Sinteza heterocikličkog sustava piridina

Piridin je jednostavni, aromatski, šesteročlani, heterociklički spoj koji sadrži dušik. Kao strukturni motiv pojavljuje se u brojnim biološki aktivnim spojevima, farmaceuticima (lijekovima) i prirodnim proizvodima. S obzirom na tako raznoliku uporabu dostupno je mnogo metoda za njegovu sintezu. Piridin i njegovi supstituirani derivati mogu se pripraviti u laboratoriju de novo klasičnim kondenzacijskim reakcijama karbonilnih spojeva i amina ili amonijaka (formiranje aromatskog prstena iz nearomatskih prekursora), cikloadicijskim Diels-Alderovim reakcijama i reakcijama pregrađivanja. Uz to postoje i brojne modifikacije i unaprjeđenja klasičnih metoda sinteze

Displaying Violence in Memorial Museums – Reflections on the Use of Photographs

This article examines if and how memorial museums exhibit graphic atrocity photographs, including pictures of executions and decomposing corpses, images taken by perpetrators that humiliate the victims or depict the persecuted in a stereotypical, antisemitic, or racist way, and voyeuristic photographs showing (almost) naked people being persecuted before their execution. The contribution sets out with a brief introduction to the general history of the approach taken towards photographic material since 1945, before describing the transformation of its use in memorial museums – first in the much-discussed Western Holocaust and World War II context, but then also for the Asian-Pacific World War II theatre in China and Japan and with regard to the museumization of the more recent 1990s genocides in Bosnia- Herzegovina and Rwanda. Finally, I categorize exhibited images taken by perpetrators, liberators, victims (turning into survivors) etc. Whether or not museums decide to display such representations of violence, they pay a price and thus need to counterbalance their decision by well-reflected methods.This article examines if and how memorial museums exhibit graphic atrocity photographs, including pictures of executions and decomposing corpses, images taken by perpetrators that humiliate the victims or depict the persecuted in a stereotypical, antisemitic, or racist way, and voyeuristic photographs showing (almost) naked people being persecuted before their execution. The contribution sets out with a brief introduction to the general history of the approach taken towards photographic material since 1945, before describing the transformation of its use in memorial museums – first in the much-discussed Western Holocaust and World War II context, but then also for the Asian-Pacific World War II theatre in China and Japan and with regard to the museumization of the more recent 1990s genocides in Bosnia- Herzegovina and Rwanda. Finally, I categorize exhibited images taken by perpetrators, liberators, victims (turning into survivors) etc. Whether or not museums decide to display such representations of violence, they pay a price and thus need to counterbalance their decision by well-reflected methods

Amfiteatar i zapadni bedemi Salone

S obzirom na monumentalan izgled po uzoru na rimski Coloseum, salonitanski amfiteatar je nastao vjerojatno u doba Flavijevaca. Prvobitno podignut na periferiji grada za vrijeme Marka Aurelija, obuhvaćen je novim prstenom bedema u jedinstveni fortifikacijski sustav zapadnoga dijela grada. Otvoreno je pitanje gdje su ranije za julijevsko-klaudijevske dinastije održavane gladijatorske igre u Saloni

St John’s Church in Stari Grad on Hvar Island

The Church of St John in Stari Grad was built within the Greek insula, converted in Roman times, alongside the eastern gate of the city. Archaeological excavations revealed a unique heritage complex of city walls and residential architecture within which the still preserved northern Early Christian church (St John’s) represents the starting point for the creation and development of the Christianity of the Hvar diocese and the island of Hvar

Topografija antičke Salone (III) Salonitanska Urbs occidentalis

Salonitanska Urbs occidentalis nastaje podizanjem novoga prstena bedema oko suburbija sa zapadne strane stare gradske jezgre (Urbs vetus) pod prvim barbarskim pritiskom na granice Rimskoga Carstva za vrijeme cara Marka Aurelija (170.). U novom gradskom prostoru obuhvaćen je ranije sagrađeni amfiteatar i dio nekropole koji otada prestaje biti u funkciji. U kasnoj antici nastaje trobrodna bazilika uz Via Principalis. U ovom radu iznosi se pregled dosadašnjih istraživanja spomenika u zapadnom dijelu grada (Urbs occidentalis)

