The generation revenue and demand payment assessment for pool based market model in Malaysia electricity supply industry

The objective of this paper is to address the economic benefits in term of generation revenue and demand payment for the pool based market model in Malaysia electricity supply industry (MESI). In pool market model, there are issues on the benefit of the generators such as too high system marginal price (SMP) during peak demand and no revenue during low demand. Therefore, conceptual study for two bus test system in MESI involving four generators around Peninsular Malaysia is conducted to perform the economic analysis in term of generation revenue and demand assessment considering existing single buyer model and pool based market model, i.e., pool model, spot market model and the proposed model, in order to identify which market model is superior. As a result, the proposed model managed to decrease the demand payment as it is proportional to generation revenue, even though the generation revenue is at intermediate value and succeed to increase the low and medium generator’s revenue

Kinetic Model and Simulation Analysis for Propane Dehydrogenation in an Industrial Moving Bed Reactor

A kinetic model for propane dehydrogenation in an industrial moving bed reactor is developed based on the reported reaction scheme. The kinetic parameters and activity constant are fine tuned with several sets of balanced plant data. Plant data at different operating conditions is applied to validate the model and the results show a good agreement between the model predictions and plant observations in terms of the amount of main product, propylene produced. The simulation analysis of key variables such as inlet temperature of each reactor (T ) and hydrogen to total hydrocarbon ratio (H2/THC) affecting process performance is performed to identify the operating condition to maximize the production of propylene. Within the range of operating conditions applied in the present studies, the operating condition to maximize the propylene production at the same weighted average inlet temperature (WAIT) is ΔT = -2, ΔT inrx1 = +1, ΔT inrx2 inrx = +1 , ΔT inrx4 inrx3 = +2 and ΔH2/THC= -0.02. Under this condition, the surplus propylene produced is 7.07 tons/day as compared with base case

Adaptive memory-based single distribution resampling for particle filter

The restrictions that are related to using single distribution resampling for some specific computing devices’ memory gives developers several difficulties as a result of the increased effort and time needed for the development of a particle filter. Thus, one needs a new sequential resampling algorithm that is flexible enough to allow it to be used with various computing devices. Therefore, this paper formulated a new single distribution resampling called the adaptive memory size-based single distribution resampling (AMSSDR). This resampling method integrates traditional variation resampling and traditional resampling in one architecture. The algorithm changes the resampling algorithm using the memory in a computing device. This helps the developer formulate a particle filter without over considering the computing devices’ memory utilisation during the development of different particle filters. At the start of the operational process, it uses the AMSSDR selector to choose an appropriate resampling algorithm (for example, rounding copy resampling or systematic resampling), based on the current computing devices’ physical memory. If one chooses systematic resampling, the resampling will sample every particle for every cycle. On the other hand, if it chooses the rounding copy resampling, the resampling will sample more than one of each cycle’s particle. This illustrates that the method (AMSSDR) being proposed is capable of switching resampling algorithms based on various physical memory requirements. The aim of the authors is to extend this research in the future by applying their proposed method in various emerging applications such as real-time locator systems or medical applications

Dosimetric Assessment of Routine X-Ray Examination at Selected Health Clinics in Perak Using Commercialized Optically-Stimulated Luminescence Dosimeter (OSLD)

This study aims to compare entrance surface dose (ESD) values measured with nanoDot Al2O3:C optically-stimulated luminescence dosimeter (OSLD) and guidance level set under the second national dose survey which utilized old-version LiF:Mg,Ti thermoluminescence dosimeter (TLD). In this study, we conducted a dosimetric assessment for posteroanterior chest X-ray (PA-CXR) examinations performed at various community clinics in Perak, Malaysia. These clinics were selected as they were excluded from the first and second national dose survey conducted in Malaysia in 1993-1995 and 2005-2009, respectively. The ESD is obtained by mounting the OSLD on the surface of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) slabs. The PMMA slabs were then exposed to X-ray based on the current practice of respective clinics. The results show that the 3rd quartile of ESDs ranged from 0.180 mGy to 0.229 mGy which is less than the recommended guidance level of the second national dose survey by 77 %. ESD measured using OSLD was found to be lower than the guidance values recommended from the second national dose survey. The finding showed a good competency of the radiographer to optimize radiological practice specifically in routine X-ray examination

