it comes to life acquiring its being, its meaning, and its evolution ¿ as does the very subject itself.García Quesada, R. (2012). LA IDEA GENERADA EN EL GERUNDIO CREATIVO. Una aproximación multidisciplinar al concepto de idea. EGA. Revista de Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica. 16(18). doi:10.4995/ega.2011.1085.SWORD161

Ideación y virtualidad: una introducción al espacio-tiempo virtual en la ideación

[ES] Sin resumenGarcía Quesada, R. (2009). Ideación y virtualidad: una introducción al espacio-tiempo virtual en la ideación. EGA. Revista de Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica. (14):246-255. https://doi.org/10.4995/ega.2009.10262SWORD2462551

Urban Soundscape Assessment by Visually Impaired People: First Methodological Approach in Granada (Spain)

The University of Granada team received no external funding for this project. The UCL team was funded through the European Research Council (ERC) Advanced Grant (no. 740696) on "Soundscape Indices" (SSID).Soundscape assessments by citizens are starting to emerge as a common practice, normally carried out in context by means of soundwalks along selected paths with volunteers. However, when such assessments are carried out, either in situ or in laboratory experiments, visually impaired citizens are not usually involved. To address this question, three soundwalks were carried out in 2020 in the city of Granada, in southern Spain, with the participation of visually impaired people. In this paper, we present the lessons learnt from this research with respect to the methodology issues that have to do with soundwalking and the surveying procedures when people with limited vison are participating, the assessment results, and a comparison with a soundscape evaluation carried out in 2019 without the collaboration of visually impaired people. The results of this preliminary campaign highlight that: (1) Adapting soundscape assessment protocols from standards for visually impaired people is a methodological challenge that requires research attention; (2) Some of the different patterns in the assessment of the soundscape pleasantness between visually impaired and nonvisually impaired participants emerged; (3) The perception of quietness may differ for visually impaired people when orientation and identification are factors that play a role in the acoustic environment evaluation.European Research Council (ERC) European Commission 74069

The importance of changing urban scenery in the assessment of citizens’ soundscape perception. On the need for different time-related points of view

This original work was carried out with the collaboration of Granada City Council Local Agenda 21 Technical Office in the execution of the soundwalks. Authors are grateful to the participants in the soundwalks and appreciate their interesting discussion and feedback. Valuable comments and personal feedback from Antonella Radicchi and Francesco Aletta are highly appreciated.The city of Granada is experimenting a big urban transformation, attending national and international commitments on clean air, energy efficiency and savings linked to greenhouse gases reduction strategies and sustainable development action plans. This situation constitutes a good scenario for new noise control approaches that take into account the sound variable and citizens empowering in urban design, such as the soundscape assessment of urban territory. In this way, soundscape tools have been used in Granada as a complementary method for environmental noise characterisation where traditional noise control techniques are difficult to be carried out or give limited results. After 2016 strategic noise map and in the preparation of the new noise action plan, the city came across a great acoustic challenge in a new area located outskirts characterised by growing urbanisation, still under development, the greatest legal protection because of sensitive teaching and hospital buildings and the greatest noise exposure from nearby ring-way supporting heavy traffic flow. As quiet urban areas are not characterised by the absence of noise but for the presence of the right noise, this research intended to provide the local administration with results and proposals to transform this conflict area in a pleasant or quiet urban place. Main results came from important and significative differences in morning and evening characterisation, as great differences appear in soundscape assessment over the day and along the soundwalk path, indicating the importance of time and local issues to adequately characterised citizens perception to be considered by administration in the development of strategies and effective noise control actions

Itinerarios y trayectorias : una perspectiva de la transición de la escuela al trabajo

