Analysis of liquid stevioside and cyclamate-saccharin dietetic sweeteners by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry without sample treatment

An analytical method for the determination of inorganic species in liquid cyclamate-saccharin and stevioside sweeteners is presented. The method is based on inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry and allowed analysis without prior sample treatment. Instrumental parameters were optimized according to plasma robustness and the signal to background ratio. The accuracy of the method was evaluated for As, Ca, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn employing analyte addition and recovery experiments. The recovery values were between 90 and 110% for the majority of the analytes, the RSDs obtained were, in general, lower than 5% and the limits of detection were in the range 0.7 (Mg) - 71 (Pb) µg L-1. The analyses of different samples indicated that the average values of many of the analytes studied were different for the two types of samples. Copper and Zn concentrations were in the same range and As, Co, and Pb were not detected in any samples.A determinação de espécies inorgânicas em adoçantes líquidos à base de ciclamato-sacarina e esteviosídeo é descrita. O método, sem tratamento prévio da amostra, é baseado na espectrometria de emissão óptica em plasma com acoplamento indutivo. Parâmetros instrumentais foram otimizados de acordo com a robustez do plasma e a razão sinal analítico/ sinal de fundo. A exatidão foi avaliada para As, Ca, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb e Zn empregando experimentos de adição e recuperação. Os valores de recuperação ficaram entre 90 e 110% para a maioria dos analitos, os RSDs obtidos foram, em geral, menores que 5% e os limites de detecção ficaram na faixa de 0,7 (Mg) a 71 (Pb) µg L-1. Não foi detectada a presença de As, Co e Pb. As concentrações de Cu e Zn foram semelhantes para as amostras de ciclamato-sacarina e esteviosídeo enquanto as demais espécies mostraram diferenças.13931399Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Effect of selenite and selenate application on mineral composition of lettuce plants cultivated under hydroponic conditions: nutritional balance overview using a multifaceted study

FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOThe effect of selenate and selenite enrichment on mineral composition of a red type of lettuce cv. “Veneza roxa” was evaluated using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP OES), molecular modeling and principal component analysis (P292371379FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOFAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO2013/26855-22012/15020-42014/15425-02008/57808-1573894/ 2008-6The authors gratefully acknowledge the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP Process 2013/26855-2, 2012/15020-4 and 2014/15425-0), the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) and National Institute of A

Classification of processed and natural coconut water using hca, pca and metallic ion levels obtained by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES)

Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry was used to determine Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, Zn and Cu in samples of processed and natural coconut water. The sample preparation consisted in a filtration step followed by a dilution. The analysis was made employing optimized instrumental parameters and the results were evaluated using methods of Pattern Recognition. The data showed common concentration values for the analytes present in processed and natural samples. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) indicated that the samples of different kinds were statistically different when the concentrations of all the analytes were considered simultaneously.654656Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Aplicação de Azospirillum brasilense e nitrogênio em cobertura em híbridos de milho

Corn (Zea mays L.) is the most cultivated cereal in the world. The high yields obtained for this crop are mainly linked to nitrogen requirements. Technologies that aim to reduce costs with nitrogen fertilizers, with less environmental impact, such as diazotrophic bacteria, should be considered an advantageous alternative for this crop. The present study aimed to evaluate two corn hybrids, BioGene 7046® and Dekalb 310®, with three topdressing nitrogen doses (0.35 and 70 kg ha-1 of N) associated with four application methods of Azospirillum brasilense (without inoculation, seed inoculation, foliar inoculation, and the combination of inoculation via seeds and leaves). A randomized block design with four replications arranged in a 2x3x4 factorial scheme was used to evaluate variables related to growth and development, physiological analysis of nitrate reductase enzyme activity, and yield variables and their components. The use of Azospirillum brasilense did not affect the development of corn plants and did not increase grain yield. In the edaphoclimatic conditions in which this research was developed, nitrogen fertilization at doses of 35 and 70 kg ha-1 benefit nutrition, development, and corn yield components but are insufficient to increase grain yield.O milho (Zea mays L.) é o cereal mais cultivado no mundo. As altas produtividades obtidas para esta cultura estão ligadas principalmente às exigências ao nitrogênio. Tecnologias que visam à redução dos custos com fertilizantes nitrogenados, com menor impacto ao meio ambiente como a utilização de bactérias diazotróficas devem ser consideradas uma alternativa vantajosa para esta cultura. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar dois híbridos de milho BioGene 7046® e Dekalb 310® com 3 doses de nitrogênio em cobertura (0,35 e 70 kg ha-1 de N) associado com 4 métodos de aplicação de Azospirillum brasilense (sem inoculação, inoculação nas sementes, inoculação foliar e a combinação de inoculação via sementes e folhas). Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos ao acaso com 4 repetições com arranjo fatorial 2x3x4 avaliando-se, as variáveis relacionadas ao crescimento e desenvolvimento, análise fisiológica da atividade da enzima redutase do nitrato e variáveis do rendimento e seus componentes. O uso de Azospirillum brasilense não teve efeito no desenvolvimento das plantas de milho e não incrementou a produtividade de grãos. Nas condições edafoclimáticas em que foi desenvolvida essa pesquisa a adubação nitrogenada nas doses de 35 e 70 kg ha-1 beneficiam a nutrição, o desenvolvimento e os componentes da produção do milho, porém não são suficientes para proporcionar incrementos na produtividade de grãos

Concentrações hormonais em repouso e induzidas por uma sessão de treinamento de força com superséries em homens de meia-idade treinados e não-treinados em força

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Effects of high-intensity interval training combined with traditional strength or power training on functionality and physical fitness in healthy older men : a randomized controlled trial

Concurrent training (CT) is an efficient strategy to improve neuromuscular function and cardiorespiratory fitness in older adults, which are factors of pivotal importance for the maintenance of functional capacity with aging. However, there is a lack of evidence about the effectiveness of power training (PT) as an alternative to traditional strength training (TST) during CT. Thus, the aim of the present study was to examine the effect of 16 weeks (twice weekly) TST combined with high intensity interval training (TST + HIIT) vs. PT combined with HIIT (PT + HIIT) on functional performance, cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition in older men. Thirty five older men (65.8 ± 3.9 years) were randomly allocated into two training groups: TST + HIIT (n = 18), and PT + HIIT (n = 17). TST + HIIT performed resistance training at intensities ranging from 65% to 80% 1RM at slow controlled speed (≅ 2 s for each concentric phase), whereas PT + HIIT trained at intensities ranging from 40% to 60% of 1RM at maximal intentional speed. Both groups performed HIIT at intensities ranging from 75 to 90% of VO2peak. Participants performed functional tests (sit-to-stand, timed-up-and-go, stair climbing); cardiopulmonary exercise testing (maximal cycling power output: Wmax, peak oxygen uptake: VO2peak, cycling economy), as well as body composition assessment (DXA) before, post 8 and post 16 weeks of training. The groups improved similarly (P < 0.05) with training in all functional capacity outcomes, Wmax, cycling economy, VO2peak and body composition (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that HIIT based CT programs involving TST vs. PT are equally effective in improving functionality, cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition in healthy older men