Selforganization as the most perfect form of organization

The fact is that everything in the natural and social order has emerged through the process of organizing. It has been scientifically proven that there are two types of organization, as follows: natural or selforganization and artificial, i.e. conscious organization. Self-organization exists in the natural order, and typical examples are: cosmos, all living creatures, especially man as a perfect self-organization. Reasonable organization is the result of man as a conscious living being and it consists of all kinds of social organizations, such as companies, institutions and other types of organizational systems. Self-organization functions based on the laws of nature, and organizing takes place based on man’s ideas, man being the example of the highest quality of selforganization. Although self-organization is the highest quality form of organization, it is rarely or not at all spoken about, and it is even more rarely applied in practice. Many analogies of self-organization could be transferred to the artificial organizations and enterprises, institutions and other institutions. This paper aims to highlight the characteristics of self-organization as a result of natural organization, in order for certain principles from this method of organization to be transferred to artificial organizations

Multicyclic treelike reflexive graphs

AbstractA simple graph is reflexive if its second largest eigenvalue does not exceed 2. A graph is treelike (sometimes also called a cactus) if all its cycles (circuits) are mutually edge-disjoint. In a lot of cases one can establish whether a given graph is reflexive by identifying and removing a single cut-vertex (Theorem 1). In this paper we prove that, if this theorem cannot be applied to a connected treelike reflexive graph G and if all its cycles do not have a common vertex (do not form a bundle), such a graph has at most five cycles (Theorem 2). On the same conditions, in Theorem 3 we find all maximal treelike reflexive graphs with four and five cycles

Unexpected Scaling of the Performance of Carbon Nanotube Transistors

We show that carbon nanotube transistors exhibit scaling that is qualitatively different than conventional transistors. The performance depends in an unexpected way on both the thickness and the dielectric constant of the gate oxide. Experimental measurements and theoretical calculations provide a consistent understanding of the scaling, which reflects the very different device physics of a Schottky barrier transistor with a quasi-one-dimensional channel contacting a sharp edge. A simple analytic model gives explicit scaling expressions for key device parameters such as subthreshold slope, turn-on voltage, and transconductance.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

Geodetski radovi u Velikoj Britaniji

Geodetski radovi u Velikoj Britaniji

Geodetski radovi u Velikoj Britaniji

Geodetski radovi u Velikoj Britaniji

Vehicle fleet resources management aimed at improvement of transport process effectiveness.

Unapređenje efektivnosti transportnog procesa obuhvata upravljanje ljudskim resursima, upravljanje održavanjem osnovnih sredstava, opreme i infrastrukture, energetsku efikasnost, racionalizaciju korišćenja tovarnog prostora vozila, transparentno učešće na transportnom tržištu, standardizaciju, kontrolu kvaliteta i dr. U cilju unapređenja efektivnosti potrebno je da se upravlja resursima voznog parka (zaposleni, sredstva za rad, energija, infrastruktura, tržište, informacioni sistemi, programi rada i tehnologija)...Improvement of transport process effectiveness encompasses management of human resources, management of fixed assets, equipment and infrastructure maintenance, energy efficiency, streamlining of load compartment use, transparent participation in the transport market, standardization, quality control, etc. In order to achieve effectiveness improvements it is required to manage vehicle fleet resources (staffing, operating equipment, energy, infrastructure, market, information systems, operating programs and technology)..

Singer memory filter data association for moving target tracking in heavy clutter.

праћење циљева / target trackingПредмет истраживања ове дисертације је поступак придруживања података у процесу праћења покретних циљева. У основи, познато је да сeнзoри oбeзбeђуjу мeрeњa, нa oснoву кojих сe мoжe извршити прoцeнa (eстимaциja) пaрaмeтaрa и стaњa систeмa. У вeћини случajeвa je тaчнo пoзнaт извoр мeрeњa тaкo дa сe прoцeнa врши стaндaрдним мeтoдaмa (Kalman-Bucy филтeр). Aсoциjaциja пoдaтaкa je нeoпхoднa у ситуaциjaмa кaдa ниje пoзнaт извoр мeрeњa, као што је oсмaтрaњe прoстoрa рaдaром или сoнaром. Рaдaр шaљe импулс eлeктрoмaгнeтскe eнeргиje и прoцeсирa примљeнe oдjeкe. Кaдa снaгa примљeнoг сигнaлa прeђe oдрeђeни прaг, дoлaзи дo дeтeкциje. Дeтeкциje сe прojeктуjу у oсмaтрaчкe кooрдинaтe кoje пoстajу улaзнa мeрeњa зa блoк прaћeњa циљeвa. Тa мeрeњa мoгу пoтицaти oд циљeвa, aли истo тaкo и oд случajних oбjeкaтa и фeнoмeнa. Извoр свaкoг мeрeњa je нeпoзнaт. Мeрeњa кoja пoтичу oд циљeвa (”тaчнa” мeрeњa) нису пoуздaнa, jeр су у свaкoм интeрвaл мeрeњa присутнa сaмo сa oдрeђeнoм вeрoвaтнoћoм дeтeкциje. Нeжeљeнa мeрeњa сe oбичнo зoву “клaтeр”, oнa сe пojaвљуjу случajнo, и oбичнo сe мoдeлирajу кao Пoaсoнoв прoцeс описан густинoм брoja клaтeр мeрeњa у прoстoру oсмaтрaњa...The subject of the research topic presented in this doctoral dissertation is data association of moving target tracking. Basically, it is known that sensors provide the measurement, which results can effectively be used for evaluation (estimation) of the parameters and state of the system. In most cases, the exact source of measurement is known, thus estimation is performed by using standard methods (Kalman-Bucy filter). Data association is necessary in scenarios where source of measurements is not known, such as the observation of radar or sonar. Radar sends a pulse of electromagnetic energy and processes the received echoes. When the power of the received signal exceeds a certain threshold, there is a detection. Detections are projected in the observation coordinates which then become input measurements for the target tracking system. This measurement may derive from the targets, but also from random objects and phenomena. Source of each measurement is unknown. Measurements derived from targets ("true" measurements) are not reliable, because in each measurement interval they are present only with a certain probability of detection. Adverse measurements are commonly called "clutter", they appear randomly, and are usually modeled as a Poisson process described Clutter number density measurements in space observation..

