El Camino de Santiago riojano. Su paisaje y encuentros

El caminante que se adentra en el tramo riojano del camino de Santiago, encuentra ante sí 59 km de recorrido, a lo largo de los cuales tiene la opción de observar y transitar por una extraordinaria variedad de paisajes que se le ofrecen. Paisajes culturales y naturales, cotidianos y más singulares, cercanos y más alejados, paisajes que puede ver, percibir e intuir, que se muestran evidentes o más escondidos, que aparecen o a cuyo encuentro hay que partir, paisajes que nos reflejan algo más de lo que se ve, que se engrandecen con el paso del tiempo, que permanecen, sobreviven, pierden esencia o desaparecen. El Camino de Santiago es en La Rioja cultura, en gran parte asociada y reflejada en el paisaje. Se propone un recorrido que nos muestra alguno de estos paisajes, cuyas características se desgranan tomando como hilo conductor el análisis llevado a cabo en los trabajos del Departamento de Planificación y Proyectos de la E.T.S.I. de Montes de la Universidad Politécnica de Madri

Ices everywhere: from the lab to the atmosphere and beyond

21 transp.-- Presentación incluida entre las actividades de divulgación del IV Clare Hall Spain meeting (San Sebastián, Oct 3, 2009).[ES] Se presenta una introducción a dos de las líneas de investigación de nuestro Departamento, consistentes en el estudio de fases condensadas (hielos) de gases de interés atmosférico o astrofísico. Los sistemas descritos en esta presentación son hidratos de ácido nítrico y clorhídrico (atmósfera) y mezclas de CO2 y CH4 con hielo de agua (astrofísica).[EN] An introduction is presented to two of the main research lines in our Department, namely the study of condensed phases (ices) of atmospheric or astrophysical interest. The systems described in this presentation are nitric and chlorhydric acid hydrates (atmosphere) and mixtures of CO2 and CH4 with water ice (astrophysics).Peer reviewe

On the spectral features of dangling bonds in CH4/H2O amorphous ice mixtures

[EN] Dangling bond (DB) bands in IR spectra, above 3600 cm(-1), are a source of information on structural properties of amorphous water ice, and especially on ice mixtures of water and other frozen gases. We deal in this paper with the spectroscopic behavior of DB bands of CH4/H2O mixtures. We use ab initio methodology to predict theoretical results which are compared with experimental results. Our model mixtures are created by inserting a variable number of molecules of either species into a cell of appropriate size to reach an initial density of 1 g cm(-3), which can be modified by including an empty space at the top, to simulate pores. The cell is taken as a unit cell for a solid state calculation The structure of the mixture is optimized and the IR spectrum is calculated for the converged geometry. We find two different kinds of dangling bonds, in which the O-H stretching responsible for this mode is directed either to an empty space of a pore or towards a nearby CH4 molecule, with which some interaction takes place. The spectral characteristics of these two DB types are clearly different, and follow satisfactorily the pattern observed in experimental spectra. Estimated band strengths for these DB bands are given for the first time.Funds from the Spanish MINECO/FEDER FIS2016-77726-C3-1-P and C3-3-P projects are acknowledged. We are indebted to V. J. Herrero for technical assistance with the CASTEP calculations, performed at SGAI-CSIC.Maté, B.; Satorre, MÁ.; Escribano, R. (2021). On the spectral features of dangling bonds in CH4/H2O amorphous ice mixtures. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. 23(15):9532-9538. https://doi.org/10.1039/d1cp00291k95329538231

Raman intensities of overtones and combination bands of C2H 2, C2HD, and C2D2

Measurements of absolute gas phase vibrational Raman scattering cross sections of binary overtone and combination bands of C2H 2,C2HD, and C2D2 are reported. Calculated values for these cross sections, which take into account the contribution of the anharmonic force field and the electro-optical anharmonicity, are also presented. Within limitations due to approximations in the theory and uncertainties in the parameters, the comparison between the experimental cross sections and the calculated ones is quite encouraging. © 1982 American Institute of Physics.Peer Reviewe

Agricultural Trade Barriers 10 years later Uruguay Round Trade Agreement Signature

In this paper, an analysis of current state of agricultural trade barriers is carried out alter ten years of Uruguay Round Agricultural Trade Agreement Signature The descriptive analysis showed that small advances in trade barriers removing have been taken out. About the heterogeneity in tariff applications, tariff progresivity and peak tariffs, the same situation is pointed out.Trade barriers; agricultural trade; Uruguay Round development

Significado e importancia de las etapas descriptiva y proyectual en los proyectos de restauración ambiental: término municipal de Mogarraz (Salamanca)

El municipio de Mogarraz (Salamanca), incluido en el Parque Natural de Las Batuecas Sierra de Francia, ha sufrido en los últimos años un intenso proceso emigratorio que ha supuesto un abandono de sus tierras y un envejecimiento poblacional. Al hacerse extensible esta realidad al resto de municipios incluidos dentro de los Espacios Protegidos de Castilla y León, surge el Programa Parques Naturales de Castilla y León (septiembre 2002), dirigido a la conservación y el desarrollo socioeconómico del medio rural. Este proyecto, apoyado en el Programa, pretende mejorar las condiciones de vida de la población de Mogarraz, recuperar la actividad económica y social, y potenciar y conservar los valores ambientales que posee. Para ello, se ha diseñado un esquema metodológico que sirve de guía para la elaboración de este tipo de proyectos de restauración. En él se plantean las etapas lógicas y secuenciales para conseguir los objetivos propuestos. El proyecto incluye: etapa descriptiva, diagnóstico de los problemas ambientales, propuesta de soluciones, y etapa proyectual de las actuaciones prioritarias: restauración del área de descanso del núcleo urbano, y recuperación de un antiguo camino con el fin de convertirlo en senda ecológica. Finaliza con el pliego de condiciones, planos, y presupuesto de las obras