El artículo parte del enfoque biográfico que aplica el Grupo de Investigación sobre Educación y Trabajo (GRET) a los estudios sobre transición de la escuela al trabajo. En la base del enfoque biográfico está el análisis acerca de los itinerarios y trayectorias, y la consideración de la diversidad y desigualdad de los mismos, así como los efectos sobre los procesos de adquisición y enclasamiento. El enfoque teórico y metodológico de las trayectorias ha sido implementado por el grupo de investigación GRET-UAB en numerosas investigaciones empíricas, aunque la aportación del artículo tiene su referente más directo en la propuesta metodológica presente en la encuesta realizada a los jóvenes en Cataluña mediante un cuestionario de corte longitudinal retrospectivo. El enfoque de los itinerarios y trayectorias de las personas permite avanzar en un doble sentido: establecer, en primer lugar, nexos entre la perspectiva más empírica y la perspectiva más cualitativa, y, en segundo lugar, establecer nexos entre ciencia social y política social. Entendemos que esta perspectiva supone impulso y novedad en el campo de la sociología de la juventud, de la educación y del trabajo.This article begins with the biographical focus that the Investigation Group about Education and Work (IGEW) applies to the studies on transition from school to work. On the grounding of biographical focus, it exists the analysis about itineraries and trajectories and the consideration of diversity and inequality, as well as the effects on the processes of acquisition and insertion in social class. Theoretical and methodological focus of trajectories has been implemented by IGEW-UB in numerous empiric investigations, although the contribution of this article has its more direct referent in the methodological proposal in a survey applied to Catalonia youth. Focus on people's itineraries and trajectories allows to advance in a double sense: to establish nexus between the empirical perspective and a more qualitative one; and, in second place, to establish nexus between social science and social politics. We understand that this outlook supposes impulse and novelty in the field of youth's sociology, education and work

Changes in forms of transition in contexts of informational capitalism

This article identifies the forms of transition of young people towards emancipation from the family based on earlier research, applying this theoretical approach to a survey of young people in an advanced capitalist region, with the aim of obtaining a picture of their educational, employment and emancipation profiles. Four basic forms of transition are described; young people between the ages of 26 and 29 are empirically classified in these four categories, and an examination is made of the key hypothesis that states that the categories of early success and working class itineraries are being displaced by the successive approach and paths of precariousness. An analysis allows a relationship to be drawn between changes in the structure of capitalism and changes in the forms of transition of young people towards emancipation and social status. Particular emphasis is laid on the form of testing used by young people, and what this means at a lifestyle level. «In the ways in which transition and the uncertainties of the future are faced (testing), we have seen substantial changes in forms of transition which increase the difference in experience and perception between parents and children, and we have observed that institutions have a broad area in which they can act to modify careers that would seem to present a negative future».L'article identifica les modalitats de transició dels joves vers l'emancipació familiar a partir de recerques anteriors i aplica aquest enfocament teòric a una enquesta a joves d'una zona de capitalisme avançat, amb la finalitat d'obtenir una distribució de trajectòries escolars, laborals i d'emancipació. S'hi descriuen quatre modalitats bàsiques de transició, s'hi realitza un exercici empíric de classificació de joves de 26 a 29 anys en aquestes modalitats i s'hi verifica la hipòtesi clau segons la qual s'afirma la recessió de les modalitats d'èxit precoç i de les trajectòries obreres, en favor de les modalitats d'aproximació successiva i de precaritat. L'anàlisi permet relacionar els canvis en l'estructura del capitalisme i els canvis en els models de transició dels joves a l'emancipació i la posició social. Particularment, s'hi insisteix en la forma de tempteig dels joves i el que això significa a nivell d'estil de vida. «En les formes d'encarar la transició i la incertesa del futur (el tempteig), intuïm canvis substancials en les modalitats de transició que augmenten la diferència d'experiències i percepcions entre pares i fills i percebem que les institucions tenen un camp d'acció ampli destinat a modificar trajectòries que anuncien futurs negatius»