Effects of applied herbicides on crop productivity and on weed infestation in different growth stages of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

The level of weed infestation directly affects the intensity of competitive relationship between sunflower crops and weeds. The greatest damage is caused by annual, broad-leaf and invasive weeds, such as Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Xanthium strumarium L. and Datura stramonium L. Suppression of these weeds is difficult because of deficiency of adequate herbicides and because in years with dry springs, such as in 2009, the use of herbicides gives no results. This two-year study dealt with the observed effects of pre-emergence flurochloridone + s-metolachlor herbicides on the distribution of weeds in different stages of sunflower development. Weed infestation was estimated over the sunflower developmental stages, i.e., in the periods when weeds were removed and when the total fresh and dry biomass of the weed species was determined. Simultaneously, in order to monitor the effects of weeds in dependence on herbicides application and the duration of competition, the sunflower plant height was measured. At the end of the life cycle, the yield and the oil content of the sunflower seeds were established. The total fresh weed biomass changed in dependence on the sunflower developmental stages and was always lower on the herbicide-treated area. This affected the sunflower plant height, yield and the oil content, which were higher, on the average, in the variants with herbicide applications (70.4 cm, 2959.7 kg ha-1 and 42.0%) than in the variants without herbicides application (57.4 cm, 2711.1 kg ha-1 and 40.1%). Weed suppression in the sunflower crop has to be done with adequate herbicides and in due time in order to suppress a significant reduction in morphological and yield parameters

Methods of detection and typing of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from animals

In this work there was evaluated the method of detection of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) by using two molecular and three phenotypic tests in investigation procedure of 70 strains of S.aureus isolated from animals. Recent findings of the new mecA homologue, mecALGA251, minimise the significance of mecA gene presence detection as a confirmation method of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus identification. For this reason, along with multiplex PCR set of primers(165rDNK, nuc, mecA) for detection mecA gene, there was also used multiplex PCR set of primers (spa, mecA, pvl, mecALGA251) for differentiation mecALGA251 from mecA, with simultaneous detection of luk-PV and spa gene fragments. In all 70 investigated isolates there was detected the presence of specific 16 SrDNK fragment and nuc gene which encodes a thermostable S. aureus nuclease, while in 5 out of 70 S. aureus isolates, there was proven mecA gene presence using two multiplex PCR tests. In the investigated strains there was determined neither mecC (mecALGA251)gene presence, nor Panton Valentine Leukocidin encoding gene. By application cefoxitin disk-diffusion, latex-agglutination and two multiplex PCR tests, the identical results in identification 5 methicillin resistant out of 70 investigated S. aureus strains were obtained. In our investigation there was determined a complete correlation between the results of phenotypic and genotypic identification of methicillin resistant S. aureus. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. TR 31079

Mechanism of Ambipolar Field-Effect Carrier Injections in One-Dimensional Mott Insulators

To clarify the mechanism of recently reported, ambipolar carrier injections into quasi-one-dimensional Mott insulators on which field-effect transistors are fabricated, we employ the one-dimensional Hubbard model attached to a tight-binding model for source and drain electrodes. To take account of the formation of Schottky barriers, we add scalar and vector potentials, which satisfy the Poisson equation with boundary values depending on the drain voltage, the gate bias, and the work-function difference. The current-voltage characteristics are obtained by solving the time-dependent Schr\"odinger equation in the unrestricted Hartree-Fock approximation. Its validity is discussed with the help of the Lanczos method applied to small systems. We find generally ambipolar carrier injections in Mott insulators even if the work function of the crystal is quite different from that of the electrodes. They result from balancing the correlation effect with the barrier effect. For the gate-bias polarity with higher Schottky barriers, the correlation effect is weakened accordingly, owing to collective transport in the one-dimensional correlated electron systems.Comment: 21 pages, 10 figures, to appear in J. Phys. Soc. Jp