HDO infrared detection sensitivity and D/H isotopic exchange in amorphous and crystalline ICE

6 p. : gráf.The sensitivity of the OD stretching band as a probe to detect HDO in astrophysical ice is discussed based on IR laboratory spectra of HDO molecules embedded in H2O ice. This band is extremely broad and tends to disappear into the absorption continuum of H2O for low-temperature amorphous samples. Detectable HDO/H2O ratios with this technique may range from a few percent for amorphous samples to a few per thousand in crystalline ice. These relatively high upper limits and the appreciable dependence of the band shape on temperature, which would complicate the interpretation of data from many lines of sight, decisively limit the usefulness of the technique for HDO detection in astronomical observations. The process of isotopic H/D exchange in mixed ice of H2O/D2O is also studied through the evolution of the OD band in IR spectra. Isotopic exchange starts at ∼120 K and is greatly accelerated at 150 K, as crystallization proceeds in the ice. Annealed amorphous samples prove to be more favorable for isotope exchange than samples directly formed in crystalline phase. The annealing process seems to favor a polycrystalline ice morphology with a higher defect activity. These morphology differences can be of relevance for deuterium fractionation in astronomical . © 2011 The American Astronomical Society.Funded by the MCINN of Spain under grants FIS2007-61686 and FIS2010-16455; “Ramon y Cajal” programPeer reviewe

Using the Xeon Phi platform to run speculatively-parallelized codes

Producción CientíficaIntel Xeon Phi accelerators are one of the newest devices used in the field of parallel computing. However, there are comparatively few studies concerning their performance when using most of the existing parallelization techniques. One of them is thread-level speculation, a technique that optimistically tries to extract parallelism of loops without the need of a compile-time analysis that guarantees that the loop can be executed in parallel. In this article we evaluate the performance delivered by an Intel Xeon Phi coprocessor when using a software, state-of-the-art thread-level speculative parallelization library in the execution of well-known benchmarks. We describe both the internal characteristics of the Xeon Phi platform and the particularities of the thread-level speculation library being used as benchmark. Our results show that, although the Xeon Phi delivers a relatively good speedup in comparison with a shared-memory architecture in terms of scalability, the relatively low computing power of its computational units when specific vectorization and SIMD instructions are not fully exploited makes this first generation of Xeon Phi architectures not competitive (in terms of absolute performance) with respect to conventional multicore systems for the execution of speculatively parallelized code.2018-04-01Castilla-Leon Regional Government (VA172A12-2); MICINN (Spain) and the European Union FEDER (MOGECOPP project TIN2011-25639, HomProg-HetSys project TIN2014-58876-P, CAPAP-H5 network TIN2014-53522-REDT)

New data structures to handle speculative parallelization at runtime

Producción CientíficaSoftware-based, thread-level speculation (TLS) is a software technique that optimistically executes in parallel loops whose fully-parallel semantics can not be guaranteed at compile time. Modern TLS libraries allow to handle arbitrary data structures speculatively. This desired feature comes at the high cost of local store and/or remote recovery times: The easier the local store, the harder the remote recovery. Unfortunately, both times are on the critical path of any TLS system. In this paper we propose a solution that performs local store in constant time, while recover values in a time that is in the order of T, being T the number of threads. As we will see, this solution, together with some additional improvements, makes the difference between slowdowns and noticeable speedups in the speculative parallelization of non-synthetic, pointer-based applications on a real system. Our experimental results show a gain of 3.58× to 28× with respect to the baseline system, and a relative efficiency of up to, on average, 65 % with respect to a TLS implementation specifically tailored to the benchmarks used.Castilla-Leon Regional Government (VA172A12-2); Ministerio de Industria, Spain (CENIT OCEANLIDER); MICINN (Spain) and the European Union FEDER (MOGECOPP project TIN2011-25639, CAPAP-H3 net- work TIN2010-12011-E, CAPAP-H4 network TIN2011-15734-E)

A Technique to Automatically Determine Ad-hoc Communication Patterns at Runtime

Producción CientíficaCurrent High Performance Computing (HPC) systems are typically built as interconnected clusters of shared-memory multicore computers. Several techniques to automatically generate parallel programs from high-level parallel languages or sequential codes have been proposed. To properly exploit the scalability of HPC clusters, these techniques should take into account the combination of data communication across distributed memory, and the exploitation of shared-memory models. In this paper, we present a new communication calculation technique to be applied across different SPMD (Single Program Multiple Data) code blocks, containing several uniform data access expressions. We have implemented this technique in Trasgo, a programming model and compilation framework that transforms parallel programs from a high-level parallel specification that deals with parallelism in a unified, abstract, and portable way. The proposed technique computes at runtime exact coarse-grained communications for distributed message-passing processes. Applying this technique at runtime has the advantage of being independent of compile-time decisions, such as the tile size chosen for each process. Our approach allows the automatic generation of pre-compiled multi-level parallel routines, libraries, or programs that can adapt their communication, synchronization, and optimization structures to the target system, even when computing nodes have different capabilities. Our experimental results show that, despite our runtime calculation, our approach can automatically produce efficient programs compared with MPI reference codes, and with codes generated with auto-parallelizing compilers.2018-12-01MICINN (Spain) and ERDF program of the European Union: HomProg-HetSys project (TIN2014-58876-P), CAPAP-H6 (TIN2016-81840- REDT), COST Program Action IC1305: Network for Sustainable Ultrascale Computing (NESUS), and by the computing facilities of Extremadura Research Centre for Advanced Technologies (CETA-CIEMAT), funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). CETACIEMAT belongs to CIEMAT and the Government of Spain