Changes in forms of transition in contexts of informational capitalism

L’article identifica les modalitats de transició dels joves vers l’emancipació familiar a partir de recerques anteriors i aplica aquest enfocament teòric a una enquesta a joves d’una zona de capitalisme avançat, amb la finalitat d’obtenir una distribució de trajectòries escolars, laborals i d’emancipació. S’hi descriuen quatre modalitats bàsiques de transició, s’hi realitza un exercici empíric de classificació de joves de 26 a 29 anys en aquestes modalitats i s’hi verifica la hipòtesi clau segons la qual s’afirma la recessió de les modalitats d’èxit precoç i de les trajectòries obreres, en favor de les modalitats d’aproximació successiva i de precaritat. L’anàlisi permet relacionar els canvis en l’estructura del capitalisme i els canvis en els models de transició dels joves a l’emancipació i la posició social. Particularment, s’hi insisteix en la forma de tempteig dels joves i el que això significa a nivell d’estil de vida. «En les formes d’encarar la transició i la incertesa del futur (el tempteig), intuïm canvis substancials en les modalitats de transició que augmenten la diferència d’experiències i percepcions entre pares i fills i percebem que les institucions tenen un camp d’acció ampli destinat a modificar trajectòries que anuncien futurs negatius».This article identifies the forms of transition of young people towards emancipation from the family based on earlier research, applying this theoretical approach to a survey of young people in an advanced capitalist region, with the aim of obtaining a picture of their educational, employment and emancipation profiles. Four basic forms of transition are described; young people between the ages of 26 and 29 are empirically classified in these four categories, and an examination is made of the key hypothesis that states that the categories of early success and working class itineraries are being displaced by the successive approach and paths of precariousness. An analysis allows a relationship to be drawn between changes in the structure of capitalism and changes in the forms of transition of young people towards emancipation and social status. Particular emphasis is laid on the form of testing used by young people, and what this means at a lifestyle level. «In the ways in which transition and the uncertainties of the future are faced (testing), we have seen substantial changes in forms of transition which increase the difference in experience and perception between parents and children, and we have observed that institutions have a broad area in which they can act to modify careers that would seem to present a negative future»

Emotions Detection based on a Single-electrode EEG Device

The study of emotions using multiple channels of EEG represents a widespread practice in the field of research related to brain computer interfaces (Brain Computer Interfaces). To date, few studies have been reported in the literature with a reduced number of channels, which when used in the detection of emotions present results that are less accurate than the rest. To detect emotions using an EEG channel and the data obtained is useful for classifying emotions with an accuracy comparable to studies in which there is a high number of channels, is of particular interest in this research framework. This article uses the Neurosky Maindwave device; which has a single electrode to acquire the EEG signal, Matlab software and IBM SPSS Modeler; which process and classify the signals respectively. The accuracy obtained in the detection of emotions in relation to the economic resources of the hardware dedicated to the acquisition of EEG signal is remarkable

Effect of passage through the plant on virulence and endophytic behavioural adaptation in the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana

Systemic crop protection using endophytic isolates of entomopathogenic fungi is at the forefront of IPM. Nonetheless, any potential trade-offs between virulence and endophytic behaviour must be elucidated if they are to be effectively used in pest management strategies. Here we investigated endophytic adaptation in an isolate of Beauveria bassiana following successive passage through melon, tomato and cotton tissues. Plants were sprayed with a suspension of B. bassiana endophytic isolate EABb 04/01-Tip to initiate endophytic colonization. Once colonization was established, the fungus was re-isolated from the plant, applied to another plant and re-isolated again; this was repeated to achieve three passages. After each passage, a conidial suspension of each isolate was used in bioassays to evaluate both virulence against 4th instar larvae of the model insect Galleria mellonella and to quantify the extent of endophytic activity in each respective host plant species. When sprayed leaves were inspected for fungal colonization, differences in percentage tissue colonization amongst the plant species were detected after the first re-isolation. Endophytic colonization rates in melon and tomato, which varied from 70 to 100%, were higher than those observed in cotton, which ranged from 40 to 50%; endophytic colonization in cotton increased to 75–100% after the third passage. This improvement in endophytic behaviour in cotton, an apparently suboptimal plant for fungal colonization, suggests an evolutionary adaptation to localized or transient endophytic colonization, while further assays are needed. Meanwhile, when endophytic colonization of non-sprayed leaves distant from the sprayed ones was investigated, endophytic activity was evident in all three crop species suggesting that movement within plants after successive passage increased the extent of endophytic colonization from transient to systemic. The present research highlights the potential for adaptation to endophytic behaviour in crops that are less suitable for endophytic colonization. Furthermore, we demonstrated stability in virulence after multiple passages through host plants. This is a key result for the development of IPM strategies based on endophytic entomopathogenic fungi