Topografija antičke Salone (I) Salonitanska Urbs vetus

Salona, glavni grad rimske provincije Dalmacije, i njezini spomenici-kako oni monumentalnoga - javnog karaktera tako i oni vezani uz svakodnevni život - odavno su u fokusu znanstvenih istraživanjima, ali su većinom poznati samo u glavnim obrisima. Uočene su dileme o vremenu njihova nastanka i razvojnim promjenama uvjetovanim urbanističkim zahvatima ili svakodnevnim potrebama. Saloni nedostaju sustavna istraživanja ne samo terenskoga karaktera već i ona na stvaranju osnovne baze podataka o svim dosad poznatim arheološkim nalazima, spomenicima i urbanističkim elementima razvoja antičkoga grada, osobito za najranije povijesti. Stoga su u ovom radu obuhvaćeni podatci o poznatim javnim građevinama najstarijega dijela grada, Urbs vetus, koji će se nadopunjavati ostalim arheološkim nalazima upotpunjujući povijesno-topografsku sliku antičke Salone. Na taj način dostupna baza podataka bit će dragocjena podloga za planiranje zaštite i prezentacije arheoloških lokaliteta Salone, a posebna vrijednost je u mogućnosti njezine primjene u izradi detaljnih planova pojedinih zona grada Solina

Antičke spolije u solinskim Paraćima

U solinskim Paraćima nastalim u neposrednoj blizini zapadnog dijela grada pored salonitanskoga amfiteatra upotrijebljene su brojne antičke spolije kao ukras ili građevinski materijal obiteljskih kuća i dvorišta. To su uglavnom ulomci reljefa i natpisa te arhitektonskih elemenata iz amfiteatra i nadgrobnih spomenika sa zapadne salonitanske nekropole koji su evidentirani i kataloški obrađeni

Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura – The Role of ADAMTS13 Assay in Clinical Practice

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a disorder characterized by disseminated thrombotic occlusions of the microcirculation. Identification of ADAMTS13 protease and its place in the pathophysiology of TTP led to better understanding of the disease and better survival for the diseased. Here we show a case report of a patient that had a normal ADAMTS13 protease activity and an unusual clinical presentation and utilize that case to highlight how the absence of a severe ADAMTS13 protease deficiency does not preclude a diagnosis of TTP and how early initiation and continuation of plasma exchange therapy can lead to a positive outcome, even in a severely ill patient. Even though ADAMTS13 protease determination has no immediate influence on the decision whether or not to start the plasma exchange therapy, it has great impact on future management of the patient and should be determined whenever possible

Displaying Violence

This issue brings together analyses of power relations faced by museums around the world that exhibit histories of conflict or violence. It traces recent transformations in the way museums deal with the representation of violence: whether they reflect on the standpoint of victims and integrate their voices; whether they remain inclusive of marginalized communities; whether they address longsilenced legacies of violence; or whether they respond to ethical challenges associated with the display of images, objects and the curation of human remains. Examinations of culturally and geographically diverse curatorial practices highlight how museums challenge or perpetuate violence and hegemonic structures of power and marginalization, how they present a multiplicity of voices or homogenized narratives, and how they engage visitors with reflexive metaquestions. The understanding of violence in this issue is not limited to atrocities or physical harm but also raises questions about the violence of museum displays and the structural violence of the museum institution itself, past and present. By focusing on questions of colonial violence and its museological representation, many of the contributions highlight the centrality of this issue to current public debates and discussions on the identity of the institution. In their choice of cases, the papers also expand the notion of museum space to include not only sites of historical atrocities and offsite museums but also botanical gardens and public space

A New Fractal-Based Design of Stacked Integrated Transformers

Silicon-based radio-frequency integrated circuits are becoming more and more competitive in wide-band frequency range. An essential component of these ICs is on-chip (integrated) transformer. It is widely used in mobile communications, microwave integrated circuits, low-noise amplifiers, active mixers, and baluns. This paper deals with the design, simulation, and analysis of novel fractal configurations of the primary and secondary coils of the integrated transformers. Integrated stacked transformers, which use fractal curves (Hilbert, Peano, and von Koch) to form the primary and secondary windings, are presented. In this way, the occupied area on the chip is lower and a number of lithographic processes are decreased. The performances of the proposed integrated transformers are investigated with electromagnetic simulations up to 20 GHz. The influence of the order of fractal curves and the width of conductive lines on the inductance and quality factor is also described