A review on sensing-based strategies of interior lighting control system and their performance in commercial buildings

Artificial lighting consumed significant amount of electrical energy in commercial buildings. Therefore, intelligent control strategies are widely implemented to reduce the lighting energy consumption. This paper presents comprehensive review of the current sensing-based strategies (i.e. occupancy, daylight and mixed), sensors placement methods (i.e. occupancy and light) and factors affecting the performance of the lighting control strategies. Based on literature survey, the sensors placement methods can be categorized into three approaches: Fixed, mathematical equation and optimization. The state-of-the-art of these approaches are discusses in details. It found that, the optimization-based approach capable to find the optimal sensor placement (numbers and positions) effectively. Moreover, the mixed strategy can be produced the highest energy savings up to 95% compared with other strategies. The occupancy pattern and building characteristics are the main factors to contribute higher energy savings of sensing-based strategies in commercial buildings

Road Triangle Detection for Non-Road Area Elimination Using Lane Detection and Image Multiplication

The background has become the key issue in maintaining the accuracy of final analysis for object detection in the development of an image processing algorithm. Therefore, this paper focuses on intelligent transport system (ITS), in which some of the background characteristics such as trees, road divider, and buildings interfere in the detection system algorithm. Therefore, this paper presents an algorithm that can remove the unwanted background, outside the road area boundaries for dynamic video footage. Using the onboard camera to capture the road traffic, the background is always moving in motion together with the foreground; therefore, a region of interest that focuses only on the road region needs to be established. The algorithm consists of three main components: lane detection, vanishing point and image multiplication. From the three components, other methods are applied, namely Hough transform, line intersection, image masking and image multiplication, which are combined together to create the background subtraction system. In the final analysis, the test results under various road conditions show a good detection rate and background removal

Mobile ad hoc network testbed using mobile robot technology

MANET (Mobile Ad Hoc Network) researchers have shown increased interest in using mobile robot technology for their testbed platforms. Thus, the main motivation of this paper is to review various robot-based MANET testbeds that have been developed in previously reported research. Additionally, suggestions to heighten mobility mechanisms by using mobile robots to be more practical, easy and inexpensive are also included in this paper, as we unveils ToMRobot, a low-cost MANET robot created from an ordinary remote control car that is capable of performing a real system MANET testbed with the addition of only a few low-cost electronic components. Despite greatly reduced costs, the ToMRobot does not sacrifice any of the necessary MANET basic structures and will still be easily customizable and upgradeable through the use of open hardware technology like Cubieboard2 and Arduino, as its robot controller. This paper will also include guidelines to enable technically limited MANET researchers to design and develop the ToMRobot. It is hoped that this paper achieves its two pronged objectives namely (i) to facilitate other MANET researchers by providing them with a source of reference that eases their decision making for selecting the best and most suitable MANET mobile robots for real mobility in their MANET testbeds (ii) to provide MANET researchers with a prospect of building their own MANET robots that can be applied in their own MANET testbed in the future

Tunable spacing dual-wavelength Q-switched fiber laser based on tunable FBG device

A tunable spacing dual-wavelength Q-switched fiber laser is experimentally demonstrated based on a fiber Bragg grating tunable device incorporated in an erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL). The system utilizes two identical fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) at 1547.1 nm origin to enable two laser lines operation. The wavelength separations between two laser lines are controlled by fixing one of the FBGs while applying mechanical stretch and compression to the other one, using a fiber Bragg grating tunable device. The seven steps of wavelength spacing could be tuned from 0.3344 to 0.0469 nm spacing. Pulse characteristics for both close and wide spacing of dual-wavelength Q-switched fiber laser are successfully being recorded. The findings demonstrate the latest idea of dual-wavelength fiber laser based on FBG tunable device, which offers a wide range of future applications